1、方法技巧(1)重首句,易入题完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向,达到顺利“入题”的目的。典例1 (2020课标全国)原文Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.句意自从我们的双胞胎开始学习走路以来,我和妻子一直告诉他们,我们滑动的玻璃门只是一扇窗户。直接信息首句清楚地交代了故事发生的地点(在家)、人物
2、(一对夫妇和他们学走路的孩子们)以及事件(不准学走路的孩子们走出滑动的玻璃门)。预测信息下文作者可能要讲述与“门”或“窗”有关的话题。(2)寻复现,找答案在完形填空选项的设置上,命题人往往通过原词复现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上下义词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相对应的词,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。原词复现典例2 (2019课标全国片段)They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central 51 ,creating an a
3、rea of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 52 ,Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been53 there and standing there and taking54 of each other,”Ro says.“The town square was totally55 .”51.A.libraryB.hallC.squareD.street解析 由下一段中的“The town square was totally.”可知,此空选square。libr
4、ary图书馆;hall大厅;street街道。答案 C同/近义词复现典例3 (2019课标全国片段)Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 :gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.57.A.village B.desert C.roadD.lake解析 根据空后描述的砾石、石头和岩石可知海拔4,000米以上就是高原荒漠。答案 B反义词复现典例4 (2019课标全国片段)Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were repl
5、aced with49 .It just started licking(舔)Ehlers face.49.A.surpriseB.joyC.hesitationD.anxiety解析 设空处下一句It just started licking Ehlers face.(小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸)说明小狗见到Ehlers很高兴,与之前的紧张和害怕形成对比。答案 B同根词复现典例5 (2016北京片段)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome,Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due
6、to heavy snow.How could the medicine get to Nome?The towns39 was already full of ice,so it couldnt come by ship.Cars and horses couldnt travel on the40 roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.40.A.narrowB.snowyC.busyD.dirty 解析 根据上文中的due to heavy snow可知此处应该是:汽车和马无法在被雪覆盖的路上跑。答案 B上下词复现典例6 (2
7、016课标全国片段)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport,I figured it all out.Ranis59 her warm smile,her nods,her Im here for you60 were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.59.A.forgivenessB.eagernessC.friendlinessD.skillfulness 解析 根据下文中的“her warm smile,her nods”可知Rani很友好。smile和nod
8、s是下义词(具体行为),friendliness是上义词(概括)。答案 C(3)析逻辑,索答案完形填空中有些题目侧重考查对话题逻辑性的精准判断以及对特殊语境下的情绪演变、行为态度、语言褒贬和方式转变的理解判断。常见的命题方式包括心理揣测、动作交互、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等。解决此类问题时要关注连词的功能、词语的情感色彩和动作发生的先后,借助具体语境和人物的特定身份,顺着原文的思路,依据上下文进行合乎逻辑的推断。典例7 (2017课标全国片段)I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.58 ,if
9、there had been any talking,it would have 59(caused)us to learn less.58.A.LastlyB.ThusC.InsteadD.However解析 上文提到“我很快意识到沉默是令人愉快的”,下文说“如果说话的话,反而会使我们学的东西更少”,由此判断上下文构成相反关系。答案 C(4)据搭配,知答案完形填空中,有时会涉及短语,以动词短语为主,偶见介词短语等。解题时,可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识,进行有效推断,选择正确答案。典例8 (2018课标全国片段)In order to 50(pass)the class,among othe
10、r criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future profes-sions and,eventually,to our lives.51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare解析 句意:为了通过这门课程,除了其他的标准,我们要写一篇论文说明我们计划如何把将在课堂上学到的东西运用到我们未来的职业中,并最终运用到我们的生活中。本题考查固定搭配。apply.to.把运用到中。答案 C(5)重平行,觅逻辑文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑
11、关系连在一起,特别是并列平行的结构。这些平行结构要么通过标点符号体现,要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说,这些平行结构所表达的语义是一致的,考生解题时要特别注意这一点。典例9 (2017课标全国片段)The professor was deaf and any talking was57 .57.A.prohibitedB.welcomedC.ignoredD.repeated解析句中and为并列连词,两个分句构成顺承关系。根据第一个分句中的deaf一词,可推断下文为“谈话被禁止”。答案 A(6)依常识,定答案完形填空虽然是独立的语篇,但有时会渗透很多科技文化、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。学生
12、在做题时如果能积极主动地调动自己已有的文化背景和生活常识,特别是注意中西文化的差异并巧妙加以利用,将会有效简化分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,取得“事半功倍”的效果。典例10 (2018课标全国片段)Two weeks earlier,my son,Ben,had got in touch.Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id 41(last)seen him.So imagine my42 when he emailed me saying he wanted
13、 to come to visit me.42.A.delightB.reliefC.angerD.worry解析 根据常识可知,和儿子13年未见,要见到自己的儿子了,作者肯定很“高兴”。答案 A(7)破难句,解句意完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句,而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析,准确理解句意,明确所填选项在句中的语法功能,从而做出正确判断。典例11 (2017课标全国片段)Axani wrote in his post that he is not 55(looking)for anything in retur
14、n and that the woman who uses the 56(extra)ticket can choose to either travel with him or 57 the ticket and travel on her own.57.A.returnB.takeC.reserveD.hide解析 本句为主从复合句。动词wrote后面两个that分别引导宾语从句,在第二个宾语从句中who引导定语从句,先行词为the woman。搞清句子结构对选择答案是有帮助的。根据上下文可知此处表达:使用这张额外机票的女士既可以选择和他一起旅行,也可以拿着这张机票单独旅行。答案 B(8)
15、看语境,辨词义完形填空的四个选项如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分,可能会有两个或两个以上的答案。做题时,要从整体上把握文章内容,区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系,同时认真比较所给选项,从中选出最佳答案。典例12 (2020课标全国片段)Maybe its an unreasonable fear.But the 58 is that I shouldnt lie to my kids.I should just 59 repeatedly having to say,“No.We cant go out-side now.”Then when they come to other doors in
16、life,be they real or metaphorical,they wont 60 to open them and walk through.58.A.safety ruleB.comfort zoneC.bottom lineD.top secret解析 句意:但是,底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。safety rule安全规则;comfort zone舒适区;bottom line底线;top secret最高机密。根据I shouldnt lie to my kid可知这是我的底线。答案 C(9)悟情感,寻答案在高考完形填空文章中,学生一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中,仔细找出能
17、够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是学生做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助学生快速确定某些题目的正确答案。典例13 (2019课标全国片段)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as59 to it as I am to my dogs,”says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog,Id hope that somebody would be60 to go that extra mile.”60.A.suitableB.proudC.wiseD.willing
18、解析 根据“If it had been my dog,Id hope that somebody would be to go that extra mile.”可知,Ehlers认为,如果他的狗走丢了,他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去帮助寻找他的狗。答案 D(10)巧排除,降难度在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下,学生可以通过试填选项选出最吻合语境、最能衔接语义的选项,这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。典例14 (2018课标全国片段)During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education de-p
19、artment was offering a“free”course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I41 the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesnt want to42 a few dollars?More than that,Id always wanted to learn chess.41.A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down 解析 根据下文who doesnt want to42 a few dollars 和More than that,Id always wanted to learn chess.可知“我”决定参加这门课程的学习,由此排除选项A、C和D三个选项。jump at欣然接受(机会、建议等),符合题意。答案 B