1、阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。What makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “NO”It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.You will probably agree that
2、 knowing how to use the power is important to a carpenter (木匠)You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate (调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone.The scientist，however，goes one step further，he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that hi
3、s answer can be confirmed (确认) by other persons.He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.The scientists knowledge must be exact.There is no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditio
4、ns permit.What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason that investigations are impor
5、tant in science.Albert Einstein，who developed the theory of relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations.Einsteins ideas were shown to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are us
6、ed to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.1What makes a scientist according to the passage?AThe tools he uses.BHis ways of learning.CThe ways he uses his tools.DThe different tools.解析：细节理解题。由第一段“It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools th
7、at makes him a scientist.”可知。答案：C2What can we learn from the passage?AThe scientists knowledge is always right under all conditions.BWhen the condition changes，the result of the observation may also change.CCondition makes no difference to scientists.DTheres no point for ordinary people knowing how
8、to investigate.解析：细节理解题。由第二段“If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.”可知。答案：B3“The scientist，however，goes one step further，.”the author says this to show _.Athe importance of informationBthe importa
9、nce of thinkingCthe difference between scientists and ordinary peopleDthe difference between carpenters and people with other jobs解析：句意理解题。上文提到了如何调查，如何发现信息对每个人来说都很重要，下文用however引起转折，说明科学家们应该更进一步，他必须确保问题有合理的答案。故此处的the scientist，however，goes one step further，.用来说明科学家和普通人的不同之处。答案：C4A scientific theory s
10、hould be one that_.Anot only works under one set of conditions sometimes，but also works under the same conditions at other timesBleaves no room for improvementCdoes not allow any change even under different conditionsDcan be used for many purposes解析：细节理解题。由“What works under one set of conditions som
11、etimes must work under the same conditions at other times.”可知答案。答案：A5What is the main idea of the passage?AScientists are different from ordinary people.BThe theory of relativity.CExactness is the center of science.DExactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.解析：主旨大意题。
12、本文第一句“What makes a person a scientist？”提出了文章的主题，第一段论述“how a scientist uses these tools makes him a scientist”，第二段论述“The scientists knowledge must be exact”，故D正确。其余各项只是文章中的细节。答案：D。【2014高考英语广东省中山市华侨中学二模试题】A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a
13、 few months ago. He has good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an
14、elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helpe
15、d someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. Its the least I could do. Please. I insist.” Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applications waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some gre
16、ase on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewers office with disappointed look on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.
17、Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?” Jimmys heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview?” he thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmys surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the
18、morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know youd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down
19、and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.26. Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?A. He was out of work B. He was bored with his jobC. He wanted a higher position D. He hoped to find a better boss27. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A. A friends car had
20、 a flat tyre B. A wild man was pushing a carC. A terrible accident happened D. An old mans car broke down28. Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?A. He was also to be interviewed B. He needed a traveling companionC. He always helped people in need D. He was thankful to Jimmy29. How did Jimmy feel
21、on hearing the interviewers question?A. He was sorry for the other applicantsB. There was no hope for him to get the jobC. He regretted helping the old manD. The interviewer was very rude30. A. What can we learn from Jimmys experience？A. Where there is a will, theres a wayB. A friend in need is a fr
22、iend indeedC. Good is rewarded with good.D. Two heads are better than one【参考答案】26-30. ADDBC 【2014高考英语南京市、盐城市一模】请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。For decades, public health officials have puzzled over a surprising fact about HIV: Only about 10-20 percent of infants who are breastfed
23、by infected mothers catch the virus. Tests show, though, that HIV is indeed present in breast milk, so these children are exposed to the virus multiple times daily for the first several months of their lives.Now, a group of scientists and doctors from Duke University has figured outwhy these babies
24、dont get infected. Human breast milk naturally contains a protein calledTenascin Cthat neutralizes HIV and, in most cases, prevents it from being passed from mother to child. Eventually, they say, the protein could potentially be valuable as an HIV-fighting tool for both infants and adults that are
25、either HIV-positive or at risk of contracting the infection.The research, published inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was inspired byprevious workby other researchers showing that, both in tissue cultures (组织培养) and live mice, breast milk fromHIV-negativemothers was naturallyendowed
26、 withHIV-fighting properties. Scientists suggested that a few different proteins in the milk could potentially be responsible, but no one knew which one.As part of the study, the researchers divided breast milk into smaller fractions (部分) made up of specific proteins via a number of filters (过滤) sep
27、arating the proteins by size, electrical charge and othercharacteristicsand tested which of these fractions, when added to a tissue culture, prevented the cells from being infected by HIV. Eventually, theyfound that one particular protein was present in all the HIV-resistant fractions but in none of
28、 the others: Tenascin C.Tenascin C works by blocking a key protein onHIVs envelopethat normally ties up to a receptor on a T cells membrane called CCR5. In doing so, Tenascin C prevents HIV from mixing with the T cell and injecting its RNA inside.Still, the researchers say that other natural element
29、s in milk might play a role in fighting HIV as well. “Its clearly not the whole story, because we do have samples that have low amounts of this protein but still have HIV-neutralizing activity,” the studys lead author Permar says.“So it may be actingin concert withother antiviral and antimicrobial f
30、actors in the milk.”Whatever those other factors are, though, the finding vindicates (证明的正确) recent changes toUN guidelinesthatrecommend even HIV-positive mothers in resource-poor countries should breastfeed, if theyre taking anti-retroviral drugs to combat their own infection.The next steps, Permar
31、 says, are determining which area of Tenascin C is active and whether it can effectively prevent transmission in a live animal. If it works, it could potentially beincorporated(合并) into an HIV drug with broader applications. Its evenpossiblethat it could someday be adapted to reduce the risk of HIV
32、transmission in adults as well as infants.63. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. The breast milk from an infected mother doesnt contain HIV at all.B. Its less likely for infants feeding on infected mothers breast milk to catch HIV.C. The possibilities of infants catching HIV have nothing to do
33、with infected mothers.D. Children breastfed by infected mothers wont catch HIV though exposed to it frequently.64. Why did the researchers divide breast milk into smaller fractions?A. To find out Tenascin C.B. To make up specific proteins.C. To add them to a tissue culture.D. To test what prevents c
34、ells being infected.65. Which of the following about Tenascin C is true?A. It has become an effective tool in fighting HIV.B. It was first found by Permar and her research group.C. It can prevent transmission in a live animal effectively.D. It can sometimes prevent mother-to-child transmission of HI
35、V.66. What can we know about Permar and her research group according to the passage?A. They have found a cure for HIV.B. They have helped changeUN guidelines.C. They will do more researches on Tenascin C.D. Their finding is based on their previous work.【参考答案】63. B64. D65. D 66. C【2014高考英语南京市、盐城市一模】请
36、认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。He leant down to the pickpocket. The heaving and gasping had stopped, but he was still making a show of his breathlessness.“Thats better,” Mallon said. “Can you stand up? Try to stand up. Here,” he said, and gripped the pickpockets arm and forced him
37、 upright until he saw his face for the first time. As the pickpocket labored for breath, he gazed up at Mallon with his dark eyes.“How could you?”they asked.Mallon might have said, “Because you tried to steal from me.” But he was still conscious of the flush of joy hed felt when his blow struck home
38、 when he knew hed hurt the man. Where that joy came from he couldnt say, but he knew that its roots were deeper than some clumsy failed theft.Fat drops of rain began to patter on theawning(雨篷).“How are you?” Mallon said. “Can you walk?” The pickpocket turned away and leant against the store window w
39、ith both hands, and his head sank lower as his shoulders rose and fell. A gray-haired woman inside the store rapped on the glass and made a shooing motion. When the pickpocket ignored her, she rapped harder and kept rapping.“I have to go,” Mallon said. “Im sorry.” He looked up at the sky. “Im sorry,
40、” he said again, and stepped into the rain and walked quickly up the street.One of the Bangladeshi umbrella sellers was working the corner, and Mallon had just paid seven euros when he heard a woman shouting. He didnt want to look back but did. It was the woman from the shop, pushing and batting the
41、 pickpocket away from the window while he bent down and covered his head like a boxer trying to get through the last seconds of a round. Mallon slipped his wallet back into his jacket pocket and took the umbrella that the Bangladeshi had opened for him.The pickpocket was out on the sidewalk now, in
42、the rain. The woman stood just under the awning with her arms crossed over her chest.“Excuse me, madam,” Mallon said, coming up to them. “This man isnt well. He needs to rest a moment.”“I know these people,” she said. “Our Romans dont want them here.”The rain fell in sheets, ran down the pickpockets
43、 shinyscalpand face, down his leather jacket.“Here,” Mallon said, and offered him the umbrella, but he only looked at Mallon with his hurt dark eyes and then lowered his head again. Mallon bumped him in the shoulder with the handle of the umbrella. “Go on take it!” he said. And finally, with a beate
44、n, unwilling look, the pickpocket did.And that was when he saw a taxi round the corner with a light glowing on its roof. Mallon ran out waving his arm and the cab turned sharply to the pavement, sendinga lot ofwater over his shoes. He opened the door but couldnt help looking back. The pickpocket had
45、 lowered the umbrella to the ground upside down and was leaning on theshaft, head low, neck bared to the sky.“Wait,” Mallon said to the driver. He went back and grabbed the pickpockets sleeve and pulled him to the cab. “Get in,” Mallon said, and took the umbrella and pushed him into the back seat. H
46、e leaned inside. “O.K., where do you live?”“No Gypsies!” the driver said. He was twisted around, glaring at the pickpocket.“Gypsy? Look, hes not well. Ill pay,” Mallon added.The driver shook his head. “No Gypsies. Get him out,”Mallon looked at the drivers nameplate: Michele Kadare. “Its the law,” he
47、 said, “If you dont take us, Signor Kadare, Ill report you and youll lose your license. Believe me I am quite serious.”The driver fastened those pale eyes on Mallon and turned and put his hands on the steering wheel. He raised his eyes to the rearview mirror and he and Mallon exchanged stares.“O.K.,
48、 Mr. American,” he said. “You pay.”67. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 indicate?A. Mallon shouldnt have saved the pickpocket.B. The pickpocket didnt thank Mallon for his offer.C. The pickpocket blamed Mallon for his failure to steal.D. Mallon must have beaten the pickpocket before h
49、elping him.68. Where should the sentence “He hesitated, then turned back.” be placed?A. Between paragraphs 5 and 6.B. Between paragraphs 6 and 7.C. Between paragraphs 7 and 8.D. Between paragraphs 8 and 9.69. From the attitudes of the woman and the driver towards the pickpocket, we can conclude that
50、 _.A. the Gypsies had a bad reputation in RomeB. the pickpocket frequently stole around the womans storeC. everyone was protected by the law in Rome except the GypsiesD. the pickpocket couldnt purchase anything in the womans store70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The taxi didnt take the pickpocket to his house in the end.B. The pickpocket succeeded in stealing something from Mallon.C. The pickpocket was a little suspicious of Mallons intention to help him.D. The umbrella seller gave an umbrella to Mallon free of charge.【参考答案】67. B68. C69. A70. C