1、第二部分题型应对策略|精通四种题型解题技巧，有的放矢多拿分第一讲理解文中具体信息细节理解题学生用书P67细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中非常重要的一种题型。细节理解题题干针对原文的具体叙述进行提问，主要考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实或文中个别词句的理解能力，一般包括查找信息题、数字计算题等。高考江苏卷细节理解题题量统计考纲解读年份个数(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容来说至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归
2、纳、概括和推理才能答题。2019920187201710学生用书P67【考查特点】.把握细节理解题常见的命题方式：(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。.掌握细节细解题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：直接信息题；综合细节题。(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。直接细节题精准定位判细节直接细节题即事实认定类细节题，该题型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生对事实做出解释或者判断，只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息(有时需要跨
3、段落查找细节信息)。正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。常见的设问方式：Which activity will you choose if.?What will you/the students do on Tuesday/on the Capital City Bike Tour?When can you see a play in Hebrew?Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?Who w
4、ill give the talk on the islands in the Thames?典例(2019全国卷A片段)Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 1518 years old in select co
5、mmunities(社区)Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall.21What is special about Summer Company?AIt requires no training befo
6、re employment.BIt provides awards for running new businesses.CIt allows one to work in the natural environment.DIt offers more summer job opportunities.第一步确定题干中的关键词Summer_Company第二步根据关键词定位信息句Summer_Company_provides_students_with_handson_business_training_and_awards_of_up_to_$3，000_to_start_and_run_t
7、heir_own_summer_businesses.第三步比对选项确定答案Summer_Company的特别之处在于_“它为经营新业务提供奖励”。自主解答：B第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。第二步采取速读技巧快速定位原文信息，仔细比对选项和文中细节，进而确定答案。 综合细节题推理归纳定选项综合细节题要求考生在原文中找到有关的信息，但同时需要将选项信息与原文句子进行语义上的转换， 例如使用同义词、近义词或反义词表达相同的意思， 这需要考生综合考虑，把握出题人的考查意图。常见的设问方式：Which of the following best describes.?Why was.a succ
8、ess?How does the writer recommend.to readers?典例(2019全国卷C片段)“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at
9、 her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.29Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?ATo meet with her coworkers.BTo catch up with her work.CTo have some tim
10、e on her own.DTo collect data for her report.第一步确定题干中的关键词prefer_to_go_out，lunch第二步根据关键词定位信息句用prefer_to_go_out和lunch寻读，可以定位在第三段，在第三段找到I_just_wanted_some_time_to_myself.第三步比对选项确定答案根据信息句可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间。自主解答：C第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。第二步采取速读技巧寻找原文信息，将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，将确定的文章信息进行加工处理，进行进一步的辨别，进
11、而确定答案。 数字计算题“加减乘除”巧破解数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。常见的设问方式：How much should a couple with a kid pay a visit.?How long does.last?How much may they pay.?典例(2018全国卷C片段)At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven
12、. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Gu
13、inea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.30How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present?AAbout 6，800.BAbout 3，400.CAbout 2，400. DAbout 1，200.第一步确定题干
14、中的关键词less_than_6，000_people_at_present第二步根据关键词定位信息句At_present,_the_world_has_about_6，800_languages.及The_median_number(中位数)_of_speakers_is_a_mere_6，000，which_means_that_half_the_worlds_languages_are_spoken_by_fewer_people_than_that._第三步整合推算运用数学公式计算由原文信息句可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6_000，这就意味着世界上有一半语言的使用人数不到
15、6_000；结合At_present，the_world_has_about_6，800_languages.可知，目前大约3_400种语言的使用人数不到6_000。自主解答：B第一步仔细分析题干，抓牢关键信息。第二步从文章中找出包含该信息的段落，运用数学公式计算。对于离散的数字计算题，需要先找到与之相关的事实或数据，然后再进行分析整合。 学生用书P69(2019江苏卷A)Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.High_energy
16、If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern. And dont forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, cavi
17、ng, climbing and cycling.High_mindedBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and youll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to
18、become involved, including workshops and events. Keeping_the_kids_happyChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and theres plenty more to explore at the Buxton Museum. Theres a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holida
19、y periods.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴克斯顿(Buxton)令人难忘的景点及活动。56If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?APooles Cavern.BPavilion Gardens.CBuxton Museum.DGreen Man Gallery.A解析：细节理解题。根据High_energy部分中的“Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or
20、journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern.”可知，如果你想进行地下之旅，可选择Pooles Cavern。57Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers _.Arides in small trainsBcourses in modern artsCartistic and cultural activitiesDbasic courses in horse ridingC解析：细节理解题。根据High_minded部分中的“Buxton is just
21、ifiably proud of its cultural life and youll find much to suit all tastes.There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved”可知，Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre很特别的原因是它提供多种文化艺术活动。“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题1两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义， 即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面， 来表达相同的意思； 二是对文章信息的综合理解推
22、断归纳。2一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归纳，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。学生用书P69A(2019苏北三市高三质量检测)Great American Song ContestContest Rules & Entry：This annual event is designed for amateur and semipro(半职业) songwriters only. Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually f
23、rom song publishing royalties(版税) do not have qualifications.Amateur and semipro songwriters from all nations of the world are invited to participate in the Great American Song Contest. Song lyrics(歌词) may be in any language. Please include an English translation.All participants will be sent an ent
24、ry confirmation and a judging schedule when their songs are received and processed.This years deadline is March 5. Online submissions must be received by this date. Mailed submissions must be postmarked(盖邮戳) by this date.An entry fee of $30 is required for each entered song. After the first two entr
25、ies, the entry fee drops to $25 for each additional song.If the same song is entered in multiple categories, each requires a separate entry fee.Prizes & Benefits：Grand Prize Winner receives $1，000 in cash; each First Prize Winner receives $500 in cash. In addition, all winners receive a free members
26、hip to TAXI Independent A&R Company$300 value!Unlike those highly competitive “big cash prize” contests, which receive 20，000 to 30，000 entries each year but reward only a few, the Great American Song Contest offers a clear benefit to everyone who enters. Songwriters can get their songs heard and ge
27、t feedback from knowledgeable musicindustry professionals. Thats because the Great American Song Contest offers this opportunity and unique guarantee: All participating songwriters receive written opinions on their songs from experienced musicindustry professionals!【解题导语】本文是一则广告。文章主要介绍Great American
28、 Song Contest的规则、参赛费用和奖励。1What can we know from the contest rules?ASong lyrics must be written in English only.BNot all songwriters can take part in the contest.CAll submissions must be received by the deadline.DNot all participants will receive a judging schedule.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“This annual event i
29、s designed for amateur and semipro(半职业) songwriters only. Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually from song publishing royalties(版税) do not have qualifications.”可知，只有业余和半职业歌曲作者可以参赛，即并非所有歌曲作者都能参赛。故正确答案为B。2How much should a songwriter pay for his three entries?A$75.B$80.C$85. D$90.C解析：细节理解题。根据Conte
30、st Rules & Entry部分倒数第二段“An entry fee of $30 is required for each entered song. After the first two entries, the entry fee drops to $25 for each additional song.”可知，三首参赛歌曲需付(30225)85美元。故正确答案为C。长难句分析Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually from song publishing royalties(版税) do not have qualification
31、s. (Contest Rules & Entry部分第一段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词Songwriters。译文：每年从歌曲出版版税中赚取一万美元以上的歌曲作者没有参赛资格。B(2019苏州学业质量阳光指标调研)Scientists have recreated a 1985 study of birds in Peru that shows climate change is pushing them from their natural environment. Thirty years ago, researchers studied over
32、 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru. In 2017, researchers looked again at the bird populations. They found that almost all had moved to higher places in the mountain. Almost all had decreased in size. And, the scientists say at least eight bird groups that started at the higher elev
33、ations(高地) had died out completely.The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes. Or changes to food sources may have forced them to go higher. The findings were published in a science journal. The 1985 research has documented birds and other animals m
34、oving up in elevation in reaction to warming temperatures. Mark Urban, a biologist at a university, said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.In 2016, Fitzpatrick, director and a cowriter of the study passed his notes, phot
35、os and other records to Benjamin Freeman. Freeman has been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years. He set out in August and September of 2017 to copy Fitzpatricks study. His team used the same methods, searching the same places in the same time of year.Freemans team wanted to see how thin
36、gs had changed for the bird groups since 1985. The average temperatures on the mountain had risen 0.42 degrees Celsius. His team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen. Freeman said that the birds moved an average of 98 meters fu
37、rther up the mountain. He believes that temperature is the main cause of the birds movement. Fitzpatrick noted that birds used to living in areas with little temperature change may be especially at risk because of climate change. He said, “We should expect that whats happening on this mountain top i
38、s happening more generally in the Andes, and other tropical mountain ranges.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，温度上升会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁徙，而这会导致鸟类的灭绝。3How many kinds of birds lived in Peru 30 years ago?AAt least eight bird groups.BMore than 400.COver eight bird groups.DLess than 400.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Thirty years ago, re
39、searchers studied over 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多种鸟类生活在秘鲁。故正确答案为B。4Why did the birds move up the mountain?ATo avoid temperature changes.BTo find more food sources.CTo adapt to extreme temperature.DTo react to the increase of other kinds of animals.A解析：细节理解题。根
40、据第二段第一句“The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes.”可知，它们是为了避开温度的变化。故正确答案为A。5How did Freeman and his team record the sound of birds not easily being seen?AThey had the temperature rise 0.42 degrees Celsius.BThey moved an average of 98 meters further
41、 up the mountain.CThey placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain.DThey kept on listening to the sound happening on this mountain top.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“His team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen.”可知，他们是通过在山上放置20个录音设
42、备来记录那些不容易被看见的鸟类的声音的。故正确答案为C。6What is the main idea of the text?ATwo teams used the same methods to do researches.BScientists documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation.CScientists have been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years.DRising temperature causes some birds in Peru
43、 to become extinct.D解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果，即温度上升会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁徙，而这会导致鸟类的灭绝。D项体现了这项研究的结果，概括了本文的主要内容。故正确答案为D。长难句分析Mark Urban, a biologist at a university, said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.(第二段最后一句) 分析：本句是一个复合
44、句。a biologist at a university是Mark Urban的同位语；this recent study was.是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语；rising temperatures.can lead to.是that引导的宾语从句，作prove的宾语。译文：Mark Urban，一所大学的生物学家，说最近这项研究首次证明，气温上升和为避免高温而进行的迁徙可能会导致物种的灭绝。细节理解题学生用书P143(单独成册)(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019盐城高三二模)Born in the State of New York on May 14th, 1984,
45、Mark Zuckerberg was an instant success. In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the class, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, again picking up high marks and receiving academic praise. It earned him admission to Harvard University.As a rebellious yet re
46、latively quiet student, he created a website called Facemash in the universityan instantly controversial website that encouraged students to rate each other based on appearance.The site was controversial for several reasons. The first was its illegal use of photographs, which the university and stud
47、ents took issue with. The second was its controversial naturenot every student likes being ranked based on their appearance. The third was its huge resource usewhile it was hosted on Harvard servers, it was the most popular page in the universitys entire network.Zuckerberg was soon forced to shut th
48、e site down, but its popularity and controversy had made him consider its future potential. He soon turned the simple site into a personal one for Harvard students, encouraging them to network with their peers at the college. It was then, together with his two friends, that they launched “The Facebo
49、ok”， which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyone could access in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.The company has been criticized frequently, nevertheless, Zuckerberg has remained true to his initial visionto cr
50、eate a website that the entire world can use to communicate openly and easily with one another and to keep the user experience clean and pure. The end result is one of the worlds biggest online businesses.Although its true value is debatable, its safe to say that Facebook, and its creator Mark Zucke
51、rberg, are two of the twentyfirst centurys most influential, controversial, and potentially powerful figures.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Facebook网站的创始人Zuckerberg创建网站的过程以及他努力克服所遇困难的故事。1What can we know about Mark Zuckerberg when he was a student?AHe was often praised by teachers for the website he created.
52、BHe had good academic performance.CHe alone created a website called Facebook.DHe encouraged students to set up business like him.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the class, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, again picking up h
53、igh marks and receiving academic praise.”可知，Mark Zuckerberg在学生时期就有良好的学业表现。故B项正确。 2.Why did Zuckerberg shut the site down?ABecause his website was not popular.BBecause he was doubted for the way he used photographs.CBecause he needed time to reconsider his choice.DBecause he stole resource on Harvard
54、 server.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The first was its illegal use of photographs, which the university and students took issue with.”可知，他关闭该网站的第一个因素就是照片的非法使用。故B项正确。长难句分析It was then, together with his two friends, that they launched “The Facebook”， which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a pu
55、blic service that anyone could access in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.(第四段第三句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。It was.that 构成强调句；which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The Facebook”；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a public service。译文：就在那时，他和两个朋友一起推出了“The Facebook”。Facebook迅速传播到其他大学并发展成为一项公共服务。在美国
56、，任何人都可以使用这一服务，无论是用来与朋友和家人联系，还是玩游戏。BWhile weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions, theres always the risk that youll be caught out while driving in the rain. But the days of having to quickly close your sunroof could soon be a thing of the past thanks to Jaguar Land Rovers latest tec
57、hnology.The firm is developing cars that can adapt automatically by closing windows and roofs or starting the heater if they detect bad weather is on the way. The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure, humidity(湿度) and light sensors(传感器) to help its vehicles predict changes in condit
58、ions and adapt to them. Cars equipped with the system could make slight changes to the air conditioning if it finds the weather is getting warmer during a journey or increase the cabin temperature if it will get colder.The forecast may indicate there is a possibility of one or more weather condition
59、s, such as rain, within a period of time, such as five minutes. The vehicle may then adapt to the local weather conditions. In particular, it may close one or more windows, or close a roof of the vehicle in response to a forecast of rain. Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色
60、的) glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.Although its unclear whether this technology will make its way to a production vehicle anytime soon, such a system would be advantageous on autonomous vehicles. Since theres no human driver present, the system will allow the vehicle to ma
61、ke it comfortable for its passengers, based on current weather conditions. It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术天气预报系统。该系统使用了一整套气压、湿度和光线传感器，帮助车辆预测大气状况的变化并加以适应。3How will Jaguar Land Rovers latest technology benefit drivers?AVehicles can au
62、tomatically drive themselves.BVehicles can find positions and routes themselves.CVehicles can act as mobile weather forecasting stations.DVehicles can open windows and sunroofs automatically.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure, humidity(湿度) and light sensors(
63、传感器) to help its vehicles predict changes in conditions and adapt to them.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技术可以让车辆像可移动的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气状况的变化并加以适应，从而造福于驾驶员。故选C。4What is the feature of the glass of a vehicle with the new technology?AIt can help adjust the temperature.BIt can still be clear in rainy days.CIt is too strong t
64、o break into pieces.DIts colour can change with the sunshine.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.”可知，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光而改变。故选D。5What can we know about the weather forecasting system from the te
65、xt?AIt is intelligent enough to stop raining.BIt makes the driver more comfortable.CIt cant predict the weather accurately.DIt makes autonomous cars safer in bad weather.D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.”可知，天气预报系统会使无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更安全。故选D。6Where
66、might the text be taken from?AA book review.BA science report.CA science fiction. DA travel brochure.B解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术，因此本文最可能出自科学报道。故选B。长难句分析While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions, theres always the risk that youll be caught out while driving in the rain.(第一段
67、第一句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句；youll be caught out while driving in the rain是同位语从句，说明risk的内容。译文：虽然天气预报员可以做出相当准确的预测，但你还会有在雨中开车时会淋雨的风险。C(2019江苏名校高三摸底)The United Nations Climate Change Conference takes place next week in Poland. About 20，000 people from 190 countries are expected to take part in the c
68、onference. There, world leaders will debate how to limit climate changethe weather events linked to slowly rising temperatures on Earth. They will discuss ways to reduce carbon emissions(排放物) and other pollution which, scientists say, can give rise to longterm changes to our planet.For environmental
69、ists, one area of concern is South Americas Amazon rainforest. Brazil holds about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest. It is also the most biodiverse country on Earth, with more than 56，000 species of plants, 1，700 species of birds, 695 amphibians, 578 mammals, and 651 reptiles. Studies have shown t
70、hat the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 percent of Earths oxygen.Scientists wonder whether the rainforest will be protected under Brazils next president, Jair Bolsonaro, who will take office on January 1, 2019. Bolsonaro has said that his coun
71、try should withdraw from the 2015 Paris Agreement. Under the agreement, most nations promised to reduce carbon emissions by 37 percent over 2005 levels by the year 2030. The presidentelect claims a mandate(授权) from voters to develop land for agriculture and other purposes. He said that Brazils rainf
72、orest protection is standing in the way of economic success.Scientists say deforestation is a major reason for climate change. Studies have linked rising temperatures to the destruction of forests. Scientists worry about the future of the Amazon. New Brazilian government records show the speed of de
73、forestation has increased over the past year.Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist at the University of So Paulo, told the Associated Press that it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planets living systems. Some scientists call the Amazon “the lungs of the planet”. T
74、hey liken it to human lungs. Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. The trees also release the oxygen we need to live.The Amazon, the worlds largest rainforest, also creates weather. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots. Then the trees release water vapor
75、 into the air. The vapor forms a thick mist, made up of tiny drops of water. These water particles move up into the clouds and later return to earth as rain. Scientists estimate that the Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall.During the election campaign, Bolsonaro promised to ease prot
76、ection for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native peoples and wildlife. He said the indigenous lands and nature reserves restrict economic growth. “All these reserves cause problems for development，” he said. The presidentelect also talked about taking away the power of Brazils environme
77、ntal ministry to enforce laws for protecting the environment.Paulo Artaxo is a professor of environmental physics at the University of So Paulo. He said that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quicklyand the effects will be felt everywh
78、ere on the planet”However, senatorelect Luiz Carlos Heinze, noted that farmers are not invaders(侵略者), but producers. He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers. “Brazil，” he said, “will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaros years.”Sci
79、entists warn that if the Amazon and other rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall and global climate. Nobre and others estimate that the “tipping” point(引爆点) for the Amazon system is 20 to 25 percent deforestation. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigg
80、er dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，亚马孙热带雨林对整个地球的生态有着举足轻重的作用。其中，约60%的部分位于巴西。而2019年上任的巴西总统Bolsonaro承诺为了发展本国经济将允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，对此很多人感到忧心忡忡。7What does the author say about the Amazon rainforest?AIt is home to more than 56，000 species o
81、f plants.BIt makes up about 60% of Brazils rainforests.CIt creates 30 to 50 percent of the worlds rainfall.DIt supplies about 20 percent of the oxygen to Earth.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 perce
82、nt of Earths oxygen”可知，亚马孙热带雨林为地球供应大约20%的氧气。故选D。8Why does Bolsonaro want to withdraw Brazil from the 2015 Paris Agreement?ABecause he thinks it impossible to achieve.BBecause it is against his promises to his voters.CBecause he thinks it will sacrifice Brazils economy.DBecause it will influence Braz
83、ils rainforest protection.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的亚马孙热带雨林具有吸收二氧化碳和释放氧气的重要作用和第三段中的“Bolsonaro has said that his country should withdraw.He said that Brazils rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success”可知，Bolsonaro想让巴西退出巴黎协定是因为这一协定要求巴西减少二氧化碳的排放，这就意味着巴西要保护好其境内的热带雨林，但Bolsonaro认为这种保护会阻碍巴西经
84、济的发展。故选C。9Which of the following statements may Carlos Nobre agree with?AThe significance of rainforests is to be reevaluated.BThe value of rainforests can not be overemphasized.CIts unwise for Brazil to quit the 2015 Paris Agreement.DIts wrong to link rainforests to the planets living systems.B解析：细
85、节理解题。根据第五段中的“it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planets living systems”可知，Carlos Nobre认为热带雨林对地球生命系统非常重要。故选B。10What is Luiz Carlos Heinzes attitude to Bolsonaros campaign promises?ADoubtful. BCritical.CFavorable. DConcerned.C解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“He blamed the
86、 past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers. Brazil， he said, will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaros years.”可知，Luiz Carlos Heinze责备先前的巴西政府为了保护热带雨林地区而牺牲了农民的利益，而且他认为在Bolsonaro执政期间，巴西会成为地球上最大的农业国家。由此可推知，他对Bolsonaro的承诺是持赞同态度的。故选C。11What will probab
87、ly happen if Bolsonaros promises are carried out?ANative peoples shelters will no longer be protected.BBrazil will surely see a rapid increase in its economy.CLaws to protect the environment will be strengthened.DGlobal warming will worsen because of deforestation.D解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“if Bolsonaro ke
88、eps his campaign promises, then deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quicklyand the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet”和最后一段中的“Scientists warn that.global climate.”可知，如果Bolsonaro信守了他的承诺，即为了发展巴西的农业经济，允许农民砍伐更多的树木，这可能会导致亚马孙的森林砍伐量迅速增加，进而对全球气候产生影响，使全球变暖问题恶化。故选D。12Which is the mos
89、t suitable title for this passage?AAre Brazils Rainforests in Danger?BWhat Threats the Amazon Rainforest?CWhy Is the Amazon Rainforest Important?DWill Brazils Rainforests Survive Climate Change?A解析：标题归纳题。文章重点讲述2019年上任的巴西总统Bolsonaro承诺为了发展巴西本国的经济要退出巴黎协定，允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，这会对全球气候产生恶劣影响。因此很多人对此感到担忧。故A项“巴西的热带雨林处于危险之中吗？”作本文标题最佳。