1、UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点描写人物的悲与忧一、多样表达1tear n.常用复眼泪，泪珠2grief n. 悲痛3sorrow n. 悲痛； 忧伤4sadness n. 悲伤， 忧愁5pain n. 痛苦6sob v. 啜泣，抽噎7desperate adj. 绝望的；无望的8a broken spirit 意志消沉9cry one s heart out 悲痛欲绝10with a heavy heart 怀着沉重的心情11be down in spirits 情绪低落12fall into despair 陷入绝望13a strong se
2、nse of loss 强烈的失落感14make ones heart bleed 使某人悲痛二、佳句观摩1He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks.他静静地站着，眼泪顺着面颊流了下来。2Hearing the news, so desperate was he that he drowned sadness in wine.听到这个消息，他绝望地借酒浇愁。3She burst into tears and ran out of the room.她突然哭了起来， 跑出了房间。4His lip started to tremble and
3、 then he started to cry.他的嘴唇开始颤抖，然后哭了起来。5Bill fought back tears and tried to comfort Sarahs mother.比尔抑制住泪水，并试图安慰桑拉的母亲。6His face was cast a cloud of gloom after hearing this news.听到这个消息后，他的脸上蒙上了一层阴云。三、佳句仿写1There were tears_in_her_eyes,_but her voice was steady.她眼里含着泪水，但声音依然很稳定。2She sobbed, hiding_her
4、_face_in_her_hands她掩面哭泣。3Her hands were shaking and she was_on_the_point_of_crying她的手在颤抖，她快要哭了。4He sighed_with_despair at the thought of all the opportunities he had missed.一想到他错过的所有机会，他绝望地叹了口气。5In those days he was in_low_spirits在那些日子里他情绪低落。.阅读理解A语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然宇宙探索水星Mercury (水星) is the closest pla
5、net to the sun. It is a planet slightly larger than the Earths moon. It is covered with craters. Some craters have ice in them，even though the planet is hot. Sunlight never touches some parts of it because of the planets special position. Without air，there are great temperature differences between t
6、he coldest and hottest parts. Mercury days are so long that there are big differences between temperatures on the daylight side and the night side.Mercury was probably created billions of years ago，when big rocks ran into each other. After these accidents，the planet was frequently visited by meteori
7、tes (陨石) for several hundred million years. There were also many volcanic eruptions. As the planet cooled，the thin，rocky outside shell was reduced in the diameter (直径) by about 3 kilometers.The Caloris Basin is one of the largest craters on Mercury. This big crater is 1，300 kilometers wide and was f
8、ormed when a large rock，about 100 kilometers across，knocked the surface. Beethoven，another large crater，is 643 kilometers across.The cliffs on Mercury are up to 2 kilometers high and hundreds of kilometers long. The cliffs were formed when the thin surface fell apart，as volcanic activity slowed down
9、 and Mercury became cooler.One Mercury day lasts about 59 Earth days. Mercury takes about 88 Earth days to have a complete year，instead of the 365 days that we have on the Earth. Mercury speeds around the sun so that there are about three Mercury days every two Mercury years! Mercury has a strange r
10、elationship with the Earth. Every 117 days，when Mercury is closest to the Earth，it always has the same side facing us.Mariner 10 is the only spacecraft to visit Mercury. It made three visits to Mercury in the 1970s，taking photos of many cliffs and craters. Although the first three visits answered ma
11、ny questions，they have raised others.文章大意：本文主要介绍了水星的温度、地貌以及自转与公转等相关情况。1What is the surface of Mercury like?AIts generally flat.BIts hot everywhere.CIts bright everywhere.DIts cold in some parts.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段第四句“Some craters have ice in them，even though the planet is hot.”及第六句“Without air，there ar
12、e great temperature differences between the coldest and hottest parts.”可知，水星上不同区域的温度有很大的差别，有些地方冷，有些地方热。故选D。2Why did Mercurys diameter get smaller?ABecause a drop in temperature changed its size.BBecause a great many meteorites ran into it.CBecause it got out of shape as time passed.DBecause lots of
13、surface rocks fell off.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“As the planet cooled，the thin，rocky outside shell was reduced in the diameter(直径)by about 3 kilometers.”可知，随着水星的冷却，它的直径减少了约3千米。由此可知，水星的直径变小是温度的下降引起的。故选A。3What do we know about Mercury?AOne Mercury day lasts about 88 Earth days.BIt turns around the sun fast
14、er than the Earth.CSix Mercury days are two Mercury years.DIt has more cliffs than large craters.解析：B考查推理判断。根据第五段第二句“Mercury takes about 88 Earth days to have a complete year，instead of the 365 days that we have on the Earth.”可知，水星大约需要88个地球日就有完整的一年，而不是我们在地球上所需要的365天。由此可推知，水星绕太阳公转的速度比地球快，故选B。4What ha
15、ppened after Mariner 10s three visits to Mercury?AAnother spacecraft visited Mercury.BNew cliffs and craters were formed.CNew signs of volcanic activity appeared.DLots of new puzzles needed to be solved.解析：D考查细节理解。根据最后一段第三句“Although the first three visits answered many questions，they have raised oth
16、ers.”可知，尽管水手10号探测器的前三次探测回答了许多疑问，但它们也提出了其他疑问。故选D。B语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我个人经历有关自然科学学习的新认识If there was a subject at school that made me anxious，it was science.Maybe thats because in my tenth grade，I couldnt understand my physics teachers instructions，causing me to accidentally set fire to the classroom.So，whe
17、n my husband and I decided to homeschool our daughters，we made a deal：he would teach science，while I would handle everything else.But thats not how things have been going these past few weeks，since my husband has been too busy to teach the girls.Recently，while out on my morning hike before starting
18、lessons，I noticed that the sky was a beautiful blue，and the air was filled with the sweet smell of flowers.Thats why I decided that the days lessons would be taught outside，although I remembered that my daughters hadnt had any science classes from my husband for a while.I returned to the house to ge
19、t the girls ready.We headed up into the forest，settling ourselves by a pond that rarely has any visitors.My daughter Saoirse started to pick up pondweed and catch frogs，while my other daughter Ula looked at me，waiting to be instructed.I handed her a drawing board and colored pencils.“We wait，”I told
20、 her，“and see if something comes along.In the meantime，just draw whats around you.”We worked for more than an hour，hardly speaking.A bird flew across the water，and then settled in front of a fallen tree.I quickly told Ula，worrying that shed not seen the creature.But she had，and she started drawing i
21、tAn hour later，she finished her picture and I stared down at it.She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy.But there was one other interesting fact about this drawing：she also drew me，sitting beside her.I realized，as I stared at this childs drawing of us watching a bird，how Id lived for 40
22、 years，received 10 years of higher education，and never understood the foundation of science before this moment.The foundation of science is a sense of wonder; it isnt about accurately reciting words from a textbook.It is first and foremost about stepping outside our busy lives and being amazed at th
23、e world around us.文章大意：上学的时候，作者总是对自然科学感到担心，然而成年后和女儿们一起到户外学习的经历使作者认识到：学习自然科学的基础是对外界的好奇心。5How did the author feel about science when in school?AShe was nervous about it.BShe was fond of it.CShe was confused about it.DShe was eager for it.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段，尤其是第一句“If there was a subject at school that ma
24、de me anxious，it was science.”可知，作者在上学时对学习自然科学感到焦虑。6The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to“_”Athe fallen treeBthe forestCthe birdDthe picture解析：C考查代词指代。根据第四段第二、三句“A bird flew across the water.worrying that shed not seen the creature.”可知，一只鸟飞过水面，然后停留在一棵倒下的树前，作者赶紧告诉Ula，担心她没有看到那只鸟，并结合画线词所在句中
25、的“But she had”可知，她看到了那只鸟并开始画它，故代词it指代那只鸟。7Which of the following best describes Ula?AShes very outgoing.BShes good at observing.CShes very hardworking.DShe shares interests with her sister.解析：B考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy.But there was one other interesting fac
26、t about this drawing：she also drew me，sitting beside her.”可知，Ula以惊人的准确性在纸上画了那只鸟，而且还画了坐在她旁边的作者，由此可推知，Ula擅长观察。8What is the foundation of science in the authors opinion?AAttention to accuracy.BCuriosity about the outside world.CDetermination to find out the truth.DThe ability to understand teachers ins
27、tructions.解析：B考查观点态度。根据第五段的内容，尤其是第二句中的“The foundation of science is a sense of wonder”以及尾句中的“being amazed at the world around us”可知，作者认为学习自然科学的基础是对外界的好奇心。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会研究发现幸福与年龄的关系研究Are people less or more happy when they get older？A study in 2018 found that people generally become happier and
28、experience less worry after age 50.In fact，it found that by the age of 85，people are happier with their life than they were at 18.Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study.His team found that levels of stress were the high
29、est among adults between the ages of 22 and 25.1._Happiness was the highest among the youngest adults and those in their early 70s.But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their 70s and 80s.The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns
30、as they grow older.2._The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children，being unemployed or being single.But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and wellbeing related to age.3_ One theory is that，as people get older，they become mo
31、re thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions.They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.4_ In another study，people in their 80s reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep.The original goal was to confirm the popular belief that aging is con
32、nected with increased sleep problems.5._ But except for that，people reported that they felt their sleep quality improved as they got older.ASo why will happiness increase with age?BResearchers surveyed more than 150，000 American adults.CAt that time，the people were between the ages of 18 and 85.DStr
33、ess levels dropped sharply after people reached their 50s.EHappiness is not the only thing that apparently improves with age.FThe survey did find an increase during middle age，especially in women.GHowever，women at all ages reported more sadness，stress and worry than men.文章大意：随着年龄的增长，人们是变得更幸福还是不那么幸福了
34、呢？2018 年的一项研究发现，通常人们在50岁之后，会变得更幸福且体会到较少的忧虑。1解析：D根据空前一句中的“levels of stress”可推知，该空应是进一步陈述压力水平和年龄之间的关系，故D项与此处匹配。2解析：G根据空前一句中的“men and women have similar emotional patterns”可知，男性和女性有类似的情感模式，由此可推知，空处应是接着陈述男性和女性的情感模式的相似之处或差异性，又结合选项可知，G项与此处匹配。3解析：A根据空后的“One theory is that”和语境可推知，该空应是一个问句，又结合本段分析的是幸福随着人们年龄的
35、增长而增长的原因可推知，A项符合语境。4解析：E本段主要表述睡眠质量随着人们年龄的增长而有所提高，该空处所在位置承上启下，上段叙述幸福与年龄之间的关系，故E项与此处匹配。5解析：F根据本段中的“In another study”并结合空处前后句表述的年龄增长与睡眠问题的关系可推知，F项符合语境。.语法填空语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然环境保护塑料银行David Katz was upset by all the plastic going into the ocean.To help solve the problem，he had a 1._(create) ideato treat pla
36、stic like money.Mr.Katz calls his idea the “Plastic Bank”The goal of the Plastic Bank is to use plastic to help people solve the problems 2._(gradual).The Plastic Bank adds a value to plastic waste by paying people to recycle it.The program began in 2015 in Haiti，a poor island nation with many 3._(p
37、roblem) of waste plastic.The Plastic Bank has 30 “markets” in Haiti.At the Plastic Bank markets，people can exchange the plastic theyve collected for 4._ they need.The Plastic Bank markets sell lots of things that local people need.The stores also allow plastic collectors to use the money they earn t
38、o pay 5._ health care or school.To make sure that the plastic 6._(recycle)，the Plastic Bank works with partners，who agree 7._(use)the plastic that is collected.When customers buy these products，which are labeled “ Social Plastic”，they know that they are both helping people in other parts of the worl
39、d 8._ keeping plastic out of the ocean.So far，the Plastic Bank 9._ (keep) about 7 million pounds of plastic out of the ocean.It makes a great 10._(contribute) to the ocean.文章大意：David Katz对被扔进海洋的塑料感到烦恼，为了帮助解决这个问题，他想出了一个创造性的想法塑料银行，即像对待钱一样对待塑料。本文介绍了塑料银行的创立、运行机制以及其影响。1解析：creative考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词ide
40、a，应用形容词形式，所以填creative。2解析：gradually考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词solve，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填gradually。3解析：problems考查名词的单复数。problem为可数名词，空处被many修饰，故此处应用名词复数，所以填problems。4解析：what考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作need的宾语，表示“的事物”，所以填what。5解析：for考查介词。pay for sth.“为付款”是固定用法，所以填介词for。6解析：is recycled考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处
41、为客观描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子成分可知，空处为句子的谓语，与句子主语the plastic构成被动关系，故用被动结构，即bedone，又主语为单数形式，所以填is recycled。7解析：to use考查固定用法。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”是固定用法，故填to use。8解析：and考查连词。根据该句中的“both”可知，此处考查both.and.“不仅而且”固定搭配，故用连词and。9解析：has kept考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语So far可知，空处应用现在完成时形式，即have/hasdone，另句子的主语the Plastic Bank是单数形式，所以填has kept。10解析：contribution考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词make的宾语，被冠词a和形容词great修饰，应用名词单数形式，所以填contribution。8
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