1、 第四学时 Grammar 语法精讲定语从句（1)【观察领悟】观察下列句子，体会定语从句的用法。1A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals.2The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400，000.3Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as
2、 strong as the first one shook Tangshan.4The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.5Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had beendestroyed.6The boys who are playing football are from Class One.7The girl whose father had given us a report got first.8T
3、he girl whom I called just now is from America.【自我归纳】1例句1、3的关系词分别为_和_，其先行词皆为物，可以互换。2例句2、4和6的关系词皆为_，其先行词为_、_和_。3例句5、7的关系词为_，在定语从句中作定语。4例句8的关系词为_，在定语从句中作宾语。thatwhichwhopeoplethosethe boyswhose whom一、定义及分类在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词(who；whom；whose；which；that；as)和关系副词(wh
4、en；where；why)。关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、引导限制性定语从句的关系代词The man who/that is talking with my father is a teacher.正和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。Guilin is a city which/that has a history of 2，000 years.桂林是一座拥有2 000年历史的城市。The man(whom)you met just now is my father.你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。Nobody wants the house whose roo
5、f has fallen in.没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。注意：(1)关系代词that既可指人也可指物。有时可与关系代词which/who/whom互换，但是当which，whom放在介词的后面作宾语时，不能与that互换。(6)as引导定语从句，可构成the same.as，such.as结构。三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词以及先行词被这些词修饰时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。2先行词被形容词最高级或序
6、数词修饰时。This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.这是我曾经见过的最大的船。3当先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。This is the very book that I am looking for.这正是我要找的那本书。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。Who is the boy th
7、at shook hands with you just now?刚才和你握手的男孩是谁？6当先行词在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不再是过去那个样子了。跟踪练习一、从who，whom，which，that，whose中选择恰当的词填入下列句子1Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?2Some countries _names I had never heard of before were shown
8、on the map.3Anyone _failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.that/whichwhosewho/that4All _we need is enough rest after long hours work.5We dont know the number of people _lost their homes in the disaster.6Tom is the boy _mother is our maths teacher.7A dictionary is a book _ gives
9、 the meanings of words.8This is the very plan for the summer holiday _was suggested by his cousin.thatwho/thatwhosethat/whichthat 9Do you know the man_the little girl is turning to for help?10The family _members are all music lovers hasmoved to their new house.二、对比练习请在下列各句中填入适当的关联词。whomwhose2.3.whos
10、ewhich thatwhomwhatthatitwhich三、将下列句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句1The brush is mine.He has taken it away._2The man is our geography teacher.You saw him in the park._The brush(that/which)he has taken away is mine.The man(whom/who/that)you saw in the park is ourgeography teacher.3The students will not pass the exami
11、nation.They dont study hard._4I want to talk to the boys.Their homework hasnt been handed in._5The film was quite moving.I saw the film last night._The students who/that dont study hard will not pass_the examination.I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasnt been handed in.The film that/which I
12、 saw last night was quite moving.四、将下列句子译成英语1你知道现在正和你爸爸交谈的那个人是谁吗？_2那个眼睛是蓝色的女孩来自英国。_3所需的只是供油问题。_Do you know the man who was talking with your father?The girl whose eyes are blue is from England.All that is needed is supply of oil.4他是这个学校里唯一一个懂法语的老师。_5大门的两侧坐落着两头石狮子。_五、语法填空Tom，1._is a primary student,i
13、s having supper at the new table2._ his father bought only this morning.A little white dog.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French.There are two stone lions that are sitting on each side of the gate.whowhich/that3._name is Maomao is sitting beside him.It is waiting for food 4._ Tom gives
14、 to it from time to time.Suddenly,Toms mother，beside 5._lies a yellow cat,says,“Tom,have you seen the book 6._ I bought last week in the bookstore where your aunt works?I7._(write)the date on it when Ill have to pay the bills to the bank.”Smiling,Tom looks down at Maomao，8._is sitting on the right b
15、ook now.He says 9._(soft),“Run away from the book 10._ mother is looking for,or shell punish you.”whosewhich/thatwhomwhich/that wrote whichsoftlywhich/that六、单句改错1The man whom is standing at the door is my English teacher._2Do you know the girl whose we met in the street?_3The book who I bought yesterday is worth reading._whomwho/thatwhosewhomwhothat/which4The building that roof we can see from here is a hotel._5This is the best film which I have ever seen._thatwhosewhichthat