1、主从复合句熟读深思朗读下列各句, 并思考划线的从句在全句中作什么成分。1.What he did made me extremely disappointed.他所做的事使我极度失望。（ ） 2.Whether(不用if) we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.明天是否去野餐要看天气而定。（ ）3.My suggestion is that we should turn the land into rice fields.我的建议是: 我们应当把那片地变成稻田。（ ）4.He said that he got up late
2、 and that he was late for class.他说他起迟了并且上课迟到了。（ ）5.She has made it clear that she will get married next month.她很清楚地表明将于下周结婚。（ ）6.Our success depends on whether(不用if) everyone works hard. 我们的成功取决于大家是否努力。（ ）7.Let me know whether(不用if) or not you can come.告诉我你能不能来。（ ）8.The fact that he tells lies all t
3、he time makes me surprised. 他一直说谎这个事实使我感到惊讶。（ ）9.She took the advice that she wait till next week.她采纳了要她等到下周这个建议。（ ）Keys: 1. 主语2主语3. 表语4. 宾语5. 宾语6. 宾语7. 宾语8. 同位语9. 同位语归纳总结1.定义：名词性从句, 顾名思义, 其用法相当于一个名词的用法, 在句中可用主语、表语、同位语、宾语, 分别叫做主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句。2.引导词：that没有任何意义, 不作任何句子成分, 只起连接作用, 故常可省略；if/whether
4、 有“是否” 之意；who, which, what, when, where, how, whoever(凡是的人)等连接代词或连接副词, 这些词本身有词义, 也作句子成分, 连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，连接副词在从句中作状语。3.几点注意：主语从句作主语, 主句谓语动词通常用单数; 为使句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语。表语从句还可以用as if, as though引导。 表示“是否”, 引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或直接与or not连用时, 只能用whether引导(如6和7); 引导表语从句、同位语从句或位于句首的主语从句时, 只能用whether，不用
5、if(如2)。同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea， promise，suggestion，advice 等抽象名词之后, 说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容。多用that引导，不能由which引导(如8和9)。当宾语从句又带有补语时，要用it作形式宾语(如5)。在表示“建议” “命令” “要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand, request等词后的名词性从句，其谓语通常用“(should)动词原形” (如3)。that引导名词性从句时, 没有任何意义, 也不作任何句子成分; 但that引导定语从句时,它代表先行词, 且在从句中作主
6、语、宾语或表语。如：I still remember the promise that he made.我依然记得他许下的诺言。(是定语从句)The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise.那个淘气的孩子保证说他以后再也不吵闹了。(同位语从句)what可引导名词性从句但不能引导定语从句。what引导名词性从句, 有时相当于“the +名词that”, 表示“(所)的”。又如, What (=The thing that) you said was right.你所说的是正确的。状语从句熟读深思1.The plane
7、 had left when we got to the airport. 当我们到达机场时, 飞机已经飞走了。(不用while)2.As time passed, the event became more and more popular.随着时间推移，这项赛事变得越来越受欢迎。(不用when或while)3.When winter comes, it becomes cold. 每当冬天来临, 天就变冷。(不用as或while)4.When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 当你完成工作后, 你可以休息。(不用as或whi
8、le)5.Please write while I read.我读的时候,请写下来。(不用as或when)6.The moment I saw him, I recognized him.我一看到他, 就认出了他。8.Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了, 就开始开会吧。9.As shes been ill, perhaps shell need some help.由于病了,她可能需要些帮助。10.If you will go with me, Ill wait for you. 如果你愿意跟我去, 我就等你。11.H
9、e wont succeed unless he works hard. 除非下苦功夫, 否则他是不会成功的。12.I left at 6：00 so that/in order that I could catch the train.为了赶上火车, 我六点就出门了。13.It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming.天气太热，我们想去游泳。14.Hard as/though they tried (=Although/Though they tried hard), they couldnt make her change her mind.尽管他
10、们做了很大努力, 却没法让她改变主意。15.The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想象的那么困难。16.Do as I told you to.按我告诉你的那样做。归纳总结1.引导状语从句的从属连词：类型从 属 连 词时间状语从句when(当时)， while(在期间)， as(随着，一边一边)， before， after， since，till/until， whenever，as soon as， the moment等原因状语从句because(因为)， as(由于)， since(既然)， now(that)(既然)，
11、seeing(that)(由于, 鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到)， given(that)等条件状语从句if， unless， as/so long as(只要)， supposing/ provided/ providing (that)(假如)等目的状语从句so that， in order that， in case， lest(免得，以防)等结果状语从句so that(以致，结果)，so/such.that等地点状语从句where(在的地方)， wherever(在的任何地方)等比较状语从句(as.)as，(not as/so.)as， than等方式状语从句
12、as(按照，像那样)，as if或as though(好像)等让步状语从句although， though， as， while(虽然)， even if/though(即使)，whatever， wherever， however，whenever(=no matter when无论何时)， whether.or.(无论还是)2. 用法要点提示：在时间状语或条件状语从句中, 通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 用现在完成时代替将来完成时。辨析：when，while，as引导时间状语从句。while必须与延续性动词连用；强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时, 只能用while(如5); 表示“
13、随着” 只能用as (如2); 表示有规律的“每当” 时或主句动作与从句动作有先后时, 只能用when(如3和4)。辨析：because， since， as引导原因状语从句。because语气最强，表示直接的原因，是说话人认为对方不知道的原因，它引导的从句通常位于主句之后；在回答why时，或者在强调结构中，只能用because(如7)。since和as是对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景，它们引导的从句多位于主句前，有时也位于主句后。as引导让步状语从句时, 从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首(如14); though引导让步状语从句, 这些成分可置于句首也可用正常语序; 但although等
14、其它词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置。表示“虽然” 的连词不能与表示“但是” 的连词but连用；表示“原因” 的because等连词不可与表示结果的连词so等同时使用。定语从句熟读深思朗读下列句子, 注意体会定语从句的用法。1.This is the man who helped me yesterday.这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语)2.The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.你要见的老师来了。(作see的宾语, 可以省略)3.I met a boy whose father was a astronaut.我认
15、识一位男孩, 他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语)4.I like the book which/that was bought yesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。5.This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited的宾语, 可以省略)6.He has a book whose cover(=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。7.Last night I saw a very good film, which (不用t
16、hat) was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常优秀的影片, 这部影片是关于二战的。8.Charles Smith, who(不用that) was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师。9.We must help those who(不用that) need help.我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。10.All that(不用which) can be done has been done.能做的都已经做了。11.This is the best that(不用which
17、) has been used against pollution.这是用来防止污染的最好办法。12.They often talk about the people and the things that(不用that) they are interested in.他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。13.The time when (=at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候,是我一生中非常艰难的时期。14.The school where(=at/
18、in which) I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home. 我读过书的那所学校离我家有三公里远。15.The reason why(=for which) he was late was that he missed his train. 他迟到是因为误了火车。16.Dont forget the time (that/which) Ive told you.别忘了我告诉你的时间。17.The earthquake was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers a
19、way. 两百公里以外的北京市都感到了地震。18.The room whose window faces south is mine.那间窗子朝南开的房间是我的。19.Thats the reasons (that/which) he explained to us.这就是他向我们解释的理由。归纳总结1.定义：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面，这个名词叫做先行词；连接主句与从句的词叫关系词。2.关系词有三个作用：一是连接主句与从句；二是指代先行词；三是在从句中充当句子成分。3.选择关系词的两条重要依据：先行词是人还是物？在从句中作何种句子成分？先行词人物作主语who/thatwhich/
20、that作宾语who(m)/that作定语whosewhose/of which作状语时间when地点wherereason后whyway后that/in which/-在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。在非限制性定语从句中, 或者当先行词是指人的those，anyone，everyone，people， he，all，few，one (s)等时, 不能用that引导。以下情况下一般用that：当先行词是指物的all，little，few， much，any，anything，everything， nothing，none the
21、 one时, 或先行词被all，little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时；先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、最高级形容词及the only，the very等修饰时；先行词包括人和物时；当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等, 且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时, 就分别用when、where、why来引导定语从句。另外，when, where, why一般可用“介词+which” 替代, 其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。特别提醒：当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时, 不一
22、定填关系副词when, where, why, 只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时, 才会用关系副词, 否则要用关系代词。“介词+关系代词(whom/which)”引导的定语从句熟读深思1.Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music？2.They may start as a group of high school students, for whom practis
23、ing their music in someones house is the first step to fame.3.Later, they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.4.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.5.However, after a year or so in wh
24、ich they became more serious about their work.6.The man with whom my father is talking now is a policeman.= The man (who/whom/)my father is talking with now is a policeman.归纳总结1.在“介词+关系代词” 中, 先行词指人时只能用_, 先行词指物时只能用 _; 但当介词不直接放在关系代词前面, 而位于定词从句末尾时, 先行指人时关系代词可以用_/_/_；先行指物时，关系代词可以用_/_,这时这些关系代词往往可以省略。Keys
25、: whom，which，who, whom, that, which, that2. 研析句3(pay.for.)可知, 介词由定语从句中的 _与介词的搭配关系来确定。由句1和句5可知, 介词由定语从句中的 _ 来确定；有时需要根据全句的意思, 综合考虑才能确定。Keys: 谓语动词，先行词which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别熟读深思 熟读下列句子。1.As is known to us all, the earth moves round the sun.从所周知, 地球是围绕太阳运动的.2.David, as you know, is a photographer.戴维是个摄影师，
26、你是知道的。(不可用which)3.Li Ming is late, as is often the case.李明迟到了, 这是经常发生的。(可用which)4.Li Ming was late, which(=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry.李明迟到了,这使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)5.He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了, 这是出乎意料的。(不可用as)归纳总结当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时,这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或 as来引导。两者的区别在于：1.which引导的定语从句只
27、能位于主句后,而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后；2.which常译作“这”; 而as常译作“正如”,且多与see, expect, imagine, know, hope等动词连用；3.在定语从句中作主语时, 若用as, 其谓语部分一般有be; 若谓语是不含be的行为动词时, 要用which。4.as 引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制；5.as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case (这是常有的事), as we expected(不出所料); as often happens(正如经常发生的那样); as is known t
28、o all (众所周知); as has been said before (如上所述); as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等等。主从复合句与广东高考主从复合句是广东高考语法填空的必考点，也是写作中必用的表达手段。解题方法: 当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子), 且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，应填关联词; 若其中一个句子是作整个句子的一个成分，如定语、状语(如时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等)，或者主语、宾语、表语、同位语等时，就要填引导从句的关联词。根据一个句子在整个句子中所作句子成分确定从句类型后, 就根据该类从句的关联词的使用特点确定具体的关联词。请
29、根据以上技巧, 完成以下与主从复合句相关的历年高考试题。1.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 _the bus arrived.2.Behind him were other people to _ 21 he was trying to talk, .3.We understand this lesson best _we receive gifts of love from children.4.He filled his leather container so that he could bring s
30、ome back to an elder _ had been his teacher. 5.Jane paused in front of a counter _some attractive ties were on display.6.One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.7.The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to
31、a small town some 20 kilometers away _ there was a garage.8. .I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 _ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.灵活运用1. Before a problem can be sol
32、ved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is.2. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.3. It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.4. Im afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything
33、.5. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. 6. It is not always easy for the public to see _use a new invention can be of to human life.7. I want to be liked and loved for _I am inside. 8. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ i
34、t was rather closely modeled on his own life.9._ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.10. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.11.Have you finished the book？ No. Ive read up to _the children discover the secret ca
35、ve.12. It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 13. _ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.14. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _we are to shake hands with.15. It was April 29, 2001 _ Prince Willia
36、m and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.16. As it reported, it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded.17._regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.18._ they decide which college to go to, students should resear
37、ch the admission procedures.19. The girl had hardly rung the bell _ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 20. The old man asked Lucy to move to another _chair he wanted to sit next to his wife.21. The little boy wont go to sleep _his mother tells him a story. 22. John
38、 thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.23. _ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. 24. _ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.25. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep
39、 for two or three weeks. 26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, made all the others upset.27. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.28.The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.29. The
40、 school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.30. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ were built close to each other.31. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. 32. Ive become good friends wi
41、th several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year.33. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.34. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.35. I refuse to ac
42、cept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. 36. All _ glitters is not good.37. This is the boy _ mother is a teacher. 38. Ill never forget the day _ I spent my holiday in Hawaii.39. Ill never forget the day _ I spent there. 39. Ill never forget the day _ I spent there.40. The school _ I
43、learned English was very large. 41. The school _ I visited yesterday was very large.42. Can you tell me the reason _you were absent today？43. The reason _ he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to.44. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it som
44、ewhat differently. 45.The newly built caf, the walls of _are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.46. The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city.47. The day _ he was born on is October
45、10th.48. She was educated at Beijing university, _which she went to have her advanced study abroad. 49. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ whom she could turn for help.50. I have many friends, _ whom some are businessmen. 51. The girl _ whom my father is talking at the school gate i
46、s my elder sister.52. They will visit the farm _ _ which my brother works.53. Water is very important for us, _ which we cant live.54. I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care, _ told me it would be useless, but when I looked into yours, I saw kindness. 55. _ is often the case, we have work
47、ed out the production plan.56. _ _ is mentioned above, paper is first made in China. 57.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him.58. _ _is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 59. The result of th
48、e experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected.60. _ _is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 二、写作运用暑假即将来临, 你校于上周就“高中生是否应参加暑期补习班”对3000名学生进行了一次调查。以下是调查情况：39%的同学支持原因：补习班能帮他们拓宽视野。61%的同学反对原因：他们需要更多时间放松自己。实际情况更多学生更喜欢一个自由的暑假，这样的暑假让他们能与朋友玩乐。我的观点我需要在暑假期间好好休息。根据以上表格, 写一篇短文, 包括以下内
49、容：1. 调查时间, 地点, 内容以及调查对象；2. 认为应该的学生比例及原因；3. 反对的学生比例及原因；4. 调查反映出的事实；5. 你的观点。主从复合句与广东高考练习答案请根据以上技巧, 完成以下与主从复合句相关的历年高考试题。1.填 until，空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 由两句之间的逻辑关系可知, 是“等到车来”, 表示“直到”用until, 引导时间状语从句。2.填whom，空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 后面一句应当这样理解he was trying to talk to the people, 可见,后面一句是定语从句
50、, 先行词是people, 直接在介词后应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。3.填When，引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。4.填who，引导定语从句并在从句中作主语, 先行词是表示人的an elder, 故填who。5.填 where，因两句之间没有连词, 必定是填连词；后句是定语从句, 要填的词在从句中作地点状语, 故填关系副词where。6.填that，引导同位语从句, 说明idea的具体同内容; 从句的结构和意义完整, 用that引导。7.填where，先行词是a small town, 并在定语从句中作状语, 用where (=in which)引导定语从句。注意, 先行词与定语从句之
51、间被some 20 kilometers away隔开了。8.填who，因as to(关于)是介词, 其后应接宾语; 由should have.可知，as to后是宾语从句, 宾语从句中should have是谓语, 前面缺主语; 由常识可知“有幸接待我”的应是人, 故用who引导宾语从句灵活运用答案1. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem itself is.在此引导主语从句, 同时它在主语从句中用作表语。句意为: 在解决一个问题之前，必须要弄明白问题本身是什么。2. It was never
52、 clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.根据主句句意可知。句意为：这个人为什么没有更早报告事故从未被弄明白。3. It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.根据句末的or not可知。whether引导的是主语从句(句首的it为形式主语)。句意为：老车站是否会被一家现代化的宾馆取代还在讨论中。4. Im afraid he is more of a talker t
53、han a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.引导表语从句, 用以解释he never finishes anything的原因。5. The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 在此引导宾语从句, 同时它在宾语从句中修饰terrible problems, 并与terrible problems一样用作动词face的宾语。句意为：这条令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们会面临多么可怕的问题。6. It is not always easy fo
54、r the public to see what use a new invention can be of to human life.在此引导宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中用作定语, 修饰use。 7. I want to be liked and loved for _ what I am inside. 引导宾语从句并在宾语从句中用作表语。句意为：我想因为自己内在的东西而受人喜欢和热爱。8.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it was rather clo
55、sely modeled on his own life.固定句式：The reason (for/why.) is that.(的原因是)中的that引导表语从句。9. What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.引导主语从句并在主语从句中作动词regard的宾语, 相当于the thing that。句意为：被一些人视为不利因素的东西在另外许多人看来则是有利的因素。10. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in t
56、he office knew _why she was so angry.引导宾语从句，表示“的原因”“为什么”, 用why。句意是: 没有人知道他如此生气的原因。 11. Have you finished the book？ No. Ive read up to _where the children discover the secret cave.引导宾语从句, 用作介词to的宾语, 其意为“的地方”。12. It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 引导主语
57、从句, 句首的it为形式主语。句型It never occurred to me that.的意思是“我从来没有想到”。13. While/Although all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.在此表示“虽然”“尽管”。句意为: 尽管他们所有的人都是很强的候选人, 但这个职位只选一个。14. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.在此引导
58、让步状语从句, 与no matter who同义, 句意为：为了表示礼貌, 无论我们与谁握手, 我们通常都要摘下手套。15. It was April 29, 2001 when Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.此题很容易误解为强调句型。事实上, 此题是考查when引导的时间状语从句, 句式为“It is (was) + 时间 + when从句”, 其字面意思是“当的时候, 时间是”。 16. As it reported, it is 100 years
59、 since Qinghua University was founded.根据主句的一般现在时(is)和从句的一般过去时(was founded)可知, 只有since适合这类句式, 表示“自以来有多长时间了”。 17. Unless regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.本题意为：除非定期的锻炼非常重要，否则在太靠近上床睡觉的时间进行锻炼不是个好主意。18. Once they decide which college to go to, stud
60、ents should research the admission procedures.引导状语从句，表示“一旦”。19. The girl had hardly rung the bell when the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 因hardly.when.是固定句式, 表示“刚就”。20. The old man asked Lucy to move to another _ because chair he wanted to sit next to his wife.引导原因
61、状语从句。21. The little boy wont go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story. 引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”，用unless。22. John thinks it wont be long _before he is ready for his new job.固定句式：it wont be long before.不久之后就。23. Although/Though/While the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spe
62、nd too much time on it. 表示“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。24. However hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.表示“不管多么”，后接形容词或副词，用however，相当于no matter how。25. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _where it will keep for two or three weeks. 由于定语从句it will keep for two
63、or three weeks是一个整的句子, 并不缺主语或宾语, 先行词the refrigerator(冰箱)表地点。26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _which, of course, made all the others upset.引导非限制性定语从句, 且在定语从句中用主语（注意关系代词which与其后的谓语动词made被of course隔开了）。27. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when the audienc
64、e can buy ice-cream.做好此题的关键是要知道interval这个词的意思, 它表示“间隔”“幕间休息”, 也就是说它是一个表示时间的名词, 所以其后用表示时间的关系副词when。28.The days are gone _when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.在此引导定语从句修饰先行词the days。由于先行词指时间, 故要用关系副词when。 29. The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the
65、holidays.在此引导定语从句, 同时在定语从句中作定语, 根据句意, 由于shop与customers之间为所有关系, 故填whose。30. The old town has narrow streets and small houses that were built close to each other.引导定语从句, 并充当从句的主语。31. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually. 引导定语从句并在从
66、句中作地点状语。32. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.引导定语从句并在从句中作met的宾语, 先行词是表示人的students, 故用关系代词who。注意：先行词与关系代词之间被in my school分隔开了, 要注意分辨。33. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister whe
67、re she would stay for an hour.引导定语从句, 用以修饰先行词the training centre。where在此相当于and there。34. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather.引导非限制性定语从句, 并在定语从句中作主语, 先行词是village school。35. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault. 引导定语从句并在
68、从句中作主语, 先行词something指事物, 多用that。36. All _ that glitters is not good.先行词是指物的all时，关系代词只能用that。37. This is the boy whose mother is a teacher. 作定语，指“那个男孩的”母亲。38. Ill never forget the day _when I spent my holiday in Hawaii.先行词是表示时间的词，且在定语从句中作状语，相当于on which，故用关系副词。39. Ill never forget the day (which/that)
69、I spent there. 虽然先行词是表示时间的词，但在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故用关系代词。39. Ill never forget the day where I spent there.先行词是表示地点的词, 且在定语从句中作状语, 用关系副词。40. The school _(which/that) I learned English was very large. 虽然先行词是表示地点的词, 但在定语从句中作visited的宾语，故用关系代词。41. The school _which/that I visited yesterday was very large.虽然先行
70、词是表示地点的词, 但在定语从句中作visited的宾语，故用关系代词。42. Can you tell me the reason why you were absent today？先行词是reason, 在定语从句中作状语, 相当于for which, 故用关系副词why。43. The reason which/that he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to.先行词虽然是reason, 但在定语从句中作gave的宾语，故用关系代词。44. English is a language shared by
71、 several diverse cultures, each of which uses it somewhat differently. 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的cultures。45.The newly built caf, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.引导非限制性定语从句, of表示所属关系, the walls of which在含义上相当于and the walls of it(这座咖啡馆的墙)
72、。46. The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of _whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.引导定语从句并在从句中作介词of的宾语, 先行词是人, 故用whom。of表示部分与整体的关系, many of whom相当于and many of them(其中许多人)。47. The day which/that he was born on is October 10th.关系代词作介词on的宾语, 但不直接在on后面, 可以填which或th
73、at。48. She was educated at Beijing university, after which she went to have her advanced study abroad. 这里的after which相当于and after that, 指“在北京大学读书之后”。49. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ to whom she could turn for help.搭配：turn to sb. for help向某人求助。50. I have many friends, _ of whom s
74、ome are businessmen. 表示部分与整体的关系, of whom some are businessmen相当于and some of them are businessmen。51. The girl to/with whom my father is talking at the school gate is my elder sister.由talk with/to sb.可知。52. They will visit the farm _on_ which my brother works. 由on the farm可知。53. Water is very importa
75、nt for us, _without which we cant live.指没有水我们就不能生存。54. I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care, _which told me it would be useless, but when I looked into yours, I saw kindness. 引导非限制性定语从句, which指前面整个句子。55. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.固定搭配：as is often the c
76、ase这是常有的事。56. As is mentioned above, paper is first made in China. 表示“正如”，用as。57.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _which, of course, made the others envy him.可译作“这”。58. As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 表示“正如”。59. The
77、result of the experiment was very good, which we hadnt expected.意料之外的事，用which。60. As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 习惯搭配：as is known to all众所周知。二、写作运用暑假即将来临, 你校于上周就“高中生是否应参加暑期补习班”对3000名学生进行了一次调查。以下是调查情况：39%的同学支持原因：补习班能帮他们拓宽视野。61%的同学反对原因：他们需要更多时间放松自己。实际情况更多学生更喜欢一个
78、自由的暑假，这样的暑假让他们能与朋友玩乐。我的观点我需要在暑假期间好好休息。根据以上表格, 写一篇短文, 包括以下内容：1. 调查时间, 地点, 内容以及调查对象；2. 认为应该的学生比例及原因；3. 反对的学生比例及原因；4. 调查反映出的事实；5. 你的观点。Last week there was a survey among 3000 students in our school on whether senior students should attend extra classes during the summer vocation. 39% of the students su
79、rveyed thought it reasonable because it could help them broaden their horizons. However, 61% of them held their view that they objected to attending such classes, for they needed enough time to relax themselves. From the survey, we know that more students prefer to have a free summer vocation, which enables them to have a good time with their friends and enjoy themselves. To be honest, what I need is a good rest during my summer holidays.