1、同步导练/RJ必修 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同 步导 练 Unit 2 Working the landSection Using Language自主预习学案 预读理解Step 1 Fast Reading Skim and match the main idea with each paragraph.Para.1 AProblems caused by chemical fertilizers.Para.2 BFarmers and customers turn to organic farming.Para.3 COther methods to keep the soil fert
2、ile.Para.4 DLong-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and peoples health.答案DABCStep 2 Careful Reading Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks.Organic farmingMethodsAdvantages use _1_ from animals as fertilizersmake the soil in their fields _2_and so more fertilechange
3、 the kind of crop in each field _3_put important minerals back into the soil，_4_plant different crops _5_use _6_ of soil plant grass between crops and then _7_prevent wind or water from _8_ and become a natural fertilizer 答案1natural waste 2.richer in minerals 3every few years 4.making it ready for o
4、ther crops5with different roots 6.different levels 7leave it in the ground 8.carrying away the soilStep 3 Summary In recent years，scientists have discovered that using _1_fertilizers for a long time can_2_the land and also peoples health.There are several problems_3_by chemical fertilizers.They hurt
5、 the health of the land，_4_in the water for a long time and_5_peoples bodies _6_their food._7_farming is becoming more popular_8_some farmers and many customers after these discoveries came out.Organic farming does not use any _9_There are many organic farming methods _10_making the land healthy and
6、 productive.All of these methods try to produce good food and to keep the environment and people healthy.答案1chemical 2.hurt 3.caused 4.stay 5.get into6through 7.Organic 8.with 9.chemicals 10.for课文领悟CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers has become very comm
7、on in farming.Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently，however，scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.What are some of the problems caused by che
8、mical fertilizers?First，they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects crops and，therefore，animals and humans，since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washe
9、d off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.Many of these chemicals can lead tocancer or other illnesses.In addition，fruit，vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.They may look beautiful，but inside
10、 there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries，some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces disea
11、se and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers，therefore，often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers
12、also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years，for example，growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making it ready for crops such as w
13、heat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil，for example，planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots.Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water fr
14、om carrying away the soil，and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop.These many different organic farming methods have the same goal：to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.化学耕作还是有机耕作？在过去的半个多世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥，把化
15、肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间。这影响到庄稼，从而也会影响到动物和人类，因为化学物质会进入到农作物里面，而不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学物质会在人体中堆积。很多化学物质能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上很好看，但是里面通常是含有过多的水分，而不是维他命和矿物质。由于这些发现，一些农
16、民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。他们主要想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，使用有机耕作的农民通常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。他们认为这会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃。同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，种植了玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如玉米或小麦。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用
17、不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。还有一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。探究学习思路 Step 自主预习.重点单词1_adj.化学的_n.化学_n.药剂师2_n.生产_v.生产_n.产品_n.生产者3_v.减少_n.减少_v.增加4_n.职业_v.占领_adj.忙的5_n.细菌_n.(复数)答案1chemical；chemistry；chemist 2production；produce；prod
18、uct；producer 3reduce；reduction；increase 4occupation；occupy；occupied 5bacterium；bacteria.重点短语1cause damage _ 给造成损害2wash _ 将洗掉，洗净3build _ 逐渐增强；建立；开发4lead _ 导致；造成(后果)5focus_ 集中(注意力、精力等)于6keep.free _ 使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)7_ addition 此外8give _ on 对作出评价答案1to 2.off 3.up 4.to 5.on 6.of/from 7.in8comments.句型1
19、(原句)Recently，however，scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。句式结构：have been doing 现在完成进行时(仿写)我感到非常累，因为从早上我一直在写论文。_2(原句)Crops such as peas or soybeans put i
20、mportant minerals back into the soil，making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土地肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。句式结构：现在分词作结果状语(仿写)她父母双亡，她成了一个孤儿。_答案1I feel so tired because I have been writing my essay since this morning.2Her parents died，makin
21、g her an orphan.Step 诱思导学考点 1 reduce vt.减少；缩减课本原句 P14 A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。She reduced her weight by 5 kilograms.她的体重减轻了 5 公斤。归纳拓展reduce(.)to.(把)减少到reduce(.)by.(把)减少了reduction n.减少，缩减；折扣，减价即学即练 完成句子This is the only way we can i
22、magine_(reduce)the overuse of water in students bedrooms.Due to a lack of food in hard times,many people were reduced to_(eat)grass and leaves.答案to reduce eating考点 2 comment n.评论，议论 vi.&vt.表达意见，作出评论课本原句 P15 Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.与搭档交换摘要，互相给出评价。We would welcome
23、 your comments on our work.我们欢迎你对我们的工作提出意见。归纳拓展make a comment on sth.对某事发表评论no comment 无可奉告comment on sth.对某事发表评论即学即练 完成句子Did she _ _ _ _ the accident?她对这个事故发表评论了吗？Im not in a position to _ _ the matter.我无权对此事发表评论。答案make any comment on comment on归纳拓展 1build up ones health/body 增进健康build up a fame 建立
24、名声build up ones strength 强健体魄考点 3 build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发课本原句 P14 These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。Build your mother up with nourishing food.让你的母亲吃点营养品，使她增强体力。Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的
25、。归纳拓展 2动词uphurry up 赶快stay up 挺住；熬夜make up 构成，组成；编造；弥补come up 上来；被提及；出现keep up 保持speed up 加快速度即学即练 完成句子(2017 年高考课标全国卷)As you know,playing pingpong can not only_ _(增强)your body but also shape youShe plays Taijiquan to _ _ _ every day.她每天打太极拳来增强体质。It took us a year to _ _ the new teaching building.建这座
26、新教学楼花费了我们一年的时间。答案 build up build herself up build up考点 4 lead to 引起，导致；通向；造成(后果)课本原句 P14 Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.过量的工作和过少的休息会引发疾病。All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马。归纳拓展lead to(to 为介词)引起；导致lead
27、 sb.to sp.引导某人去某地lead sb.to do sth.引导某人做某事lead a.life 过着的生活lead the way 带路；带头即学即练 完成句子(2018 年高考天津卷)False fire alarms are illegal and may_ _(导致)imprisonment.What _ _ _ this conclusion?你是如何得出这个结论的？We _ _ _ _ in the past.过去我们过着艰苦的生活。Japan _ _ _ in using industrial robots.日本在工业机器人应用方面处于领先地位。抽烟可能导致肺癌。(写作
28、小练笔：主谓宾；lung cancer)_答案答案lead to led you to led a hard lifeled the way Smoking can lead to lung cancer.考点 5 focus on 集中(注意力，精力等)于课本原句 P14 They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.他们集中精力于保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。You should focus your attention on your work.你应该把注意力集中在你的工作上。He always wants to be t
29、he focus of attention.他总想成为注意力的焦点。归纳拓展(1)focus on 集中于focus ones attention/eyes/energy on集中注意力/目光/精力于(2)the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点即学即练 单句语法填空Global warming is_focus of the meeting to be held tomorrow.Experts from different countries will focus_a possible solution to this problem.In fact
30、many scientists_(focus)their attention_this research.答案 the；on；are focusing；on/upon 考点 6 keep.free from/of 使免受(影响；伤害)等；使不含(有害物)课本原句 P14 This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals.这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。This medicine can keep you free from pain.这种药可以止痛。归纳拓展1)free from/of 无的；
31、免除的；不受约束的2)keep back保持距离；阻止；隐瞒keep down 压制；蹲下keep off 不接近keep on 继续keep out 不进入keep up 保持，继续即学即练 完成句子They like living in a village，_ _ _ _ _他们喜欢住在村子里，远离人群和喧闹。She got the ticket _ _ _她免费得到了这张票。别让孩子受到伤害。(写作小练笔：谓宾补)_答案free from/of crowds and noisesfree of chargeKeep the children free of/from harm.考点 7
32、课本原句 P14 Recently，however，scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。句式分析 have been finding 是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行或动作刚刚结束。其谓语构成形式为 have/h
33、asbeendoing。It has been raining the whole week.这一周一直在下雨。The boys have been playing football this afternoon.这些男孩今天下午一直在踢足球。The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直刻苦学习，他们的努力终将得到回报。即学即练 完成句子Im tired.I_ _ _(clean)the house the
34、 whole morning.Youd better have a rest.You_ _ _(sit)in front of the computer for a long time.The telephone_ _ _(ring)the whole morning，but nobody by answered it.答案have been cleaning have been sitting has been ringing考点 8 课本原句 P14 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the so
35、il，making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土地肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。句式分析 句中的 making it ready for crops.是现在分词短语作结果状语。作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。分词短语前有时可加上副词 only，thus 等。It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that count
36、ry.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。He watered the flowers in the garden more often，making things worse.他更为经常地给花园里的花浇水，结果反而更糟。温馨提示 不定式作结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。Mary hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.玛丽匆忙赶了回来，结果却发现她母亲在医院里奄奄一息。即学即练 单句语法填空The cup fell off the table，_(break)into pieces.The stron
37、g wind blew the good soil，_(leave)only sand.She hurried home，only_ _(find)that the door was locked.答案breaking leaving to findStep 课堂随练.单句语法填空 1What on earth led him _ _(think)so?2I regret _ _(tell)you that your problems are beyond my power.Youll have to turn to some other one，Im afraid.3By focusing_
38、saving oil，water，paper，food，and clothing，we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.4I cant comment_the statement before I have got further information.5We cant accept your offer unless the price is reduced _5%.6_my great regret，we have no much time left to discuss the problem.答案1to think 2.to t
39、ell 3.on 4.on 5.by 6.To.完成句子 1老师的话增强了我的信心。The teachers words_ _my confidence.2你必须集中精力学习。You must_ _ _ _your studies.3赛后教练对比赛做了一番评价。The coach_ _ _about the match after it.4我们应当使用新能源，使环境免受污染。We should use new energy to keep our environment_ _ _5毫无疑问，巨大的压力易导致疾病。_ _ _ _ _great stress can_ _illness easily.答案1built up2focus your attention on3made a comment4free of/from pollution5There is no doubt that；lead to