1、新语法精讲突破定语从句()一、关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词包括 when,where,why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分when表示时间时间状语where表示地点地点状语why表示原因原因状语I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得我第一次来到北京的那一天。The factory where/in which his father works is in the west of the city.他爸爸工作的
2、那个工厂在城市的西边。The reason why/for which he was late was that he missed the bus.他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。【特别提醒】在比较正式的用法中，可以用“介词which”代表关系副词 when,where,why。二、关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词取决于定语从句缺少的句子成分。如果从句缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则用关系代词；如果从句缺少状语则用关系副词。This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work 是不及物动词，无需有宾
3、语，从句缺状语)This is the factory that/which I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit 是及物动词，后边缺少宾语)They planted some trees which/that didnt need much water.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。(从句缺主语)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?这就是举办展览的那座博物馆吗？(被动语态形式的从句不缺主语、宾语和定语，缺状语)三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行
4、词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用 which 或whom。(1)该结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你高价买的汽车吗？(根据从句中谓语动词pay的搭配确定)This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)This is the pilot with whom my father
5、 has worked for ten years.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配)(2)“名词/数词/代词等介词关系代词”结构有时“介词关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。The river,the banks of which are covered with trees,flows to the sea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。He has three sons,two of whom are teachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。【特别提醒】有些“动词介词”短语，如 look for,look after,c
6、all on 等不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。The doctor that you sent for has not come.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。The girl whom I came across in the street yesterday is a friend of mine.我昨天在街上遇见的那个女孩是我的一个朋友。The chance which I longed for has come at last.我盼望的机会终于来了。新写作技法点拨如何进行人物描写高考写作中的人物写作侧重人物介绍，可用第一人称，也可用第三人称。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题：1人物
7、写作通常要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等方面；2对题目所给信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息；3正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型；4注意运用正确的时态。一般包括下列内容：(1)人物的基本信息如：生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景等；(2)人物的重要事迹(举例说明)；(3)人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响；(4)作者对人物的评价。常用句式1.was one of the greatest.in the 20th century.是 20 世纪最伟大的之一。2.was born in 出生于3He/She studied at.and graduate
8、d.他/她就读于毕业于4.is the one who impresses me most.是我印象最深的一个。5compared with.和相比6.is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her.是如此一个博学/意志坚强的人，我们都很钦佩/尊敬他/她。7He/She devoted all his/her life to.他/她把毕生都致力于8.make great contributions to.对作出了巨大贡献9make great achievements 作出突出贡献10He/Sh
9、e was highly thought of.他/她受到高度评价11In my opinion.以我的观点看来12He/She will live in the hearts of.forever.他/她会永远活在心中。新思维随堂自测.用关系副词填空1The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.解析：句意：体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。该题为分隔式定语从句，先行词是 the days。且定语从句中不缺少句子成分，故用关系副词 when。答案：when2Whatever is
10、 left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.解析：句意：任何剩下的东西也许都可以放进冰箱，在那里可以保存两到三周的时间。该题为非限制性定语从句，且定语从句中不缺少句子成分，故用关系副词 where。答案：where3I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.解析：句意：我和我的朋友们一直走到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了湖的美景。关系副词 w
11、here 引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词为 the top of the hill。答案：where4A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.解析：句意：银行是晴天时给你雨伞，下雨时收回雨伞的地方。先行词是 the place，因从句结构完整，不缺少句子成分，故用关系副词 where。答案：where5Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlike
12、ly to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.解析：定语从句的先行词是 planet，表示地点，故用关系副词 where。答案：where6The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.解析：定语从句的先行词为 training centre，从句 she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语，故要填状语，表示地点用where。答案：wh
13、ere7Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go.Its only 15.解析：句中 the barbers 是先行词，从句中 go 是不及物动词，缺少地点状语，所以用 where。答案：where8I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.解析：在该题中，先行词是 point，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故关系副词用 where。答案：whe
14、re.完成下列含有定语从句的句子(用介词关系代词)1This is the shop _ I met him for the first time.这就是我第一次见到他的那个商店。2I know the boy _ you borrowed the English novel.我认识你从他那儿借的这本英文小说的那个男孩。3This is the man _ we often turn for help.这就是那个我们经常求助的人。in whichfrom whomto whom4The book _ you asked is missing.你要的那本书不见了。5a.This is the b
15、ook _ I spent 5 yuan.The car _ I paid$1,000 is really a bargain.b.I remember the days _ I lived there.This is the pool _ I used to swim in summer.c.The colorless gas _ we cannot live is called oxygen.d.I have found the hole _ the mouse came into my room.for whichon whichfor whichduring whichin whichwithout whichthrough which