1、新知识预习探索基础练习.重点单词1quality n.质量；品质；性质2mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3generous adj.慷慨的，大方的4found vt.建立；建设5stage n.舞台；阶段；时期6vote vt.&vi.投票；选举(n.)投票；选票；表决7attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击8active adj.积极的actively adv.积极地9peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peace n.和平10guidance n.指导；领导guide v.指导；支配；管理11legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal(反义词)违法的12hope
2、ful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的hope n.希望hopefully adv.怀有希望地13violence n.暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；强烈的；猛烈的14willing adj.乐意的；自愿的will n.意志；愿望15unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的fair(反义词)公平的16devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n.忠实；献身.重点短语1devote ones life to献身于2fight for为而战斗3be generous with对慷慨/大方4worry about担心5out of work失业
3、6as a matter of fact事实上7blow up使充气；爆炸8put.in/into prison把投入监狱9achieve into ones dream实现梦想10in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中11be willing to do愿意干12turn to求助于；致力于.重点句型1The last thirty years have_seen_the_greatest_number_of_laws_stopping our rights and progress.(1)see,find,witness等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历，
4、发生，见证，目睹”了某事。仿写 这座城市经历了许多变化。The city has_seen_many_changes.(2)the greatest number of laws stopping.是动名词的复合结构，作宾语。仿写 迈克开会迟到令他的老板不高兴。Mikes_coming_late to the meeting made his boss unhappy.2.only_then_did_we decide to answer violence with violence.only修饰状语位于句首，主句采用部分倒装的结构。仿写 只有用这种方式我们才能够学好英语。Only_in_th
5、is_way_can_we learn English well.语篇领悟.Read the passage and choose the best answers.1Why did Elias quit school in the end?ABecause he was a black man.BBecause he didnt study hard when he was in school.CBecause his school was too far away.DBecause his family could not afford his schooling.D 2In Eliass
6、 eyes,Mandela was _.Asilent and helpful Brich but selfishCkind and helpful Dpoor but kindC 3How did the ANC Youth League fight against the government?AThey fought against the government in a peaceful way.BThey shoot the government officials.CThey killed many white people.DThey decided to answer viol
7、ence with violence.D 4Why did Elias help Mandela blow up some government buildings?ABecause he liked violence.BBecause it was not dangerous.CBecause he thought it was a way to make black people and white people equal.DBecause he wanted to be famous.C 5Whats the purpose of Mandelas work?ATo help the
8、poor become rich.BTo build a new government.CTo make black and white people equal.DTo help the black beat the white.C.Fill in the blanks according to the text.My name is Elias.I began school at six _1_ studied for only two years because my family couldnt afford the school fees and bus fare.It was ha
9、rd to get a job for I had very little _2_(educate).After trying hard I got a job in a gold mine in Johannesburg.But I had to be out of work _3_ I didnt have a passbook to live there.It was during the very difficult period of time _4_ I met Mandela,who offered guidance to black people on their legal
10、problems.I was grateful because he was generous _5_ his time and help.With his help,I became hopeful about my future.When he _6_(organize)the ANC Youth League,I joined it as soon as possible.During that time,black people could not vote or choose their leader.Everything _7_(decide)by white people.We
11、began to fight the government and attack the law in a _8_(peace)way.Then we decided to answer violence with violence.As a matter of fact,I do not like violence.But in 1963,I helped to blow _9_ some government buildings.I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of _10_(mak
12、e)black and white equal.答案：1.but 2.education 3.since 4.that 5.with6.organized7.was decided 8.peaceful 9.up10making新课堂互动探究重点单词1.quality n质量；品质；性质We aim at quality rather than quantity.我们追求质量而不是数量。Kindness is a human quality which everyone admires.仁慈是谁都称赞的人类品质。【特别提醒】表示某物“具有的质量”时用介词ofofgood/high qualit
13、y质量好的，品质优异的bad/poor quality质量差的，品质低劣的This new model is of high quality and is not expensive.这种新型号产品质量非常好，而且也不贵。【即境活用】完成句子你需要具备特殊的个人品德才能当上护士。You need special _ to work as a nurse.答案：personal qualities2.mean adj.吝啬的；小气的；自私的be mean to sb.be mean with/about sth.He apologized for being mean to me.他为对我不仁而
14、道歉。It is mean of you to do that.你做那事真是卑鄙。He is mean with/about money.他很吝啬。mean的反义词为generous慷慨的，大方的用法同mean，名词为generosity慷慨，大方be generous to sb.be generous with sth.He is generous to others,but mean to himself.他对别人很大方，但对自己很吝啬。It is generous of you to lend me the money.You are generous to lend me the m
15、oney.你很慷慨借钱给我。【即境活用】介词填空She is mean _ money but generous _ me.答案：with/about;to3.devote vt.致力于，献身devote.to把专用于，完全用于devote oneself/ones life to.献身于，致力于devote ones energy/time to.把全部精力/时间投入到be devoted to.专心于；忠于；致力于；热爱He devoted himself to helping the poor.他致力于帮助穷人。The teacher devoted his life to his te
16、aching.这个老师把全部精力投入他的教学。They devoted all their time to working in their laboratory.他们把所有的时间都投入到实验室的工作之中。【即境活用】完成句子(1)他将一生都致力于帮助残疾人上。He _ helping the disabled.(2)他毕业后要致力从事音乐。He _ after graduation.(3)_(专心于)his work,he has no time to take care of his family.答案：(1)devoted/devotes his life to(2)will be de
17、voted to(will devote himself to)music(3)Devoted to/Devoting himself to4.found vt.建立；建设；成立found.on/upon把建在上，把基于上。This theory is founded on facts.这个理论建立在事实基础上。They founded the company themselves.他们自己创办了这家公司。比较find/found动词原形过去式过去分词释义变化规律foundfoundedfounded建立规则动词findfoundfound发现不规则动词After the new countr
18、y was founded,the poor man finally found his family.在新的国家建立后，这位可怜的人终于找到了他的家人。【即境活用】完成句子(1)I _(把成功的希望建立在)my own hard work.(2)This story _(根据)a fact.答案：(1)founded my hope of success on/upon(2)is founded on/upon5.principle nC法则，原则原理follow the principle遵循原则stick to ones principle坚持某人的原则in principle原则上，理
19、论上Its against ones principle to do sth.做某事是违背某人原则的We should follow the principle of nature.我们要遵循自然法则。You should stick to your principle in spite of pressure.尽管有压力，你还是要坚持你的原则。【即境活用】完成句子Honesty and trust are the basic _(原则)of making friends.答案：principles6.guidance n指导；领导guide v.指导；指引，带领 n.指南，手册；导游，向导u
20、nder sb.s guidanceunder the guidance of sb.under ones direction在某人的指导下offer guidance to sb.给某人提供指导Under his fathers guidance,he learned how to swim.他在父亲的指导下学会了游泳。【即境活用】完成句子在他老师指导下，他的成绩取得了进步。_ he made great progress.答案：Under the guidance of his teacher/Under his teachers guidance7.vote(1)vt.投票，选举We h
21、ave voted him our monitor.我们选他当班长。(2)vi.投票，选举Lots of people had no right to vote.许多人没有选举权。(3)n.投票，选票，表决He won the election because he got the most votes.他选举获胜了，因为他获得了大多数选票。【归纳拓展】vote sb.to ben.选某人当vote for投票支持vote against投票反对vote on对进行表决take/have a vote on对进行表决【即境活用】完成句子(1)Most of us _ the plan.我们大多
22、数人投票赞成这个计划。(2)They _.他们选他当班长。答案：(1)voted for(2)voted him(to be)their monitor8.attack(1)vt.进攻；攻击；抨击At dawn the army attacked the town.军队在拂晓时向这座城镇发动了进攻。The government was attacked by the press.政府受到新闻界的抨击。(2)n.攻击；进攻；病情发作(可数名词)The city came under attack during the night.城市在夜间遭到袭击。【归纳拓展】attack sb.with st
23、h.因攻击attack sb.for doing sth.因打击/责难某人under attack遭到攻击air attack空袭a heart attack心脏病突发【即境活用】完成句子The city _(遭到袭击)by the enemy at night.答案：was attacked9.equal(1)adj.相等的，平等的；能胜任的equal pay for equal work同工同酬be equal to doing sth.等于；能应付某事be equal in sth.在某方面相等Everybody was born equal.人人生来平等。Bill is equal t
24、o the job.比尔有能力做这份工作。(2)vt.等于，和相等；比得上Four plus four equals eight.四加四等于八。I cant equal him in strength.论力气，我不能与他相比。【即境活用】完成句子(1)After a month of training,he _(胜任)the work as a tractor driver.(2)Bill _(能够经营)the company.答案：(1)became equal to(2)is quite equal to running重点短语1.believe in 相信，信任；信仰；主张Do you
25、believe in the existence of the soul?你相信灵魂的存在吗？Believe in yourself,or youll never succeed.相信自己，否则你不会成功。I believe in going to bed early and getting up early.我主张早睡早起。【词语比较】believe in,believebelieve in 常表示相信某物的存在、相信某物是好的或信任某人。believe常表示相信某人的话、相信某事等。【即境活用】完成句子I _ what he said,but I dont _ him.我相信他说的，但我不
26、信任他答案：believe;believe in2.be free from 不要影响的；没有的；不含有害物的The restaurant is free from flies.这家餐馆没有苍蝇。Keep the children free from harm.别让孩子们受到伤害。This kind of food is free from artificial colours.这种食品不含人造色素。【即境活用】完成句子We _ in finishing the work.我们在完成工作过程中没有困难。答案：are free from difficulty3.be in prison 坐牢；在
27、狱中 send sb.to prisonput sb.in/into prisonthrow sb.into prison把某人投入监狱go to prison入狱He was put in/into prison for theft five years ago.五年前他因偷盗被关进监狱。【即境活用】完成句子He _ for ten years.他已经入狱十年了。答案：has been in prison4.out of work 失业out of a job失业(表状态)Work hard,or you will be out of work.好好干，不然你会失业的。New jobs ar
28、e needed because a number of people are out of work.因为大量的人失业，所以需要新的工作岗位。【归纳拓展】常见的以out of开头的短语：out of breath上气不接下气out of balance失去平衡out of date过时out of control失去控制out of reach够不着out of sight看不见【即境活用】完成句子Her clothes are _(过时了)答案：out of date/fashion5.as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上As a matter of fact,I don
29、t know the truth.事实上，我不知道真相。【归纳拓展】表事实上，实际上的短语有in factin realityin truthactually6.blow up 炸掉；爆炸；给充气The enemy attempted to blow up the bridge.敌人企图炸毁桥梁。I saw him blowing up the tyre.我看到他在给轮胎打气。A storm suddenly blew up.突然刮起一阵暴风。【即境活用】完成句子My bikes tyres need _.(打气)答案：blowing up/to be blown up7.in trouble
30、 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中If we cant finish the work on time,we will be in trouble.我们如果不能按时完成工作就麻烦了。We are in trouble now,so dont blame each other any longer.我们现在正处于困境之中，所以不要再相互责怪了。【即境活用】完成句子(1)在我身陷困境时他没有给我丝毫的帮助。He gave me no help _.(2)Some of our classmates always talk or _(捣乱)in class.(3)Do you _(有困难)lear
31、ning English?答案：(1)when I was in trouble(2)make trouble(3)have trouble(in)8.turn to 求助于；致力于；转向to为介词If you have any questions,turn to me for help.有任何问题的话，找我帮忙。The child turned to his mother for comfort.那孩子向母亲寻求安慰。They turned to farming.他们转向了耕作。【归纳拓展】turn on打开 turn up出现；到场；调高turn off关掉turn down拒绝；调低 t
32、urn in上交 turn over翻转【即境活用】完成句子(1)_ the police when you are in trouble.有困难_警察。(2)Our talk turned to football.我们的话题_答案：(1)Turn to；找(2)转到了足球上经典句型1.He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月，他成了登上月球的第一人。名词man之前有序数词对其进行修饰，其后接不定式作定语。She is the first woman to be admitted to the club.她是该俱
33、乐部吸收的第一个女会员。【归纳拓展】不定式作后置定语的常见情况：表示将来的动作；修饰序数词/the last/形容词最高级/the only或被这些词限定的名词/代词；修饰ability，chance，opportunity，way，reason，time等抽象名词。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这个工作的最佳人选。I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有机会去观光。【即境活用】语法填空He is always the first _(come)and the last _(leave)答案：to come;to
34、leave2.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。动词see，find，witness等由地点或时间名词作主语，以增添语言色彩，表示“经历，发生，见证”。This theatre has seen
35、 many exciting performances.在这家剧院举行过许多激动人心的表演。The twentieth century witnessed two world wars.20世纪目睹了两次世界大战。【即境活用】完成句子The last ten years _ in our town.我们城镇在过去十年发生了巨大变化。答案：have seen the great changes3.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只是在那时我们才决定以暴制暴。only放在句首修饰状语通常是副词、介词短语或从句等时，主
36、句需要部分倒装，从句不倒装。Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。Only recently have I thought of them.直到最近我才想起他们。【特别提醒】如果位于句首的only修饰的是句子的主语，则句子不倒装。Only Tom knows how to use this computer.只有汤姆知道怎样使用这台电脑。【即境活用】完成句子Only when I left my parents for Italy _(我意识到)how much I loved them.解析：句意：只有当我离开父
37、母去了意大利时，我才意识到我有多爱他们。only引导的状语或状语从句位于句首时，主句部分倒装。根据句意，主句应用一般过去时。答案：did I realize新思维随堂自测.根据提示写出单词的正确形式1The town was _(found)by English settlers in 1970.2It seems _(不公平的)to make him pay for everything.3The children are at different _(stage)of development.4I feel _(hope)that we will find a good house.fou
38、ndedunfairstages hopeful 5Activities all take place under the _(guide)of a famous expert.6Its my _(原则)to be honest and kind-hearted.7It was _(大方的)of him to pay for us both.8Although he is nearly 80,he is still very _(积极的)9As a matter of fact,I am _(will)to discuss the problem.10She is always very _(
39、吝啬的)with money.guidanceprinciple generousactive willing mean.选词填空give up；blow up；in trouble；out of work；fight for；be willing to；as a matter of fact1They told the workers to _ their rights.2Now he is _；we should try our best to help him.3My doctor advised me to _ smoking without delay.fight forin tro
40、ublegive up4Id like to buy your old computer if you _ sell it.5Can you lend me a pump to _ my bicycle tyres?6I thought you wouldnt mind.Well,_ I dont,but you should have asked me first.7I stayed at home because I was _.are willing toblow upas a matter of factout of work.仿写句型1The time when I first me
41、t Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.仿写 正在我们急需帮助时他来了。He came at a time when we were badly in need of help.2Mandela was the black lawyer to_whom I went for advice.仿写 你想要一位无话不谈的朋友吗？(介词关系词)Do you want a friend to whom you can tell everything?3The last thirty years have seen the great
42、est number of laws stopping our rights and progress.仿写 我唯一担心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工作了。My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.4Only_then did we decide to answer violence with violence.仿写 被邀请了三次之后，他才来参加会议。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.5We were put into a position in_which we had either to accept we were less important,or fight the government.仿写 你知道我处于双方都不能帮忙的境地。You know my position in which I cant help either side.