1、第五讲词性转换学生用书P285单句语法填空1(2020北京卷)Because of the confidence she inspired in me，Ive carved out a _(success)profession as a journalist.解析：考查词性转换。 profession 为名词，意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。答案：successful2(2020新高考山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries，_(wealth)people travelled and collected plants，historica
2、l objects and works of art.解析：考查词性转换。根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。答案：wealthy3(2020新高考山东卷)Historical _(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.解析：考查名词。根据语境和设空处前的修饰词Historical可知，此处应用名词accuracy作主语。答案：accuracy4(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved _(gentle)along the river he was left speechless
3、by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词moved应使用副词。答案：gently5(2019全国卷)But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.Its_(wonder).解析：考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。wonder对应的形容词是wonderful。答案：wonderful6(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many
4、_(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were_(huge)popular with tourists.解析：第1空，考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。第2空，考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with非常受欢迎。答案：traditional；hugely7(2019北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards co
5、llege before thinking about which college to attend，and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _(meaning)college experience.解析：考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。用形容词修饰名词college experience。答案：meaningful8(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased_(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs
6、and made drinking water safer for people.解析：考查词性转换之动词变为名词。decrease降低，减少，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。答案：pollution在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的为后缀。1形容词变副词的后缀规则示例一般情况加lyslowslowlyadv.缓慢地commoncommonly adv.普通地immediateimmediately adv.立刻地以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加lyhappyhappilyad
7、v.高兴地steadysteadily adv.稳定地busybusily adv.繁忙地noisynoisily adv.吵闹地heavyheavily adv.沉重地healthyhealthily adv.健康地以le结尾，去掉e加ysimplesimplyadv.简单地gentlegently adv.温柔地terribleterribly adv.可怕地possiblepossibly adv.可能地probableprobably adv.可能地comfortablecomfortably adv.舒服地以ic结尾，加allyeconomiceconomicallyadv.经济地s
8、cientificscientifically adv.科学地常考且易拼错的副词rudely truly politelywidely nicely closelyfortunately surprisingly increasinglyhurriedly shyly2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的person
9、personal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的formformal 正式的nationnational 全国的fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的carecareful 细心的useuseful 有用的successsuccessful 成功的helphelpful 有帮助的edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的puzzlepuzzled 迷惑的wo
10、rryworried 担心的borebored 感到厌倦的exciteexcited 激动的；兴奋的underlineunderlined 加下划线的ingsurprisesurprising令人惊讶的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的worryworrying 令人担心的boreboring 令人厌烦的ibleaccessaccessible容易达到的；容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的att
11、ractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的instructinstructive 有教育意义的expenseexpensive 昂贵的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的
12、dirtdirty 有灰尘的；脏的rainrainy 有雨的sunsunny 阳光明媚的cloudcloudy 阴天的erneasteastern东方的；向东的westwestern 西方的；向西的ishchildchildish 孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic 经济的historyhistoric 历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary想象中的3.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage 不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率
13、；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意darkdarkness 黑暗thstrongstrength力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情truetruth 真实widewidth 宽度ytyitydifficultdiffic
14、ulty困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；残疾responsibleresponsibility 责任4.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival 到来；到达survivesurvival 幸存proposeproposal 提议；建议anceappearappearance 出现；外貌guideguidance 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目enceexistexistence存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referre
15、ference 参考；查阅ionattractattraction吸引constructconstruction 建设educateeducation 教育evaluateevaluation 评估graduategraduation 毕业ationexpectexpectation 期待；期望explainexplanation 解释considerconsideration 考虑imagineimagination 想象力starvestarvation 挨饿inviteinvitation 邀请；请柬(s)siondiscussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision
16、 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 设备ure turepresspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他growgrowth成长；发展choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类te
17、ndtendency 趋向；趋势5.表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：后缀例词ercleancleaner清洁工reportreporter 记者strangestranger 陌生人orinventinventor发明者visitvisitor 游客directdirector 导演arlieliar说谎者begbeggar 乞讨者，乞丐eeemployemployee 雇员interviewinterviewee 参加面试者traintrainee 受训者，学员esshosthostess 女主人actactress
18、 女演员ianmusicmusician音乐家politicspolitician 政治家historyhistorian 历史学家istartartist 艺术家sciencescientist 科学家pianopianist 钢琴家antserveservant仆人participateparticipant 参加者assistassistant 助手，图书管理员6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree不同意advantagedisadvantage 缺点appeardisappear 消失comfortdiscomfort 不舒适的honestd
19、ishonest 不诚实的illegalillegal不合法的logicalillogical 不合逻辑的前缀impoliteimpolite无礼的patientimpatient 不耐烦的moralimmoral 不道德的informalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient 不方便的directindirect 间接引起的irregularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible 不负责任的misleadmislead误导understandmisunderstand 误解前缀unusualunusual 不寻常的willin
20、gunwilling 不愿意的happyunhappy 不高兴的knownunknown 不出名的后缀lesshopehopeless 绝望的endendless 没完没了的carecareless 粗心的helphelpless 无助的useuseless 无用的7.变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enableenable使能够largeenlarge 扩大richenrich 使充实；使丰富dangerendanger 危及courageencourage 鼓励后缀enbroadbroaden使变宽riperipen 使成熟sharpsharpen 使尖锐widewiden 加宽shor
21、tshorten 变短deepdeepen 加深darkdarken 使变暗hardharden 使变硬ifyclassclassify把分类justjustify 证明正确simplesimplify 简化beautybeautify 美化izeapologyapologize道歉emphasisemphasize 强调memorymemorize 记住realrealize 认识到；实现(单句语法填空)1(2021合肥市高三第一次质量检测)A painting with a _(long)of 1014.37 meters has received a Guinness World Rec
22、ord title for the longest drawing by an individual artist.解析：考查词性转换。此处表示一幅长达1014.37米的画作，根据空前的a和空后的of可知，此处应用名词，a length of.“长达”，所以填length。答案：length2(2021烟台、菏泽市高三水平诊断)In the past many years，the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming，deforestatio
23、n and other_(develop).解析：考查词性转换。形容词other修饰名词。development在此处意为“开发”，是不可数名词。故填development。答案：development3(2021济南市高三年级学习质量评估)Smells from cookies baking in the kitchen or the smell of a homemade dish can bring back _(amaze)memories of growing up.解析：考查词性转换。此处表示“令人惊讶的记忆”，应用形容词修饰名词memories；amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，
24、修饰物；amazed意为“大为惊奇的”，修饰人。故填amazing。答案：amazing4(2021山西省重点中学高三联考)Young kids want to improve _(fit)and learn Chinese culture，adults take classes to relieve stress brought by work，and retired people practice it to prevent health problems.解析：考查名词。本空作动词improve的宾语，故填名词形式。fitness“健康”。答案：fitness5(2021昆明市高三“三诊
25、一模”摸底诊断测试)David Katz was upset by all the plastic going into the ocean.To help solve the problem，he had a _(create)ideato treat plastic like money.解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词idea，应用形容词形式，所以填creative。答案：creative6(2020陕西省重点中学4月模拟)On this day，thousands of people all around the world reached out to make a
26、new positive _ (connect)with others.解析：考查名词。根据空前的“make a new positive”和空后的“with others”可知，此处填名词connection“联系”作make的宾语。答案：connection7(2021长春市高三质量监测一)Individuals who throw away their garbage without sorting it can be fined up to 200 yuan，while companies and _(organize)can face fines up to 5，000 yuan.解
27、析：考查词性转换。空处与名词companies并列，表示不止一个组织，故此处用名词复数。答案：organizations8(2021贵阳市高三适应性考试)The Contemporary Museum of Calligraphy (书法)contains many art pieces including Arabic，Chinese，_(Europe)，Indian，Japanese and Slavic calligraphic works.解析：考查词性转换。and前后为并列的形容词，共同修饰后面的名词短语calligraphic works，所以填European。答案：Europe
28、an9(2021贵阳市高三适应性考试)The tactics represent the _(wise)of Chinese people.They are not only useful on the battlefield but also useful for business and personal life.解析：考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应为名词，所以填wisdom。答案：wisdom10The Chinese have high _(require)for the quality of the tea leaf，the water and the
29、utensil (器皿)they use to prepare and serve tea.解析：考查名词及其单复数。根据空前的形容词high可知，空处用名词形式；requirement为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，应用复数形式。答案：requirements转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。转化规则例词注意名词动词face(n.脸v.面对)shoulder(n.肩v.肩负)water(n.水v.浇水)back(n.背v.支持)name(n.名字v.命名)high，deep，wide用作副词时表示具体，而high
30、ly，deeply，widely表示抽象动词名词look(v./n.)看try(v./n.)尝试dream(v./n.)梦想chat (v./n.)聊天形容词动词empty(adj.空的v.倒空)slow(adj.慢的v.减慢)dirty(adj.脏的v.弄脏)warm(adj.暖的v.使变暖)形容词副词hard(adj.难的adv.努力地)high(adj.高的adv.高地)deep(adj.深的adv.深地)wide(adj.宽的adv.宽地)(单句语法填空)1(2020广州市综合检测二)Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones(无人机
31、)_(film)the Great Wall，which provides a completely new and fascinating perspective.解析：考查固定用法。use sth.to do sth.“用做”是固定用法，所以填to film。答案：to film2(2021黑龙江省大庆市第一次检测)Normally，on this day，teachers around the nation enjoyed a days vacation and were given_(dry)meat as gifts.解析：考查非谓语动词。本句已有并列谓语enjoyed和were given，设空处修饰名词meat，且dry和meat之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作前置定语，填dried。答案：dried
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