1、新语法精讲突破直接引语和间接引语()陈述句和疑问句一、定义我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连接词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接。He said he was not happy.He asked me when their plane would land.直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化有以下几种情况：1直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语的口诀是：去掉引号加 that，人称变化要灵活。时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。He said,“Im very glad.”H
2、e said that he was very glad.2直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：去掉引号加 if(或 whether)，陈述语序要记住。时态、人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。He said,“Can you come this afternoon,John？”He asked whether/if John could come that afternoon.3直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉。助动 do,does,did，一定要去掉。二、时态的变化若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态无需变化；若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态应变成
3、相应的过去的某种时态。时态的变化例句一般现在时一般过去时She said,“I need a calculator.”She said that she needed a calculator.现在进行时过去进行时Jim said,“Im expecting a long distance call.”Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.一般将来时过去将来时Nancy said,“Ill call again later.”Nancy said that she would call again later.一般过去时过去完成
4、时He said,“I took it home with me.”He said that he had taken it home with him.现在完成时过去完成时Paul said,“Our team has won the match.”Paul said that their team had won the match.过去完成时过去完成时He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.三、指示代词、时间状语、地
5、点状语在间接引语中的变化直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosetodaythat daythis morning/afternoon/evening,etc.that morning/afternoon/evening，etc.yesterdaythe day before/the previous daythe day before yesterdaytwo days beforetomorrowthe next day/the following daythe day after tomorrowin two days time/two days afternext week
6、/month/year,etc.the next week/month/year,etc.；the following week/month/year,etc.last week/month/year,etc.the week/month/year,etc.before;the previous week/month/year,etc.two weeks/months/years agotwo weeks/months/years beforenowthenherethere四、直接引语变间接引语时态“五不变”(1)直接引语如果描述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。He said,“Li
7、ght travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)直接引语带有明确表示过去时间的状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通常不变。He said,“I_was_born in 1990 in Beijing.”He said that he was_born in 1990 in Beijing.(3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态通常不变。He says,“Tom is good at Chinese.”He says that Tom is g
8、ood at Chinese.(4)在含有时间状语从句的直接引语中，主句的谓语动词为过去进行时、过去完成时或过去将来时，在变为间接引语时这些时态通常不变。He said,“I_was_listening_to_music when she came in.”He said that he was_listening_to_music when she came in.(5)当直接引语是名人名言时，从句时态不变。He said,“Where there_is a will,there_is a way.”He said where there_is a will,there_is a way.新
9、写作技法点拨如何写好建议信建议信是书信的一种形式，属于应用文文体。建议信是写信人针对某事向收信人提出建议或忠告。建议信有可能是写给某个人的，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法或观点；也可能是写给某个组织或机构的，就改进其服务等方面提出建议或忠告。建议信的常用结构首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。中段：围绕问题，结构清晰、科学婉转地提出有针对性的建议。注意充分考虑对方的实际情况，表达时应选择得体用语。切忌用语生硬强制、泛泛而谈。尾段：简单予以希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助，同时阐明你所提供的建议仅供对方参考。(1)信开头常用句式：I am writing to expre
10、ss my views/ideas about/concerning.You have asked me for my advice on.and I will try to make some suggestions.Thanks for trusting me.Its my great pleasure to give you some suggestions/advice/tips.(2)表达建议常用句式：I would like to suggest that.If I were you,I would.As far as I am concerned./In my opinion.F
11、or one thing.,for another.In the first place/Firstly/First.Secondly/Second.Last but not least(最后但不是最不重要的).(3)结尾常用句式：These are only my personal suggestions/tips.I hope you will find them useful/helpful.I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail.Im willing to discuss this matte
12、r with you whenever you need help.I will highly appreciate your consideration of my advice/suggestions/tips.【写作模板】TopicDateDear _，Im so glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on _.Here are a few suggestions.First,it is important to _，as youll _.Then,it also helps _.Furthermore,it should be
13、 a good idea to _.Because _.You can also _.Im quite sure that _.Please _ next time.Best wishes，Sincerely yours，Signature【常用句式】1I am writing to express my views concerning.2I would like to suggest that.3You have asked for my advice with regard to.and I will try to make some suggestions.4If I were you
14、,I would.5It seems to me that you could.6I think it would be more beneficial if you could.7I believe you will take my advice into account.8I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful.9I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.10I will
15、be ready for discussing this matter into details.新思维随堂自测.直接引语和间接引语转换1He said,“Mother,the house is on fire.”He _ his mother _ on fire.2He said,“the earth goes around the sun.”Our teacher told us that the earth _ around the sun yesterday.3He said,“Have you received my letter？”He asked me _ I _ his let
16、ter.4Father asked Peter when he went to bed the night before.“_？”Father said to Peter.5He said,“How much do you pay for the computer？”He asked _ for the computer.6“Have you seen the film？”he asked me.He asked me _.7“Have you ever been to Guilin？”he asked me.He asked me _.8“When did you go to bed las
17、t night？”mother said to me.Mother asked me _ the night before.9Mr Green asked,“Jack,did you see the film yesterday？”Mr Green asked Jack whether he saw the film _.10“The man has been sent to the nearest hospital.”the girl said.The girl said that the man _ to the nearest hospital.11An English teacher
18、asked his students,“Are you interested in my lessons？”An English teacher asked his students if _ were interested in _ lessons.12He said,“My car has been stolen and I will have to telephone the police.”He said that his car _ stolen and he _ have to telephone the police.13The student said to me,“I hav
19、e made a close study of the problem.”The student told me that she _ a close study of the problem.14“You must come here before five.”he said.He said that I must _ before five.答案与解析：1答案：told;the house was2解析：直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语表示的是客观真理，则间接引语时态不变(一般现在时)。答案：goes3答案：whether/if;had received4答案：When did you g
20、o to bed last night5解析：他问我买电脑花了多少钱。直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语要变为由原特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，且用陈述语序；引述动词用了过去时态，直接引语中的一般现在时在变为间接引语时要变为一般过去时。答案：how much I paid6解析：句意：他问我是否看过那部电影。直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语要变为 whether/if 引导的宾语从句；引述动词用的是过去时态，直接引语中的现在完成时在变为间接引语时要用过去完成时。答案：whether/if I had seen the film7解析：句意：他问我是否去过桂林。直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语要变成由 if
21、/whether 引导的宾语从句；引述动词用了过去时态，直接引语中的现在完成时在变成间接引语时要用过去完成时。答案：whether/if I had ever been to Guilin8解析：句意：妈妈问我前一天晚上什么时候睡觉的。直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语变为由原疑问词引导的宾语从句，且用陈述语序；直接引语中的第二人称代词(you)按照引述动词的宾语(me)变化，变为 I。答案：when I had gone to bed9解析：直接引语变间接引语时，时间状语要作相应的变化，yesterday 要变为 the day before。答案：the day before10解析：句意：那
22、个女孩说那个男人已经被送到最近的医院了。引述动词用了过去时态，直接引语中的现在完成时在变为间接引语时要变为过去完成时。答案：had been sent11解析：直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语主语为第二人称，则间接引语(宾语从句)的主语与主句的宾语在人称上保持一致，即 you 变为 they；由句意可知句中的 my 应改为 his。答案：they;his12解析：句意为：他说他的车被偷了，不得不报警。直接引语变间接引语时，现在完成时变为过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时。答案：had been;would 13解析：said 为 say 的过去式，若直接引语为现在完成时，间接引语应用过去完成
23、时。答案：had made14解析：直接引语变间接引语时，动词和地点状语要作相应的变化，come 要变为 go,here 要变成 there。答案：go there.书面表达 下面是一个中学生给某报编辑写的一封信，仔细阅读并就信的内容以编辑的名义给此中学生写一封 100 词左右的回信。Dear Editor，I am an active girl and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom,like a boy.I dont care about small matters.On the contrary,my neighbour,the gir
24、l who sits next to me,speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do.I can understand this.What I cant stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things.How can I get along with her?Yours sincerely，SunnyDear Sunny，_Yours，Editor Tape范文：Dear Sunny，Its very good that you want to make
25、friends with the girl.In my opinion,youd better first have a heart-to-heart talk with her,because understanding each other is very important for you two.And I also think its better for you to ask her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities,such as birthday parties,going out for a walk,discussing some fashionable topics,and so on.Besides,helping each other is also very important for both of you.Just share happiness and sadness with her.And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain that you will be good friends in future.Good luck to you.Yours，Editor Tape