1、Unit 1 Friendship 第四学时 Grammar 语法精讲直接引语和间接引语（1）【观察领悟】观察领悟下列句子，找出其规律。1a.She said，“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.”bShe said(that)she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people did.4a.She said,“My brother wants to go with me.”bShe said he
2、r brother wanted to go with her.5 a.He said to Kate，“How is your sister now？”bHe asked Kate how her sister was then.bHe said that he had seen her the night before.3a.Mary said,“Im hungry.”bMary said she was hungry.2a.He said，“I saw her last night.”7a.She said,“I lost a pen.”bShe said that she had lo
3、st a pen.8a.She said to me,“Are you interested in science？”bShe asked me if I was interested in science.bThe girl said that she liked English very much.6a.The girl said,“I like English very much.”【自我归纳】以上的例句中a组是_，前后要加引号；b组是_，不用加引号，而用宾语从句或复合宾语来表达。一、定义直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直
4、接引语间接引语二、变化直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。1连接词的选择(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。”(直接引语为陈述句)The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knock
5、ed at the door.小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间 接引语中用whether(.or.或.or not)或if引导。Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新
6、房间满意。(间接引语改为由whether/if引导的宾语从句)(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.他说：“什么时候举行运动会？”(直接引语为特殊疑问句)He asked when the sports meet would be held.他问什么时候举行运动会。(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)2人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。(记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更
7、新。(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”注意：疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要注意：(1)如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。(2)要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。玛丽说，“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及
8、宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？”Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work e
9、xtra hours.”工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。”The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.工人们说领导经常让工人们加班。3时态的变化His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进
10、行时)The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)注意：直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时。(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。(3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。4指示词、状语及动词的变化跟踪练习Zhou Lan said that_ it
11、 after class.2He said，“I was born in 1995.”He said that he_1995.一、将下列句子由直接引语变成间接引语 1Zhou Lan said，“Ill do it after class.”was born inshe would do5She said，“Is your father an engineer？”She _me _father _an engineer.3He said，“I promise I wont say anything until I hear from you.”He said that _ say anyth
12、ing until he heard from me.4He said to me，“I cant find my book.”He told me that _ book.he promised he wouldnthe couldnt find his askedwasif my6The teacher said to Li Ming，“Have you finished your homework？”The teacher _Li Ming _ homework.7He said，“I was driving carefully when the accidentHe said that
13、 _ when the accidenthappened.askedif he had finished his_ _ he had been driving carefully_ _ _ _ 8“Amy，have you seen my blue notebook？”Peter asked.Peter Amy _ blue notebook._二、完成下列句子askedif she had seen his1他告诉母亲如果有足够的时间，他会去游泳。He _his mother that if he _enough time，he_ .toldhadwould go swimming2他问我们
14、汤姆是那天还是那天的前一天离开的。He _us _Tom_ that day or _.3他对我说：“我把书留在你的房间里了。”He _me，“_the book in _room.”askedwhetherhad leftthe day beforesaid toI leftyour4父亲问彼得：“你昨晚什么时候睡觉的？”Father _Peter，“_to bed _？”5小女孩大声回答道：“太阳从东边升起，西边落下！”The little girl _loudly，“The sun_in the east and _in the west！”三、语法填空askedWhen did you
15、 golast nightreplied/answeredrisessets6._next week and that he didnt know how many times he7._(fail)and 8._he could catch up with others and hoped that his father 9._(will)not give him too much pressure from10._on.to be and 4._ hed like to be a lawyer.Li Ping told his father that thereLi Ping told m
16、e 1._he 2._(have)a talk with his father two days before.His father asked him 3._he wantedthat had hadwhatwhether/if 5._ be an examwouldthehad failedhow wouldthen2The doctor asked him how he is feeling then._3The woman asked the policeman that he could tell her how to get to the nearest restaurant._四、单句改错1I told him that I lost my money and that I would find it._losthad lostiswasthatif/whether5My friend asked me what he was doing at 900 am the day before._4The woman asked him why he has to sleep in the open air._hashadheI