2025版高考英语一轮总复习真题探究 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World.doc

1、必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World (2018全国卷)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of spe

2、ech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more s

3、ettled and fewer in number.In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant langua

4、ges such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, o

5、ften spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are

6、spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico(150)，Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu i

7、n Australia(one, with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? B AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely connected.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When the world was s

8、till populated by hunter-gatherers.they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知，在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代，人们使用的语言种类很多。故选B。2Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in Paragraph 2? C AComplex. BAdvanced.CPowerful. DModern.解析：词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“.all have caused many languages to disappear”和下文的“

9、such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”，所以选C项。故选C。3How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? B AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At present, the world has about 6,800

10、languages.”和最后一句中的“is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知，B项正确。故选B。4What is the main idea of the text? C ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography

11、determines language evolution.解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代，语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展，许多语种消失了。由此可知，人类的发展导致了语种的减少，所以选C项。故选C。理清脉络语言能力(一)高级词块distribution n分布survival n幸存extinction n灭绝，消亡settled adj.稳定的take over占上风(二)长难句突破The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.分析：本句是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是The general rule, is是系动词。其中that引导 表语 从句；在表语从句中，while用作并列连词，表示 前后对比 。 翻译： 一般的规律是，温带的语言种类相对较少，且通常有许多人使用，而炎热、潮湿的区域则有很多种语言，通常有少量的人使用。