1、四川省眉山市2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空专题训练（10）附答案AWords：329难度系数：建议用时：8分钟A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some fouryearolds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it.Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see.Some last a few minutes before they give in.B
2、ut others are determined to wait until the last moment.By the time the children reach high school，something remarkable has happened.A survey found that those who as fouryearolds had enough selfcontrol to hold out generally grew up to be more popular，adventurous，confident and dependable.The children
3、who gave in to temptation(诱惑) early on were more likely to be lonely，easily frustrated(沮丧)and inflexible(固守己见的)Actually，the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesnt show up on an IQ test.The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists
4、concerns.But brain theory cant explain what we wonder about most，like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul.Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman，writer of Emotional Intelligence: when it comes to predicting peoples success，brain a
5、bility as measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as “character”EQ is not the opposite of IQ.What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together; how ones ability to handle stress，for instance，affects the ability to concentrate and put
6、 intelligence to use.Among the factors for success，researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from social class to luck.While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously，some few fear EQ invi
7、tes misuse.1The experiment with the fouryearolds makes it clear that _.Athe age of 4 is a proper time for scientific experiment Bemotional intelligence wont show up until adolescenceCthe ability of selfcontrol plays a role in personal successDcandy can be used to measure a persons emotional intellig
8、ence 解析：选C。考查逻辑推理能力。从第2段第2句可推理出答案。2Which of the following is true of EQ and IQ according to the text?AThe higher a persons EQ is，the higher his or her IQ is.BThe higher a persons IQ is，the higher his or her EQ is.CSome people can be blessed with lots of both，but some with little of either.DScientist
9、s have already discovered the way in which EQ and IQ work together.解析：选C。考查逻辑推理能力。从倒数第2段第1句EQ is not the opposite of IQ.可推理出答案。3The underlined word “upbeat” in Paragraph 4 probably means _.Akind BfloatingCexcited Doptimistic 解析：选D。考查根据上下文推断生词词义的能力。D信息从该句中的sink可推理出。4What is most likely to be written
10、in the paragraph that follows?AInformation about famous people with high EQ. BExamples showing the opposite voice about EQ.CSome reasons why EQ is a relatively new field.DStrong demand for basic emotional education.解析：选B。考查对文章结构的把握和逻辑推理能力。B信息从文章的最后部分some few fear EQ invites misuse可推理出。*结束 Paris, Jan
11、 11An armored car robbery last night ended in a wild gun battle that left two men dead and one hostage seriously woundedThe drama began when an armored car carrying the contents of safe deposit boxes to a bank was struck by a large truck, police saidThe bank guards were helpless when the robbers jum
12、ped out of the truck and tied them upThe thieves used heavy tools and explosives to break open the armored carA passing police car turned to investigate the accident as the men were removing the contents of the armored carPolice said the three robbers fled on foot across a nearby highwayStopping a p
13、rivate car driven by a teenager girl, the three headed for central Paris with the police car in hot pursuitA plainclothes policeman saw the car as it ran down through the street of the Latin QuarterThe policeman tried to stop the car, but the thieves started shooting at him, witness saidThe girl hos
14、tage tried to slip awayJust as she was crawling away from the car, she was hit by a bulletPolice said she was out of danger at Central HospitalThe gunmen gave up the car and got into a shop, pouring fire on more than 50 policemen who had surrounded the buildingAfter a wild gun-battle, police broke i
15、nto the roomThey only found two of the gunmen, both seriously woundedThe third thief was believed to have escaped with over $13 million in cash and jewels48The passage is about _Aa gun-battle between the policemen and the government soldiersBa bank robbery in ParisCa group of gunmens robbing an armo
16、red car in the streetDhow a teenaged girl got seriously wounded49The thieves came_ _and they _Ain a police car; stole the armored carBin a truck; broke open the armored carCin an armored truck; drove the money car awayDin an armored car; opened the armored car with heavy tools50The three robbers fle
17、d on foot across a nearby highway because_ _Aa passing police car found themBthe explosives were too strongCthe contains of the armored car were too heavyDthe truck broke down51A plainclothes policeman is_Anot a policeman but a soliderBnot a policeman but a gunmanCa policeman but he cant use gunsDa
18、policeman but he doesnt wear a uniform*结束【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道，内容时新。 一、材料特点 阅读材料的组成有一个共同的特点，即都是由标题(Headline)、导语(Introduction)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一自然段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。下面分别叙述这五个部分在阅读理解中的作用。 探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也
19、是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。广告类阅读题的五大特点 1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。 2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 4
20、. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多”特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。 5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这
21、类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top
22、 of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called
23、Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q：Hoover Dam lies_ .A.between Arizona and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between N
24、ew York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I w
25、on the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station h
26、elped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_ .A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。
27、在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题（title,headline）；2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；3.中心思想(main idea)； 4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。 二、此类题的设问方式1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.W
28、hat is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be
29、inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_. 8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conc
30、lude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?1
31、6.In the writers opinion,.近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如According to the passage.,It can be inferred from the passage that.；It can be concluded from the passage
32、 that.等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如It can be inferred from the passage that.；It can be concluded from the passage that.等，先浏览一下4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，
33、那么推理题，如infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.The word “.”in Line.means/can be replaced by.2.As used in t
34、he passage,the phrase “.”suggests.3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “.” is/referred to.4.The word “.” is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。 2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and at las
35、t got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first cl
36、ass.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes
37、 the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。*结束第*套完形填空（共20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。Charlie and Jackie joined a wholesale company together just after graduation. Both worked very
38、hard.After several years, the boss promoted Jackie to sales executive but Charlie 36 a salesman. One day Charlie could not 37 it anymore, tendered his resignation(辞职书)to the boss and complained the boss did not 38 hard working staff, but only promoted those who flattered him. He thought it was reall
39、y 39 .The boss knew that Charlie had spared no 40 for the company all these years, but in order to help Charlie realize the 41 between him and Jackie, the boss asked Charlie to do the 42 : “Go and find out if anyone is selling watermelon in the market.” Charlie returned and 43 said yes. The boss ask
40、ed, “How much per kg?” Charlie went back to the market to ask and returned to _44 12 per kg.The boss told Charlie that he would ask Jackie the 45 question. Jackie went, returned andsaid, “Boss, only one person is selling watermelon, 12 per kg, 100 for 10kg. He has a 46 of 340 melons. On the table th
41、ere are 58 melons and every melon weighs about 15kg , 47 from the South two days ago. They are fresh, red and of good 48 .” Charlie was 49 and realized the difference between himself and Jackie. He decided not to_50 but to learn from Jackie.My dear friends, a more 51 person is more observant, thinks
42、 more and understands in 52 .For the same matter, a more successful person sees several years ahead, 53 you see only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365 times, how can you 54 ?Think! How far have you seen ahead in your life? How 55 in depth are you?36. A. made B. because C. rema
43、ined D. kept37. A. take B. do C. get D. put38. A. enjoy B. meet C. reply D. value39. A. unusual B. unfair C. careless D. selfless40. A. rest B. trouble C. effect D. effort41. A. competition B. relationship C. difference D. distance42. A. following B. finding C. shopping D. searching43. A. still B. a
44、gain C. even D. only44. A. offer B. answer C. remind D. repeat45. A. difficult B. familiar C. same D. simple46. A. total B. lot C. pile D. number47. A. taken B. come C. bought D. heard48. A. value B. quality C. condition D. shape49. A. struck B. moved C. puzzled D. encouraged50. A. stay B. stop C. work D. leave51. A. important B. intelligent C. successful D. hardworking52. A. time B. depth C. need D. common53. A. while B. though C. unless D. since54. A. see B. think C. know D. win55. A. hopeful B. thoughtful C. helpful D. meaningful参考答案 36-55CADBD CADBC ACBAD CBADB*结束