1、课时分层作业(七)Section 高考题型练习提能力.阅读理解AOctopuses (章鱼) are sea animals famous for their rounded bodies，bulging eyes，and eight long arms.They live in all the worlds oceans but there are especially more octopuses in warm，tropical (热带的) waters.Octopuses，like their cousin，the squid (乌贼)，are often considered “mo
2、nsters of the deep”，though some species，or types，occupy relatively shallow waters.Most octopuses stay along the oceans floor，although some species are pelagic，which means they live near the waters surface.Other octopus species live in deep，dark waters，rising from below at dawn and dusk to search for
3、 food.Crabs and shrimps rank among their favorite foods，though some can attack larger prey (猎物)，like sharks.Octopuses typically drop down on their prey from above and，using powerful suctions that line their arms，pull the animals into their mouths.The octopus performs its famous backward swim by blow
4、ing up water through a muscular tube on the body called a siphon.Octopuses also crawl along the oceans floor，putting their arms into small openings to search for food.Seals，whales，and large fish prey on octopuses.If threatened，octopuses shoot an inky liquid that darkens the water，confusing the other
5、 animals.The octopus can also change to gray，brown，pink，blue，or green to mix with its surroundings.Octopuses may also change color as a way to communicate with other octopuses.Octopuses are solitary creatures that live alone in dens (巢穴) built from rocks，which the octopus moves into place using its
6、powerful arms.Octopuses sometimes even fashion a rock “door” for their dens that pull closed when the octopus is safely inside.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍的是章鱼的生活习性。1In which place can we find more octopuses?AThe ocean near Hainan. BThe river near Canada.CThe Arctic Ocean.DThe South Pole.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but there ar
7、e especially more octopuses in warm，tropical waters.”可知，在海南附近的海洋中能找到更多的章鱼。2What is a way for octopuses to communicate with each other?AUsing special signals. BMaking special sounds.CLiving together in a group.DChanging their own colors.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Octopuses may also change color as a way to comm
8、unicate with other octopuses.”可知，章鱼通过改变颜色的方式与其他章鱼进行交流。3What do we know about octopuses?AThey just stay in deep ocean.BThey eat food by using their teeth.CThey dont like hunting large animals.DThey shoot an inky liquid to avoid dangers.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话可知，它们喷射出墨汁似的物质迷惑敌人，以避开危险。BIn the Arctic Ocean wa
9、ters live the social animalsbelugas，which is also known as white whales.Highly intelligent，these whales use different sounds to communicate and find their way.Belugas are also among the smallest kinds of whales.More than 210 belugas，including 31 in the United States，live in aquariums (水族馆) around th
10、e world.The Georgia Aquarium has asked for permission to bring 18 more belugas into the US.The whales were caught off the coast of Russia.The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is considering the aquariums request thoroughly.A law called the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) sa
11、ys the animals can only be brought into the country and put on display if they are caught without being hurt and there is an educational reason for doing so.Georgia Aquarium officials say the 18 belugas will help people learn more about the species and allow scientists to better understand how to pr
12、otect it.The aquarium would also breed the whales so the US aquariums can continue to display them.“When we can study and observe，we gain a better understanding of their biology and diseases that affect them，and learn how to aid populations in their natural habitats，” says William Hurley，Georgia Aqu
13、ariums chief officer.“Much of this research would be impossible in the remote locations and extreme climates where the animals live.” The Georgia Aquarium would own the 18 belugas and would rent some to aquariums across the country.Meanwhile，many scientists，including Lori Marino，a whale expert，feel
14、strongly that the whales belong in the ocean，not in tanks.These scientists say the whales are being used for entertainment and not for education，and having them in aquariums is not necessary for the species to survive.Marino said，“Not only is it unfair to the belugas but there is no educational valu
15、e in putting these whales on display.” 【语篇解读】白鲸是一种生活在北极的聪明的动物，现在有210多头生活在人类世界的水族馆里，美国的一家水族馆请求再引进18头，引起了专家们的争论。4What can we learn about belugas?AThey live in the Atlantic Ocean.BThey are highly thought of.CThey are very smart whales.DThey are the smallest in number.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Highly intelligent.”
16、可得出答案。5If the Georgia Aquariums request is allowed， Atherell be 210 belugas in the worldB259 belugas in all will be kept in aquariumsCthere will be 49 belugas kept in aquariums in the USD18 belugas will be caught by Russians C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“including 31 in the United States，live in aquariums”以及“to br
17、ing 18 more belugas into the US”可得出答案。 6According to Marine Mammal Protection Act， Athe request should be refused without considerationBanimals cannot be brought into the US and put on displayCanimals can only be caught if they were hurtDanimals cannot be caught for commercial purposesD细节理解题。根据第二段最后
18、一句话可知B、C两项错误；根据该段第三句话可知A项错误。7What does the third paragraph intend to tell us?AThe reasons why Georgia Aquarium requests for the 18 belugas.BHow the 18 belugas will be dealt with in Georgia Aquarium.CBelugas can live better in human care in Georgia Aquarium.DScientific research about the belugas can
19、be done better in the wild.A段落大意题。本段主要介绍了乔治亚州水族馆的主管说明申请引进18头白鲸的理由。.阅读七选五The dangers faced by the ocean may seem terrible. In the face of pollution, climate change and other serious problems, what you can do alone may seem little. 1 Here are some ways to get started：Be waterwise. All waters on the ea
20、rth are connected, so you can help keep the ocean clean by using as little fertilizer (化肥) as possible when growing plants in your yard. 2 Much energy is wasted in transporting foods from far away. Whats more, remember that trash you throw away doesnt disappear. So dont throw wastes into the ocean.B
21、e fishfriendly. Scientists guess that up to 90% of large predatory fish (those that eat other animals) have disappeared since humans began heavy fishing. 3 You should choose sustainable seafood in restaurants. When fishing on your own, make sure you follow all local catch limits.Cut carbon. We shoul
22、d try to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide given off as we go about our daily activities. 4 5 A trip to the ocean is a great way to learn more about the ocean. But when you visit, make sure you arent causing harm. If you plan to take a cruise for your next vacation, do some research to find the mo
23、st ecofriendly way.ATravel the ocean in a responsible way.BTo protect fish, you need to watch what you eat.CIf possible, try to look for products grown close to where you live.DDont buy products that are made from sea animals or animal parts.EBut if we begin working together now, we can make a huge
24、difference.FAs a result of global warming, everyone needs to learn how to save energy.GTo achieve this, we should try to walk, bike or take the bus to work or school.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，作者告诉我们应该怎样做才能更好地保护海洋。1E为保护海洋一个人的努力可能微不足道，但如果大家一起努力，那影响就大了。E项和上文形成对比。2C尽可能买本地产的食物，这样可以减少运输途中所需要的能源。3B该空后提示选择可持续的食物，这和B项相对应
25、。4G选项中的this指的是“try to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide”。G项中步行、骑自行车或乘坐公交车工作或上学能够减少碳排放，和前文呼应。5A最后一段举例说明在乘船游玩的时候要选择对海洋环境最有利的方式，这和A项相呼应。.语法填空Whales look like fish and swim like fish. But they arent fish at all. They are mammals.Whales cant stay in the 1._(deep) of the sea all the time as fish do. The
26、y have to come up for air from time to time. They breathe through blowholes at the top of their heads. When their warm breath hits the much 2._(cold) air outside, it makes a cloud of mist 3._(call) a “spout(水柱)”. You can spot a whale by its spout.Fish cant make sounds but whales can. They make sound
27、s 4._(communicate) with each other. 5_ biggest whale of all is the blue whale. It is 6._(absolute) huge. It can be 110 feet long and weighs more than 150 tons. Thats more than ten buses put together!Finding food is a simple matter for blue whales. They just swim along 7._ their huge mouths open, and
28、 thousands of tiny sea creatures flow in. But blue whales have no teeth. Instead, they have strings of hardened skin like our fingernails, 8._ hang from the roof of the mouth. This hardened skin 9._(use) as a strainer(过滤器) to let out the water while 10._ (hold) back the trapped sea creatures.【语篇解读】鲸
29、鱼看上去像鱼，但它们并不是鱼，而是哺乳动物。1depths考查名词。the depths of the sea意为“海洋深处”。2colder考查形容词比较级。由语境可知，外面的空气比鲸鱼呼出的气冷，且其前有much修饰，故填colder。3called考查过去分词作定语的用法。a cloud of mist后跟后置定语，call与a cloud of mist之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且call所表示的动作已发生，故填called。4to communicate考查不定式作状语的用法。鲸鱼们发出声音的目的是彼此交流，故填to communicate。5The考查定冠词。形容词最高级前面要用定冠
30、词，故填The。6absolutely考查副词。设空处修饰形容词huge，故填副词absolutely。7with考查介词。此处是with复合结构作状语。8which考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明strings of hardened skin，且在从句中作主语，故填which。9is used考查一般现在时的被动语态。由语境可知，此处用一般现在时，又因skin与use之间是被动关系，故填is used。10holding考查动词ing形式作状语的用法。while与设空处构成“连词分词”结构，因主语This hardened skin与hold back之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填holding。