1、2018高考英语（通用）二轮训练：阅读理解（细节理解）含答案阅读理解-细节理解题1特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。2判断是非的形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或EXCEPT等词的判断是非的问题。要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3以“According to.”开头的提问形式。4填空形式。如The teacher used Tinkertoys in order to .(2016全国，25)1直接信息题题干定位法细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，
2、只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。题干定位法典题印证(2016全国，A片段)Rosa Parks (19132005)On December 1,1995，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off
3、the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.23Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.?AJane Addams. BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor. DRosa Parks.答案D解析细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“civilrights”可将答案锁定在“Rosa Parks”一栏中；根据本段中的“Her simple act landed
4、Parks in prison.and kicked off the civilrights movement.”可知，Rosa Parks推动了美国民权运动，故D正确。名师点津此类题目适合寻读法，带着问题找句子，即先看问题，记住关键词，如人物、时间、事件、地点等，然后带着问题阅读文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。2间接信息题断章取义法间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的语言形式复述出来。断章取义法典题印证(2015浙江，A片段)From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a
5、constant source of possible failure and public humiliation.When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading.This means that when they dont know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in fro
6、nt of everyone.After having taught fifthgrade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books，and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.41According to the passage，childrens fear and dislike of books may result from .Areading little and
7、 thinking littleBreading often and adventurouslyCbeing made to read too muchDbeing made to read aloud before others答案D解析细节理解题。题干的意思是：根据文章，孩子们害怕或者不喜欢读书是因为 。根据本段第二、三句“When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can be sure they know all the words t
8、hey are reading.This means that when they dont know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone.”可知孩子们被要求当众大声朗读，当他们不认识单词的时候，他们会犯错，而且是在所有的人面前犯错，这会让他们害怕。此题没有直接答案而是用一种同义表达的形式提示答案。3排序题首尾排除法这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出
9、正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除，得出正确选项。4数字计算题查读分析法此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”，即先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。典题印证(2014四川，C片段)A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction
10、which stopped his heart.Izzy，nine，restarted her father Colms heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR.However，she quickly dis
11、covered her arms werent strong enough，so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压) until the ambulance arrived.Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I
12、knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”40Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999.Izzy learned CPR.Colms heart stoppe
13、d.A BC D答案C解析事件排序题。根据文章的叙述可知，女孩以前就学会了CPR，在父亲的心脏停止跳动之后，她的母亲先拨打了999，女孩想要在救护车到来前对父亲进行急救，却发现自己的手臂力气不够用，才采用踩父亲胸部的方式。故选C。典题印证(2015四川，C片段)Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would
14、earn as much as 172,000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.38How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?A30,000.
15、B142,000.C172,000. D202,000.答案B解析数字计算题。根据文中的“.they would earn as much as 172,000 a year.”以及“This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.”可知，总理的工资是172 00030 000142 000。故选择B。.单词梳理A词汇与派生1lazy adj.lazily adv.2terrify vt.terrified adj.3faith nfaithful adj.4survive vi.sur
16、vival n.5secure adj.security n.6limit n&vt.limited adj.7confident adj.confidence n.8responsible adj.responsibility n.9free adj.freedom n.10significant adj.significance n.B选用上述词汇的正确形式填空1Today we have the freedom to decide our own futures.2This gives your life great significance and value.3I went back
17、 to my bed，laying there lazily with eyes closed and mind wandering around.4He was told that he had only a one in 500 chance of survival.5We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health.6I dont feel secure when I am alone in the house.7Dont worry.I wont let him terrify you.8I can say
18、with confidence that such rumors were totally groundless.9They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.10Her husband was always faithful to her.短语提炼A根据汉语提示写出文中短语1看得见；进入视野come into view2处于困境中in trouble3捡起pick up4抓住take hold of5附属于；依附于be attached to6可以利用；可以接近have access to7遭受
19、suffer from8取得联系get in touch withB运用上述短语完成下列句子1目前公司里只有两个人可以查阅秘密档案。Only two men in the company have access to the secret records at present.2我收到信后马上和他取得了联系。I got in touch with him immediately after I received the letter.3转过拐角我们就看见了埃菲尔铁塔的塔尖。As we turned the corner，the top of the Eiffel Tower came into
20、 view.4这个学院附设一所中学。There is a middle school attached to the college.5他捡起刀子递给我。He picked up the knife and gave it to me.6他视力不好，再也不能正常阅读了。He suffered from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.7我处于困境时他帮助了我。He helped me when I was in trouble.8他过来握住我的手。He came over and took hold of my hand.句式活学
21、运用1Mathilda has to do the same thing outside of school hours to get the water her family needs at home，leaving her little time for studying.句式分析句中的to get the water是不定式短语在句中作目的状语；leaving her little time for studying是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。翻译Mathilda在校外也不得不做同样的事情，为家人获取需要的水，这留给她很少的时间学习。仿写新的机器将运转得更快，因此会降低我们的成本。
22、The new machines will work faster，thus reducing our cost.2But the fact is that the effects of climate change will be felt globally.句式分析句中的that引导表语从句。翻译但事实上气候变化的影响将在全球都能感受到。仿写他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。His suggestion is that we (should) stay calm.单词梳理A词汇与派生1punctual adj.punctuality n.2desperate adj.desperately a
23、dv.3convince vt.convincing adj.4scare vt.scared adj.5profession nprofessional adj.6experience nexperienced adj.7skill nskilled adj.8possible adj.possibility n.9apply vt.application n.10announce vt.announcement n.B选用上述词汇的正确形式填空1In order to improve my English，I applied for an evening school.2Perhaps i
24、ts time you considered a new profession.3Experienced teachers help you learn quickly.4If you ask a girl out on a date，it is very important to be punctual.5Not all doctors are skilled in helping their patients make choices.6He was desperate when he lost all his money.7Im scared of the dark.Im a big c
25、hicken.8The critics show us some convincing evidence.9Sir Robert made his announcement after talks with the President.10We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.短语提炼A根据汉语提示写出文中短语1注视，监视keep ones eyes on2坚持insist on3让下车drop.off4每四年every four years5回应in response6开车接某人pick sb.up7依靠；相信depend
26、 on8过去常常做某事used to do sth.B运用上述短语完成下列句子1. 今天下午我要开车去接几个朋友。Im going to pick up some friends this afternoon.2你必须每四小时吃一次药。You must take this medicine every four hours.3你可以相信他所说的。You can depend on what he says.4她坚持所有采访自己都要在场。She insisted on being present at all the interviews.5她听了他的笑话大笑起来。She laughed in
27、response to his jokes.6他密切注视着前方的路。He kept his eyes on the road ahead.7我以前总是和妈妈一起熬夜看电影。I used to stay up late with my mom and watch movies.8我让他在汽车站下了车。I dropped him off at the bus stop.句式活学运用1Beijing has become the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games after beating Kazakhstans Alma
28、ty to hold the 2022 Winter Olympics.句式分析句中的to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games是不定式短语，在句中作定语。名词前面有序数词修饰的时候用不定式作定语。翻译击败哈萨克斯坦的阿拉木图成为举办2022年冬奥会的城市后，北京成了第一个既举办了夏季奥运会又举办冬季奥运会的城市。仿写汤姆是第一个被问到的人。Tom is the first person to be asked.2The cat looked down，and then gazed into the sky as if it were lookin
29、g for something.句式分析句中as if表示“似乎，好像”，从句用虚拟语气表示和事实相反的假设。翻译那只猫朝下看了看，然后凝视着天空，好像在找什么。仿写我最好的朋友突然待我如陌生人。My best friend suddenly treats me as if/though I were a stranger.训练题选编(2017郑州市第一次质量预测) Travelling to Europe to see its famous monuments like the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Colosseum(古罗马竞技场)in Rome，is
30、 not exactly the ideal vacation for kids.Fortunately, Europe has more to offer than lots of old churches and ancient history.You can enjoy some fun with your kids in the sun at some of the famous beaches of the continent.Mykonos，GreeceThe closer you get to the equator，the longer the beach season is，
31、and Greece is wonderful for that.You can enjoy beautiful green water，public chairs and lovely umbrellas at the beaches in Mykonos.Dubrovnik，CroatiaTheres nothing more attractive than the beautiful beaches bordering Dubrovnik, Croatias most beautiful city. Its surrounded by stone walls like a castle.
32、It almost makes you feel like youre suntanning(晒黑皮肤)at Hogwarts，where the hero Harry Potter of the story is trained!Sicily，ItalyRabbit Beach on the island of Sicily offers shallow and crystal clear waters，making it a perfect beach for families with young children.And if you want to add interest to y
33、our experience，try snorkeling(徒手潜水)Nice，FranceLined with palm trees and firstclass hotels，the city of Nice，located on the French Riviera，offers a whole coastline of Mediterranean beaches.Because theyre in the heart of the city, these beaches attract a large crowd.So if youre looking for something mo
34、re private，youll have to travel a few miles outside of the city center.Ribadeo，SpainAt low tide，Playa de las Catedrales in Ribadeo，Spain is the perfect beach to take in the natural wonders without urban amusements like restaurants，bars or huge crowds.It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock
35、formations making it truly a picture worthy.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了几个适合孩子去度假的欧洲旅游胜地。1What makes Dubrovnik so special?AIt is surrounded by stone walls.BIt has the most attractive coastline.CIt has the longest beach season.DIt is the training center of Harry Potter.A考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Theres nothing more attractive.
36、 Its surrounded by stone walls like a castle.”可知，Dubrovnik的特别之处就是它像城堡一样被石墙所围绕。2If you plan to go to a beach in the city，where should you go?AMykonos.BSicily.CNice.DRibadeo.C考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Because theyre in the heart of the city，these beaches attract a large crowd.”可知，选C。3Which of the following i
37、s true about Ribadeo?AVisitors can try snorkeling there.BIt offers visitors firstclass hotels.CIt has restaurants，bars and huge crowds.DVisitors can enjoy unique rock formations there.D考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句“It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations making it truly a picture worthy.”可知
38、，游客们可以欣赏到Ribadeo独一无二的岩石构造。4What do all the beaches have in common?AThey have beautiful wild flowers.BThey are famous European beaches.CThey are wellknown for their green water.DThey provide visitors with urban amusements.B考查细节理解。根椐第一段多处出现的“Europe”和“You can enjoy some fun. the continent.”可知，文章中介绍的所有景点都在欧洲，结合全文可知，这些景点都是海滩。