1、突破 语法大冲关UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES名词性从句观察例句 1What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.2Its important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.3That is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.4Her tutor explained th
2、at she was supposed to read lots of information to help form a wise opinion of her own.5He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.6The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.归纳用法 1以上例句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2例句 1 为 what 引导的主语从句。例句 2 中 it 为形式主语，真正
3、的主语为后面 that 引导的主语从句。3例句 3 为 why 引导的表语从句。4例句 4 为 that 引导的宾语从句。例句 5 中 it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面 that 引导的宾语从句。5例句 6 为 that 引导的同位语从句。名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。连接词词形词义 在从句中所作的成分that 连词if/whe
4、ther 是否who(ever)(无论)谁(主格)主语、表语、宾语whom(ever)(无论)谁(宾格)表语、宾语 whose(ever)(无论)谁的(所有格)定语 what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语连接代词which(ever)(无论)哪个主语、宾语、定语when(ever)(无论)什么时候状语where(ever)(无论)在哪里状语how(ever)(无论)怎样，怎么 状语连接副词why为什么状语二、主语从句 主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。What is not to our satisfaction is that the price of
5、the meal is a little too high.我们不满意的是饭菜的价格稍微有点高。How the book will sell depends on its author.这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。1that 引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不可省略。That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。2whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但 i
6、f引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需要用 it 作形式主语。Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now.运动会是否将举行现在还不能确定。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。3若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语 it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。It is announced that our schoo
7、l is going to start an activity of“Crazy English”before daily morning exercises.学校通知每日早操前将开展“疯狂英语”活动。It is necessary that people should learn to face the reality.人们应该学会面对现实是有必要的。即学即练 1 单句语法填空 is certain that she will do well in her exam.we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.It is re
8、ported a new film will be put on in the cinema.ItHowthat三、宾语从句 在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。I doubt whether he will be elected as chairman.我怀疑他是否会当选为主席。These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall
9、 in summer.这两个地区相似，因为在夏天降水都很多。Im not certain whether the train will arrive on time.我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。1that 引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时，第一个 that 可以省略，其他的不能省略。She said(that)she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。2if 和 whether 引导宾语从句的区别：在动词不定式之前只能用 whether
10、。在 whether.or not 的固定搭配中，只用 whether。在介词后，只能用 whether。作 discuss 的宾语时，只能用 whether。宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。3带复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)的句子，that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用 it 作形式宾语。4表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词(短语)后习惯上先加个形式宾语 it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，love，dont mind，feel like，appreciate，rely on，count on，see to 等。We think it possible t
11、hat you can finish the work today.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。5宾语从句的否定转移：think，believe，suppose，imagine 等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think we need to waste much time on it.我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定)即学即练 2 单句语法填空 I hate when they talk with their mouths full of food.Once we were left to dec
12、ide to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.itwhetherwhat四、表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语连系动词表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有 be，look，remain，seem 等。The question is whether we can finish the work in time.问题在于我们是否能及时完成这项工作。1that 在引导表语从句时无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，
13、但不可以省略。The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough.事实依然是我们还是不够先进。2whether 可引导表语从句，但 if 却通常不用于引导表语从句。His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.他的首要问题是汤姆是否已经到达。3引导表语从句的引导词还可用 because，as if，as though，as。The sky is overcast with dark clouds.It seems as if it is going to rain soon.天空乌
14、云密布。似乎很快就要下雨了。即学即练 3 单句语法填空 The problem is we can get to replace her.Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is he never finishes anything.The system works well in the lab，but the question is it will work in reality.who/whomwhywhether五、同位语从句 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的
15、这类名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，promise，order，problem，belief，word，message，information，proof，announcement，desire，doubt，proposal，advice，possibility 等。The news that he was admitted to Peking University is exciting.他被北京大学录取了的消息真是令人激动。The question who should do the work requir
16、es consideration.谁应当做这份工作，这个问题需要考虑。I have no idea that you have applied for the post.我不知道你已经申请了这个职位。名师点津 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句定语从句 功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用 that不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略 whether/how/what起连接作用，其中 whether不作成分，而 how 和 what作成分不引导定语从句 其他 wh-类词作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词无
17、关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分 Jim got to know the news that the whole village was in great danger.吉姆得知了整个村子都处在极度危险中的消息。(that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 the news 的内容)Do you know the news(that/which)Jim told me?你知道吉姆告诉我的那个消息吗？(that/which 引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语)即学即练 4 将下列句子合并为同位语从句 Will the sports meeting be held on ti
18、me？The question will be discussed tomorrow.The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday.We are glad at the news.The question whether the sports meeting will be held on time will be discussed tomorrow.We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hikingthis Sunday.A new teacher wil
19、l teach us English next term.The message reached me yesterday.The message that a new teacher will teach us English next termreached me yesterday.单句语法填空 1There is no doubt he will succeed in time.2We cant solve the problem we can travel faster than light.3Pick yourself up.Courage is doing youre afrai
20、d to do.4Upon graduation he asked to be sent to he was most needed.5It is reported the government is going to close the factory.thathowwhatwherethat6 surprises me most is that he is too vain.7 Mike didnt turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.8You may depend on it
21、I shall always help you.9The problem is we can get in touch with her.10The message responsibility it was is known to all.WhatThatthatwhetherwhose.完成句子 1我已经读了这个通知，我们学校广播站需要两名英语播音员。I have read the notice _ 2谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。_ is still unknown.3你通过考试了，真棒。Its splendid that you passed your examthat our scho
22、ol radio station needs twoEnglish announcersWho will win the match4她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She always thinks of 5司令员命令部队马上出发。The commander ordered 6我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every dayhow she can work wellthat troops(should)set off at once7他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。depends on
23、 the traffic.8原材料是我们所急需的。Raw material is 9我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。The news is exciting.10我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。Im not sure why she refused their invitationWhether he can come to the party on timewhat we are badly in need ofthat we won the game.短文语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing 1.happ
24、ened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 2.he was.We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We wondered 3.he was so hungry.We doubted 4.the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5.we would
25、mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6.he took out of an envelopea million pound banknote.thatwhowhywhetherif/whetherthatI asked Mr.Clements 7.it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8.the gentleman showed us couldnt be a fake.9 a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldnt describe 10.excited I was.whetherwhatThathow谢谢观看 THANK YOU!