1、突破 语法大冲关UNIT1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT定语从句一、定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。观察例句This is the computer(that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.我会带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。He is English,which I k
2、now from his accent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。This is our headmaster,who I think has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。归纳用法限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有 who,whom,whose,that,which,as；关系副词有 where,when,why。非限制
3、性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除 that 和 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。即学即练 1用适当的关系词填空Holly，_ is from Australia,has a good command of Chinese.The dictionary，_ our teacher bought yesterday,is helpful to us.I am looking forward to the day _
4、my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,_ is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.Davis wanted to visit the farm _ the seawater rice was grown.whowhichwhenwhichwhere二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1形式不同观察例句Here is the
5、 man who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)The project,which lasted three years,cost no less than$1 billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)归纳用法限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。2先行词不同观察例句This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)The novel,which I
6、read last night,is very interesting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为 novel)The novel is very interesting,which makes me very excited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容)归纳用法限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。3关系词的使用情况不同(1)that,why 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句观察例句Most people didnt vote for h
7、im,which disappointed him.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他失望。I have told them the reason,for which I changed my mind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。归纳用法指物时要用 which 代替 that,for which 代替 why。(2)关系代词替代情况不同观察例句This is the man(whom/who/that)we are talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The young man had a new girlfriend,whom he wanted t
8、o impress.这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)She has a younger brother,who is an English teacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。归纳用法关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 代替。在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用 that 引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用 who 或 whom。(3)关系代词省略情况不同观察例句This is a good film(which/that)I saw a few d
9、ays ago.这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)The summer holiday,which were looking forward to,is drawing near.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)归纳用法关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。即学即练 2用适当的关系词填空Until now,we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children,_ is quite unexpected.The exact year _ Angela and her fami
10、ly spent together in China was 2018.Can you tell me the reason _ he was absent yesterday?We have a buyer _ would like to view the house.He was a personal friend _ Ive known for many years.whichwhich/thatwhywhowhom三、as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别观察例句As we all know,Lu Xun is a great writer.众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。
11、He failed in the experiment,which was unexpected.他实验失败了，这是没有预料到的。He is a cheat,as everyone can see.每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。He did the experiment successfully,as had been expected.正如期望的那样，他实验做成功了。As we all know,paper was invented in China.正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。归纳用法as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而 which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是
12、整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。as 引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而 which 引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。as 引导从句时常译为“正如”，而 which 常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all,as everybody can see,as is expected 等。即学即练 3用适当的关系词填空The weather turned out to be very fine，_ was more than we could expect._ has been announced,we shall have
13、 our final exam next month.He failed in the driving test,_ we had expected.whichAsas.单句语法填空1Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.2She was taking the food to the refugee camp,in _ she distributed it to the children.3I live next door to a co
14、uple _ children often make a lot of noise.whichwhichwhose4We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.5Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition _can promote unity and trust.6Some people _ are successful language learners often fail in other fiel
15、ds.whenthatwho7The sun heats the earth,_ makes it possible for plants to grow.8Then he met Mary,_ invited him to a party.9There was a net bar around here,_ I remember.10He changed his mind again,_ made us all angry.whichwhoaswhich.短文语法填空(用适当的关系词填空)The very film 1._ is called Titanic is such a beauti
16、ful and sad love story 2._ is popular with the public,3._ hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose is a young beautiful woman with 4._ her mother went to America.Jack,5._ won a ship ticket by playing cards,is a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6._ they had a happy tim
17、e.Sadly,the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg,thataswhosewhomwhowhere7._ Jack lost his life for saving Rose(everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8._ most people cant behave in real life).Before Jack left Rose forever,he encouraged Rose to live well for him.9._ is known to all,love is the strongest strength.And thats the reason 10._Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story.whenwhichAswhy谢谢观看 THANK YOU!