1、教学知识细解码UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS1_ vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过survivor n幸存者；生还者survival n幸存；生存；幸存事物2dead adj.无生命的die vi.死；死亡_ n死；死亡3_ n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的survivedeathshock4breath n呼吸_ vi.&vt.呼吸5revive vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒_ n振兴；复苏6_ vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体unite vi.&vt.团结7_ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi
2、.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffering n折磨；苦难breatherevivalunifysuffer1affect vt.影响；深深打动；(疾病)侵袭From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team._She was affected by the sad story._Influenza(流感)can affect anybody in any age group._影响深深打动侵袭2shelter n避难处；居所；庇护
3、 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)Trees shelter the house from the wind._We sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun._They live in the shelters set up by the government._保护躲避避难所3wave n海浪；波浪；涌现的(或事物)vi.&vt.挥手；左右摇晃；招手Dee watched the waves breaking on the rocks._Tommy waved to us as he came across the field._A new
4、 wave of fashions came._海浪挥手涌现的人(或事物)Words and Phrases知识要点 1 rescue n&vt.救援；营救(教材 P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?救援人员和士兵在洪水灾区做什么？例 1 The police came to his rescue and sent him home.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。例 2 A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those
5、trapped in the building.大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。知识拓展(1)rescue sb./sth.from.把从营救出来(2)come to ones rescue 来营救某人a rescue team 救援队即学即练单句语法填空At midnight we finally _(rescue)the tourists who were trapped in the valley.The firefighters rescued five children _ the burning house yesterday.The mother,along with h
6、er two children,_(rescue)from the sinking boat.rescuedfromwas rescued小片段填空As soon as the accident happened，the _ team came to the victims _，and they didnt give up any hope of _ them from danger.(rescue)rescuerescuerescuing知识要点 2 damage vt损害；破坏n损坏；损失(教材 P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?首尔哪些建
7、筑被毁？例 1 Dont damage your health for a good figure.不要为了好身材而损害你的健康。例 2 This could cause serious damage to the countrys economy.这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。知识拓展(1)do/cause damage to 给带来/造成毁坏(2)be badly damaged 遭受严重损害damage ones health 损害某人的健康即学即练完成句子/一句多译It _ the income of the local farmers.它给当地农民的收入造成了损失。They man
8、aged to repair the houses that _.他们尽力修复严重受损的房屋。caused/did damage towere badly damaged众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。aAs we all know，smoking can _.(damage n)bIt is well known that smoking can _.(damage vt.)do/cause damage to our healthdamage our health知识要点 3 ruin n&vt.破坏；毁坏(教材 P50)In less than one minute，a large ci
9、ty lay in ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。例 1 That mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.那个错误使他失去了得到那份工作的机会。例 2 The ancient temple has fallen into ruins and needs repairing.这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。知识拓展(1)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭fall into ruins 成为废墟；毁灭(2)ruin ones hope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去ruin oneself
10、自我毁灭即学即练单句语法填空This photo,with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who“_(ruin)”it，now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighbourhood in _(ruin)At that time my wife _(ruin)her health through worry.ruinedruinswas ruining知识要点
11、 4 shock n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt(使)震惊(教材 P50)People were in shockand then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们都很震惊然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震再次侵袭了唐山。例 1 It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！例 2 It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.我
12、邻居对待他们孩子的方式让我很是震惊。知识拓展(1)in shock 震惊；吃惊be a shock to.使吃惊(2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的be shocked at/by 对吃惊be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的即学即练单句语法填空The girl was too _(shock)to describe what had happened before the volcano erupted.What I know is that almost 10,000 people lost their lives in t
13、he floods last year.Its really _(shock)shockedshockingEvery staff was _ shock when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic.The news of the famous writer Zha Liangyongs death came as _great shock to everyone.ina小片段助记We were all shocked at the shocking news that he was stil
14、l in a state of shock after the accident.However，when he finally came to himself he looked at us in shock，knowing nothing about the accident.知识要点 5(教材 P50)Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震后不久，部队派出了 15 万名士兵奔赴唐山，将
15、受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。(1)trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱例 1 If you choose this way，youre likely to fall into a trap.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会陷入圈套。例 2 The car was trapped in the deep snow.汽车陷入了厚厚的积雪中。知识拓展(1)be trapped 使陷入困境trap sb.into(doing)sth.诱骗某人做某事(2)set a trap 设置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套即学即练写出下列句子中 trap 的词
16、性及含义The police trapped the thief into a situation where he could not escape._The farmer set several traps for mice in the barn(谷仓)_Jacks fellow workers often turn to him for help when they are trapped in trouble because he is a fountain(源泉)of ideas._vt.使陷入困境n.(捕捉动物的)陷阱，圈套vt.使陷入圈套，使中计小片段填空The hunter
17、set a _ and the rabbit was _ in it.(trap)traptrapped(2)bury vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏例 1 Pine squirrels snack on the nuts and bury them one by one in sheltered hollows.松鼠爱吃坚果，并把它们逐个埋藏在隐蔽的树洞里。例 2 In the past three weeks，we have been burying ourselves in study because the exam is drawing near.在过去的三个星期里，我们专心地学习，因为考试
18、即将到来。知识拓展(1)bury.in.把埋到里；使沉浸于bury ones face in hands 双手掩面(2)be buried in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于即学即练一句多译他专心致志地学习。a_.(bury oneself)b_.(be buried in)He buries/buried himself in his studyHe is/was buried in his study由于埋头读书，他不知道外面下雨了。a_，he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词 burying
19、 作状语)b_，he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用过去分词 buried 作状语)Burying himself in the bookBuried in the book知识要点 6 effort n努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材 P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.在政府的大力支持和人民坚持不懈的努力下，新
20、的唐山从一片地震废墟中屹然崛起。例 1 As far as Im concerned，you should make a greater effort to study hard.依我看来，你应该更加努力学习。例 2 Its a long climb to the top，but well worth the effort.爬到山顶需要很长时间，虽然费力却很值得。知识拓展spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事make an effort to do sth.make great efforts to do sth.努力做某事即学即练一句多译我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但
21、你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。aWell _ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.bWell _ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.cWell _ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.make every effort to helpspare no effort to helpmake great efforts to
22、 help知识要点 7 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(教材 P51)What kind of help do you think people who have sufferedan earthquake need?你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？例 1 There was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease.在他班里有一位女学生患有严重的背部疾病。例 2 He suffered great pains as a result of the accident
23、.由于那次事故，他遭受了很大痛苦。知识拓展(1)suffer from 患病；因而受苦suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻(2)suffering n.苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受难者明辨异同 suffer from/suffersuffer from表示“遭受战争、自然灾害所带来的苦难”及“患病”，后跟 a war，the flood，cough，headache，flu 等。suffer其宾语通常是表示损失、失败、痛苦等抽象意义的词，如pain，loss，punishment，disappointment 等。即学即练用 suffer，suffer fro
24、m 填空/完成句子Im _ a real lack of time this week.They _ huge losses in the financial crisis.Fortunately he _.幸好他没感到疼痛。He _ all kinds of diseases in those years.那些年他身患各种各样的疾病。suffering fromsufferedsuffered no painsuffered from小片段填空The old man has _ a lot throughout his life.He _from war and hunger when he
25、 was young.Last month,his sons death brought him more _.Now,with the help of his neighbours and the government,his life begins to turn for the better.(suffer)sufferedsufferedsufferingsSentence Patterns重点句式 1 too.to.太不(教材 P50)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go insid
26、e buildings.鸡，甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里。句式分析本句是一个并列句。在第一个分句中，句子的主语是 Chickens and even pigs，动词不定式短语 to eat 作结果状语。例 1 I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.I was so young that I cant understand the meaning of the film.我年龄太小，还不能理解这部电影的含义。例 2 The problem is too difficult for me to settle.Th
27、e problem is so difficult that I cant settle it.这个问题太难了，我解决不了。知识拓展(1)too adj./adv.(for sb.)to do sth.意为“太而不能”，表示否定意义；too 后接形容词或副词，to 是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，动词不定式表示否定意义。(2)too.to.结构表示肯定意义的情况：当 too 之后跟的是表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased 等时；当“too.to.”结构中含有 not 或 never 等否定词时；当
28、too 前有 only，just，simply，all，but 等词时。即学即练同义句转换/完成句子The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.The house is _.The house is _.Hearing the news，the teacher was so happy.The teacher was _ the news.too expensive for me to buyso expensive that I cant buytoo happy to hearHe is _.他太聪明，不会不明白这一点。We are _.我们很乐
29、意帮助你。too clever not to understand thistoo ready to help you重点句式 2 as if/as though 仿佛；好像(教材 P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！句式分析1It seemed as if.这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。2as ifas though 意为“仿佛；好像”，引导的从句，常放在 be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel 等系动词之后作表语。例 1 Look at the clouds in the sk
30、y！It looks as if it is going to rain.看看天上的乌云！看起来将要下雨。例 2 Hurry up！It looks as if the train is going to move.快点！看起来火车要开了。知识拓展(1)as if 从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的；(2)as if 从句用虚拟语气：从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)；从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；从句用 would/could/might do 形式(与将来的事实相反)。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He treats me as if I _(be)his o
31、wn daughter.They talked as if/though they _(be)friends for years.It seems _.噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。werehad beenas if the noise comes from downstairsHe talks about Rome _ before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)It seems _.看来我们队要胜了。as if he had been thereas if our team is going to win1Eleven kilometres directly below
32、the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.分析 本句主句为：one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20thcentury had begun，that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing 为定语从句修饰先行词 a qu
33、ake，a quake 与 one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century 是同位语。译文 在城市正下方 11 千米处，20 世纪最致命的一场地震爆发了，就连 150 千米以外的北京也遭受了此次地震带来的伤害。2Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.分析 本句主句为：the army sent 150,000 soldiers to
34、Tangshan;to dig out.and to bury the dead 为动词不定式作目的状语；who were trapped 为定语从句修饰先行词 those。译文 地震后不久，部队派出了 15 万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。教材 高考1.2,400 homes destroyedIts destroying the environment.(2020全国卷)2.82 killed,500,000 affectedAthletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affectsperforma
35、nce.(2020江苏卷)教材 高考3.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled.(2020全国卷)4.However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make i
36、t difficult to deliver food and supplies.Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearest branch，they will inform you by e-mail，so you can pick it up.(2020天津卷).单句语法填空1This is one of the worst natural _(disaster)ever to hit the area.2The old man went through a lot of _(suffer)in the old days
37、.3_(trap)in the ruins，the girl still held a positive attitude.disasterssufferingsTrapped4Though the soldiers have been working for fifteen hours，they carry on looking for _(survive)under the ruins.5The noise is too loud _(stand),so she cant live here any longer.6The letter was correctly addressed，bu
38、t _(deliver)to the wrong house.survivorsto standdelivered7All the listeners were greatly _(shock)when they heard the terrible news on radio.8_(bury)under the ruins，the little girl was rather frightened.9What I learn about the violence is that it has caused at least three _(die)10A new study shows th
39、at people _(affect)to different extents by what they see on television.shockedBurieddeathsare affected.短语填空think of,as if，look up,as usual,suffer from，in ruins,set up，dig out，in shock，go through1Lets _ some questions about life.2They _ schools，factories and hospitals in this poor area.3We all know t
40、hat we cant live _ without good health.think ofset upas usual4If you cant keep healthy，you will often _ your weak body.5She _ many things and suffered a lot at an early age.6After the big fire，the main building of the church was _.7He suddenly rushed out，leaving all the people in the room _.suffer f
41、romwent throughin ruinsin shock8While reading，better not stop to _ the new words in the dictionary every now and then.9The press watchdogs(狗仔队)spare no effort to _ the secrets of those famous people.10He talks with a stranger _ they were good friends.look updig outas if.课文语法填空Several days before Jul
42、y 28,1976，many strange things happened in Tangshan.They were 1._(sign)for an earthquake.But people 2._lived there didnt think much of that.At 3：42 am.that day，the earth began 3._(shake)，which destroyed almost all the city in less thanone minute.Many people，4._(include)rescue workers and doctors，came
43、 5._(rescue)those 6._ were trapped under the signswhoto shakeincludingto rescuewhoruins.Later that afternoon，another big earthquake hit the city.More people were killed or injured and more buildings fell 7._.Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help，and teams 8._(organise)to dig out the trapped and to bury the dead.By and by things improved and the city began to 9._(breath)again.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan 10._(build)upon the earthquake ruins.downwere organisedbreathewas built点击右图进入 课 时 分 层 作 业 谢谢观看 THANK YOU!