1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 2Language主题: 人与自我子话题: 语言学习对应教材: 必修3Unit 2Language; 选修8Unit 2The universal language. 细品味经典文章Only a hundred years ago, people seldom travelled far out of their birthplace. Books were very expensive and there were few national newspaper
2、s and no radio or television. In fact, most people spent their time talking and listening. Only a very small quantity (量) of reading and writing went on and many people were unable to read or write. For this reason, native dialects (方言) grew up and people spoke the way their parents and grandparents
3、 spoke. A woman from Cornwall who travelled just as far as to London would find herself in a place where people spoke what was almost a different language. Sometimes it is hard to take in just how much things have changed. You are used to owning books and having them around, to reading magazines and
4、 newspapers and to a choice of national television and radio programmes. You, and everyone around you, are used to travelling not just in the British islands but all of the world. Modern science has changed our life and distances have been made shorter. It might have taken that Cornwall woman three
5、days to travel to London. Now it takes less than two hours by air, less than four by train and less than six by road. The result of this is that the language we use is becoming more national and the dialects are dying out. Writing, printing and broadcasting have speeded up this change as one dialect
6、 has come to be used by more and more people. This is the dialect called standard English which was first used outside London in the south and east Midlands. . 按要求完成任务1. 过去, 为什么方言说得多? Reason 1: People seldom travelled far out of their birthplace. Reason 2: Books were very expensive and there were fe
7、w national newspapers and no radio or television. Reason 3: Only a very small quantity of reading and writing went on and many people were unable to read or write. 2. 找出文章中where 引导的定语从句。A woman from Cornwall who travelled just as far as to London would find herself in a place where people spoke what
8、 was almost a different language. . 重点词汇1. occupy vt. 占领; 占用(时间、空间等); 居住; 使忙碌【教材原句】Then two Germanic groups from the European mainlandthe Angles and the Saxonsoccupied Britain. (P22)然后, 来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族盎格鲁人和撒克逊人占领了大不列颠。【词块必记】【误区释疑】occupy意为“占据”时指不管某物在不在那儿, 都可以说那个地方被“occupied”了。而take up则指某物必须在那儿才可以说那个地方
9、被“taken up”了。【巧学助记】 “忙于(做)某事”的其他常用结构还有: be busy/engaged with sth. , be busy doing sth. , be engaged in doing sth. , have/get sb. s hands full with sth. 【语境速测】 单句语法填空Occupying(occupy) himself with routine tasks, he had no time to accompany his children. Please fill in the form with your name, age and
10、 occupation(occupy). 一句多译格林夫人忙于照料她的三个孩子。Mrs Green occupies herself in looking after her three children. =Mrs Green is occupied in looking after her three children. 句式升级Helen was fully occupied with business matters, so we didnt want to bother her. (过去分词作状语)Occupied with business matters, we didnt wa
11、nt to bother her. 【写作金句】 Fully occupied in preparing teaching assignment at school, she no longer has much time to enjoy the various activities as usual. 她在学校忙于准备教学任务, 因此她不再有太多时间像往常一样享受各种活动。2. concern n. 关心; 关注; 忧虑 vt. 涉及; 使担忧; 对感兴趣【典型例句】When it comes to universities in China, as far as Im concerned
12、, Ill recommend Peking University. 谈到中国的大学, 就我个人而言, 我会推荐北京大学。【词块必记】(1)show/express concern about/for. . . 对表示关心concern oneself about/with . . . 担忧/关心(2)concerned adj. 有关的, 担心的be concerned about/over/for关心; 挂念be concerned with/in . . . 牵扯进/参与as far as . . . be concerned就而言(3)concerning prep. 关于; 有关【巧
13、学助记】 常考的“-ing”结尾的介词including包括, 包含regarding关于, 至于concerning关于considering考虑到respecting关于, 鉴于【语境速测】 单句语法填空He asked several questions concerning (concern)the future of the company. The development, however, will raise legal concerns (concern)about privacy and access to individuals genetic records. Im s
14、ure with our efforts, more and more people will become concerned (concern) about protecting cultural relics. 完成句子People concerned have been invited here to discuss what to do next. 有关人士都被邀请到这里来讨论下一步做什么。As far as Im concerned, you can go whenever you want. 就我而言, 你随时都可以走。【写作金句】 If we could show concer
15、n for others in need, the world would be a better place to live in. 如果我们能关心有困难的人, 这个世界将变成更美好的人间。3. access vt. 进入; 接近; 使用 n. U通道; 机会, 权利【典型例句】The US declares it has the best medical technology in the world, but quite a lot of Americans have no access to health care service. 尽管美国声称拥有世界上最好的医疗技术, 但是许多美国
16、人却得不到健康医疗服务。【词块必记】(1)access to . . . 进入的通道/入口have/get/gain access to . . . 拥有的机会/权利; 可以接近; 进入give access to准许进入(2)accessible adj. 可接近的; 可进入的be accessible to . . . 可接近的; 可靠近的; 可使用的【误区释疑】access前通常不加冠词, 且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。【语境速测】 单句语法填空All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper
17、 floor of Douglas Hall. The legal aid system should be accessible (access) to more people. Postings on the Internet can be accessed (access) from anywhere in the world. 句型转换Our school is very modern and every student has access to the school library. = Our school is very modern and every student is
18、accessible to the school library. 【写作金句】 People have better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result. 人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗保障, 因此, 人们的寿命更长了。4. differ vi. 相异, 有区别【典型例句】He differed from other people in that he always looked further ahead in his work. 他不同于别人, 因为在工作中他总是能有远见。
19、【词块必记】(1)differ from sb. /sth. (in. . . )(在方面)与某人/某物不同(2)different adj. 不同的, 有区别的be different from. . . 与不同/有区别(3)difference n. 不同, 差异, 分歧make a difference to对起作用/产生影响make no difference不起作用, 没有影响【巧学助记】 巧记“tce”构成的名词differentdifferenceevidentevidenceconfidentconfidenceimportantimportance【语境速测】 单句语法填空T
20、ell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different(differ) time. Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways. Can you tell the difference (differ) between a robot and a human? 完成句子 They are sisters but
21、they differ in (在方面不同) their habits and they are also different from(与不同) each other in many ways. But that makes no difference(没有影响). 【文化金句】One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘, 谬以千里。5. combine vt. &vi. 组合; (使)联合; 使结合; 兼备【典型例句】European and American science combined with efficient and c
22、heap Chinese manufacturing should be a powerful combination. 欧洲和美国的科学与高效廉价的中国制造相结合, 应该是一个强有力的组合。【词块必记】(1)combine A and/with B把A和B结合/联合combine to do sth. 联(结)合起来做某事combine against. . . 为反抗而联合(2)combination n. U联合; 结合 C混合体, 结合体in combination with与联合/结合(3)combined adj. 联合的, 结合的【误区释疑】combine不与together连用
23、。【语境速测】 单句语法填空The Church has something to say on how to combine freedom with responsibility. We consider it necessary to combine (combine) work with rest. He carried on the business in combination (combine) with his friends. 句式升级In my opinion, we should make good use of the Internet. We should combi
24、ne the entertainment with the study. (现在分词作状语)=In my opinion, we should make good use of the Internet, combining the entertainment with the study. 【文化金句】 Artists should combine healthy political content with perfect artistic forms. 艺术家应该把健康的政治内容和完美的艺术形式结合起来。6. distinguish vt. 区分, 辨别; 使具有某种特征【典型例句】Th
25、e silent girl distinguished herself in the English Speech Competition, which attracted the attention of the whole class. 这个不爱说话的女孩在英语演讲比赛中表现突出, 这引起了全班同学的注意。【词块必记】(1)distinguish (=tell) A from B/between A and B把A和B分开distinguish oneself表现突出(2)distinguished adj. 著名的, 有尊严的be distinguished (= famous/well
26、-known) for. . . 因而著名(3)distinction n. 区别【语境速测】 单句语法填空It is desires and urges like these that distinguish us from animals. We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished for his achievements in the area of rice. 句式升级He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the
27、economic school. (用分词短语作状语改写)Distinguished for his knowledge of economics, he was elected as head of the economic school. 【文化金句】The Chinese nation is distinguished for its diligence and courage. 中华民族以勤劳和勇敢著称。. 核心短语7. consist of由组成, 由构成【典型例句】New Zealand is a country lying off the eastern coast of Aus
28、tralia, consisting of two big islands and many smaller ones. 新西兰是澳大利亚东部沿海的一个国家, 由两个大岛和许多小岛组成。【词块必记】(1)consist of=be made up of=be composed of由组成(2)consist in = lie in存在于; 在于consist with一致; 符合(3)consistent adj. 相容的, 一致的be consistent with和一致/相符【语境速测】 一句多译这个出国考察团队由50人组成。The research team abroad consist
29、s of 50 people. =The research team abroad is made up of 50 people. =The research team abroad is composed of 50 people. 这条消息与报纸上所说的是一致的。The information consists with what is said in the newspaper. =The information is consistent with what is said in the newspaper. 【文化金句】The beauty of the city consists
30、 in the unique style of its buildings. 这座城市的美在于它的建筑物的独特风格。【误区释疑】consist of与be made up of同义; 由consist组成的几个短语虽然都具有及物性, 但是不能用于被动语态和进行时态。8. take control of 控制, 取得对的控制【典型例句】While you can not turn back the clock, you can take control of your life. 尽管你不能让时间倒流, 但你可以掌控你的生活。【词块必记】(1)gain/take/get control of 取
31、得对的控制权, 控制get/bring/keep . . . under control控制住lose control of失去对的控制权(2)under control被控制住out of/beyond control失控, 无法控制in control (of sth. )控制(某物)in/under the control of在的控制之下【巧学助记】 “take+n. +of”短语还有: take care of照料, 照顾take notice of 注意take hold of 抓住take charge of掌管, 负责take advantage of利用【语境速测】 用con
32、trol的短语填空You shouldnt have lost control of your temper on such an occasion. This book did a lot to help me take control of my own personal finances. The machine tool went out of/ beyond control because of improper use. I shall put an experienced teacher in charge of that class to bring the children
33、under control. 同义句转换Everything went well after he was in control of the company. Everything went well after the company was in the control of him. 【写作金句】 You have to be in control of yourself before you are in control of your performance. 在你能够控制自己的表现之前, 学会控制自己。. 经典句式9. That is why English has so man
34、y difficult rules that confuse people. 那就是英语有如此多令人困惑的规则的原因。【典型例句】We stopped for the post; that is why we were late. 我们停下来取邮件了, 所以迟到了。【句型公式】That is why. . . “那就是的原因”, 此句型中why引导表语从句, 且在从句中充当状语。that在此为指示代词, 指代前面提到的事情。(1)That is the reason why. . . (=That is why. . . )那就是的原因(2)That/It is because. . . 那是
35、因为(3)The reason (why. . . ) is that. . . (的)原因是【误区释疑】Thats why. . . 后接某事发生的结果, Thats because. . . 后接某事发生的原因。【语境速测】 单句语法填空I always try to overcome difficulties. That is why I have always succeeded where others have failed. 一句多译汤姆昨晚生病了, 那就是他没有参会的原因。Tom fell ill last night and that was why he didnt att
36、end the meeting. Tom didnt attend the meeting and that was because he fell ill last night. 【写作金句】 That is why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice. 那就是我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择的原因。【备选要点】1. replace vt. 替换, 代替, 取代; 把放回原处【典型例句】Many people expect that credit cards will eventually repl
37、ace paper money for almost every purchase. 许多人预期在几乎所有的交易中信用卡会最终取代纸币。【词块必记】(1)replace . . . with/by . . . 用替换replace sb. as取代某人成为take the place of sb. =take sb. s place 代替某人in place of代替(2)replacement n. 代替【巧学助记】 re(重新)+place(位置; 放置): 重新放置别的东西即“取代”。 前缀re-动词汇总rebuild重建retell复述remarry再婚reconsider重新考虑re
38、write重写reappear重现【语境速测】 单句语法填空Im going to replace my old car with a new one. The manager replaced Bob as chairman of the company. 一句多译没有人可以取代她父亲在她心中的位置。No one can replace her father in her heart. (replace)No one can take the place of her father in her heart. (take the place of)No one can take her fa
39、thers place in her heart. (take ones place)【文化金句】I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive events. 我希望运动会被取消, 用其他的一些竞争力小的项目代替。2. raise vt. 养育, 培养; 饲养; 举起; 增加, 提高; 筹集(资金); 提及; 引起, 使出现【教材原句】Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such
40、 as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. (P23)因此, 我们使用的表示专为食用而饲养的大多数动物的单词, 比如cow(母牛), sheep(绵羊)和pig(猪), 来自古英语。【易混辨析】arise/rise/raise/arouse原形词性及词义diddonev. -ingarise(vi. )出现; 发生; 起身arosearisenarisingrise(vi. )升起; 增长; 上升roserisenrisingraise(vt. )举起; 抚养; 提高raisedraisedraisingarouse(vt. )唤醒; 激起ar
41、ousedarousedarousing【巧学助记】 口诀记忆raise/rise【语境速测】 写出下列句中raise的含义Two incidents in recent days have raised the level of concern. (提高, 增加)With the improvement of peoples living standard, some people form a habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets. (饲养)The mother raised her children in an unusua
42、l way. (抚养, 养育)His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain. (筹集)Whoever has difficulty with the problem can raise your hands. (举起)选词填空(rise/ arise/ raise/ arouse)The housing prices keep rising in spite of the governments regulations. What the teacher said aroused the curiosity and intere
43、st of students. New problems will arise one after another in future. Anne raised her voice in order to be heard. 【写作金句】 Give your child some old machines such as a broken radio or TV set to play with and it will arouse his curiosity about science. 给你的孩子一些旧机器, 比如一台破收音机或电视机让他玩, 这将会唤起孩子对科学的好奇心。3. chara
44、cter n. (书写或印刷)文字, 符号; 人物; 性格, 品质【教材原句】They have no letters or characters. (P31)它们没有字母或汉字。【词块必记】in character适合; 相称out of character不符合某人的性格; 不适合, 不相称build (up) character磨炼性格shape ones character塑造某人的性格, 形成个性characteristic n. 特征, 特点, 品质adj. 独特的, 典型的【巧图妙记】【语境速测】 写出下列句中character的含义I find all the characte
45、rs in his new play very real.人物Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for character building.性格That kind of characters looks like pictures.汉字The whole character of the school has changed.特性单句语法填空Are there any different characteristics (character)between American Englis
46、h and British English? Unusually, it is the female characters(character) that interest us most. 【文化金句】If I take care of my character, my reputation will take care of itself. 注意好品行, 自有美名声。4. embarrass vt. 使尴尬, 使难堪【典型例句】They were my friends, and I just didnt want to embarrass them publicly. 他们是我的朋友, 我
47、只是不想公开说让他们难堪的话。【词块必记】(1)embarrass sb. with sth. 因某事使某人尴尬(2)embarrassed adj. 窘迫的; 尴尬的, 不好意思的feel/be embarrassed about/at对感到尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人窘迫的, 使人难堪的(3)embarrassment n. 困窘, 尴尬【巧学助记】 异样的“心情”disgusted厌恶的frightened害怕的terrified感到恐惧的embarrassed尴尬的touched感动的disappointed失望的astonished惊讶的【语境速测】 单句语法填空Al
48、l the people fixed their eyes on me, which made me feel very embarrassed (embarrass). I felt embarrassed about/at how untidy the house was. I was in the embarrassing (embarrass) position of having completely forgotten her name. He was always careful to avoid embarrassment (embarrass). He was very em
49、barrassed to hear (hear) people speak so highly of him. 同义句转换The young man didnt want to embarrass his girlfriend in front of her friends. The young man didnt want to make his girlfriend embarrassed in front of her friends. 【写作金句】 Today I put my foot in my mouth before my teacher, which really made
50、me embarrassed. 今天在老师面前说错话真的很让我尴尬。5. convenient adj. 便利的, 方便的【典型例句】It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which is located in the center of the city. 到达坐落于市中心的上海博物馆对人们来说更加方便了。【词块必记】(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便be convenient for/to sb. 对某人来说方便(2)convenience n. 方便;
51、 便利的事物for convenience为了方便at ones convenience在某人方便的时候【误区释疑】convenient作表语时, 不可用人作主语, 而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you, 而不是when you are convenient。【语境速测】 单句语法填空So Im writing to let you know that its not convenient for me to go back to receive the laptop at home. My parents bo
52、ught this house for convenience. 一句多译如果你方便的话, 应该多进行户外运动。If it is convenient for you, you should do more outdoor exercise. (convenient)If it is at your convenience, you should do more outdoor exercise. (convenience)【写作金句】 I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your earli
53、est convenience. 如能尽早告知你的决定, 我将不胜感激。6. aside from 除了之外【教材原句】Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. (P22)除了像伦敦这样的地名之外, 很少有几个凯尔特词汇能成为古英语的一部分。【词块必记】aside from =apart from, 有两层含义: (1)“除之外, 还有”, 相当于besides, in addition to, as well as; (2)“除了之外(没有), 如果不是”,
54、 相当于except, but或except for。【易混辨析】aside from, except, except for, besidesaside from有两层意义: “除之外(别无)”=except, except for; “除之外(还)”=besidesexcept“除之外(不、无)”, 有否定和排除的含义, 指同类人/物except for强调整体与局部的关系, 没有项目类别的明确限制, 对细节加以修正, 即肯定整体, 否定局部besides“除了之外(还有)”, 有肯定和附加的含义, 指同类人/物【语境速测】 单句语法填空Aside from the oil deals,
55、the two countries signed agreements covering biofuel development and the joint launch of two satellites. 句型转换Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time. =Aside from working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time. 完成句子Aside from/In addition to/Besides good serv
56、ice, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 除了提供优质的服务, 这家饭店还提供多种传统的福建菜。You can have any one of the cakes except/aside from this one. 除了这块蛋糕外, 你可以吃任何一块。Aside from/ Besides/ In addition to being praised, he received a lot of money. 除了受到表扬外, 他还得到了一笔钱。【写作金句】 Aside from the p
57、icturesque scenery of Sichuan Province, the dishes there are also an attraction to tourists. 除了四川省如画的风景以外, 川菜对游客也很有吸引力。7. lead to 导致; 通向【教材原句】However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing C
58、eltic. (P22)然而, 诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响, 那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。【词块必记】【语境速测】 单句语法填空The invention of the new type of machine led to him/his winning (win) the prize. There is no doubt that the increase in demand leads to the rise in prices. 句式升级There were many mistakes in his essay, which led
59、to his failure. (用非谓语动词形式)There were many mistakes in his essay, leading to his failure. 【写作金句】 As we all know, all roads lead to Rome. 众所周知, 条条大路通罗马。8. Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. 并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。【典型例句】Not all ratings are accurate, so you can use them as a refer
60、ence point but cant completely depend on them. 并不是所有的(消费)排名都是准确的, 所以你可以把它们作为一个参照点, 但不能完全依赖它们。【句型公式】(1)部分否定: 否定词not与both, all, every, each, everybody, everything等不定代词或形容词连用, 意为“不都是, 并非都”。(2)完全否定: 常用no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one等表示。Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my fi
61、rst visit to the Palace Museum. 我的一生中, 印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物院。【语境速测】 句型转换Although Dunne says hes received mostly positive feedback, everyone doesnt agree with his idea. Although Dunne says hes received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his idea. Both of the two math problems are not very
62、 difficult. Not both of the two math problems are very difficult. 【写作金句】 I havent read both of his two books, but judging from the one I have read, I think hes a very promising writer. 我没有全部读完他的两本书, 但从我读的那本来看, 我认为他是一位很有前途的作家。9. While the students found the soldiers idea interesting, the system was t
63、oo difficult to be of practical use. 虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣, 但这一方法太过复杂, 并不实用。【典型例句】This activity is of great significance, so every one of you should take part in it actively. 这项活动意义重大, 所以你们每个人都应该积极参与。【句型公式】“be of+抽象名词”结构(1)be of use/ importance/ significance/ help/ value/ benefit/. . . =be useful/ importan
64、t/ significant/ helpful/ valuable/ beneficial/. . . (这些抽象名词前还可用形容词great, little, some, any, much, no来修饰说明其程度。)(2)be of colour/ age/ size/ height/ weight/ shape/ type/ kind/. . . (这类名词前常用different, the same, this, that等词来修饰或说明。)(3)be of quality/character/characteristics/feature/. . . (这类名词前常用good, ba
65、d, nice, fine, serious等词来修饰或说明。)【语境速测】 完成句子Basic research is of great importance in all scientific fields. 在各个科学领域里, 基础研究是非常重要的。Paul and Jack have a lasting friendship because they are of the same age. 保罗和杰克有着长久的友谊, 因为他们年龄相同。Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and of different metals.
66、货币可能在大小、重量、形状和铸造的金属方面都有所不同。New Zealand grape wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world. 新西兰葡萄酒质量好, 行销全世界。【文化金句】A harmonious family is of benefit to a childs personal development. 一个和谐的家庭对于孩子的个人成长是有益的。. 单句语法填空1. (2020江苏高考)Then they compared the samples. There were considerable difference
67、s(differ). 2. (2020全国卷) Official (office) reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325, 000 in 2001 to 419, 000 in 2013. 3. (2019全国卷)When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion(conclude), Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him
68、. 4. (2020全国卷)Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar base are practical (practice). 5. (2020全国卷)Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned (concern) that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail
69、. . 微短文改错(每句中最多2个错)1. The number of deaths arising road accidents has been raising, which raises peoples concern about traffic safety. It is hoped that the government should take measures to solve such problems. arising后面加from;raising改为rising2. The group consist of six persons who are picked out to
70、represent their country to give unique performances in foreign countries to raise peoples concerned about their country. consist改为consists;concerned改为concern3. What I am concerned is if they could fit in with society and how we can create more opportunities for them. concerned后加about/for;if改为whether
71、4. She devoted herself entire to helping the children who suffered a lot in the earthquake. entire改为entirely5. Please come to visit me if it is convenient of you. of改为for. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)1. Concerning(concern)your letter, I am pleased to inform you 2. that your opinion is quite accepted by us. Asi
72、de 3. from being mother tongue of Britain, the USA and Australia also have made great 4. contributions(contribute) to the development of English. Though their English 5. differs(differ) from each other, they cant be 6. mistaken(mistake). English is very important and is one of the 7. official(office
73、) languages in many countries. It plays an important part in the international communication. Most scientific achievements are written in English. 8. Therefore, it is necessary to learn English well. Nowadays, it is convenient 9. to learn(learn) English because of the Internet. Each of us has 10. ac
74、cess(access) to it. 核心素养提升学生文化意识、思维品质和学习能力, 拓展学生国际视野和思维方式。开展跨文化交流, 增强学生国家认可和家国情怀, 坚定文化自信高考链接2020全国卷阅读填句; 2020新高考全国卷阅读填句; 2020全国卷阅读理解B; 2018全国卷阅读理解C. 话题与阅读理解(2018全国卷阅读理解C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.
75、When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages bet
76、ween them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially g
77、lobalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneve
78、n. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua Ne
79、w Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left
80、. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展, 很多语言逐渐消失。1. What can
81、 we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers . . . they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between t
82、hem. 可知, 在狩猎时代虽然人口很少, 但语言种类很多。2. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2? A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的increasingly taking over, 意为“越来越占据统治地位”, 可知dominant意为“占优势的; 占支配地位的”, 与C项同义。3. How many languages are spoken by less tha
83、n 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6, 800. B. About 3, 400. C. About 2, 400. D. About 1, 200. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The median number of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 以及第四段第一句中的the total of 6, 800 languages可知答案为B。4. What
84、 is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 【解析】选 C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展, 语言的种类越来越少, 故C项为正确答案。【难句剖析】. . . and Asia and the Paci
85、fic perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 分析: of which引导一个非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词3, 200。句中的well为副词, 意为“相当; 远远地”。翻译: 亚洲和环太平洋地区大概有3 200种语言, 其中仅巴布亚新几内亚一个国家的语言就远超800种。【微技能点拨】如何做阅读理解的主旨大意题1. 串线法。抓首段和其余各段的第一句话, 把其意思连接成一个整体, 要注意总结性的提示词和转折词, 特别要注意中心句。2. 小心首段陷阱。3. 主旨大意题错误选项的干扰特征
86、经常是: (1)局部信息, 即选项的内容小于文章的内容。(2)范围太宽, 即选项的内容大于文章的内容。本文中的最后一题是主旨大意题, 运用解题策略来解题。Step 1在原文找关键句Step 2通读全文可知, 特别是文章的第一段的第一句和后面的一系列数据可知: 文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展, 语言的种类越来越少。Step 3故选 C。【语用提能】话题词汇hunter-gatherers, a mere 6, 000, the total of 6, 800 languages短语句式be populated by, develop the pattern, settle down, take
87、over, the general rule is that. . . 熟词新义populate v. 居住于; 移居, 殖民于(新)【微完形填空】Languages have been coming and 1 for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been 2 coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, 3 knit (联系) groups developed their own p
88、atterns of speech 4of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they 5 perhaps 12, 000 languages between them. 1. A. coming B. going C. falling D. stopping【解析】选B。根据前面的coming和下面的“and a lot more going. ”的提示, 可知这里填coming 的反义词go
89、ing。故选B。2. A. fairlyB. ratherC. moreD. less【解析】选D。根据后面“and a lot more going”和下文的提示可知, 语言的种类越来越少, 故选D。3. A. tightlyB. obviously C. stupidlyD. normally 【解析】选A。根据前面的“small”的提示, 这里表示紧密相连地, 故选A项。4. A. adventurousB. braveC. creativeD. independent【解析】选D。根据前面 “developed their own patterns of speech”的提示, 这里应
90、该是他们独立地发展语言的模式, 故选D项。5. A. spokeB. talkedC. saidD. called【解析】选A。这里表示说语言, 用speak, 故选A。. 话题与写作假定你是王兵, 你和你的美国笔友John对中美身势语的差异做了一个简单的对比。请你根据以下表格内容完成一个关于中美身势语差异的英文调查报告, 同时提醒人们在和外国朋友交际时, 注意正确使用身势语。身势语美国中国身体接触保持距离, 较少接触, 尤其是同性之间身体接触较多, 例如女性之间可以手拉手等伸舌头一种粗鲁的表现一种尴尬的表现拍小孩的头给予安慰或鼓励表示喜爱注意: 1. 短文应包括表格所示的全部内容, 可适当发
91、挥; 2. 词数100左右。尽量使用本单元学的单词和短语。Step 1写作技巧词汇提升我们可以从表中看出, 中美两国的身势语之间存在着很多差异。We can see from the table that there exist many differences between Chinese and American body language. 在中国, 妇女或者女孩经常手拉手地一起走, 这在美国很少见。Women or girls in China often walk hand in hand, which is very rare in America. 美国人认为伸舌头是粗鲁的行为
92、, 而中国人则在他们感到尴尬时使用这一姿势。Americans think that it is rude to put out ones tongue, while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed. 总之, 只有全面理解不同国家的身势语之间的差异, 我们才能期待取得合适的交流。In a word, we can expect to achieve proper communication by fully understanding all the differences in body languag
93、e in different countries. 句式升级用as引导的定语从句改写句。As we can see from the table, many differences exist between Chinese and American body language. 用it作形式宾语改写句。Americans think it rude to put out ones tongue, while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed. Step 2组句成篇运用关联词串连以上句子。As we hav
94、e more communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences in our body language. As we can see from the table, many differences exist between Chinese and American body language. For example, there are more touching gestures in China than in America. Women or girls in China
95、 often walk hand in hand, which is very rare in America. Also, Americans think it rude to put out ones tongue, while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed. Furthermore, Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them, while Americans do so to offer encouragement
96、 or comfort. 【加固训练】 阅读填句(2020全国卷)Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 1. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. Written commu
97、nications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 2, encouraging better and more frequent communication. In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challeng
98、e. 3. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort. There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasnt received an e
99、mail so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 4. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile. 5, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business comm
100、unication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture. A. Messages with emojis feel more conversationalB. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyC. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeD. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyE. Giving emplo
101、yees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceG. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform【文章大意】表情符号越来越流行, 它们在工作场所的交流中也起到重要作用。1. 【解析】选D。考查段中句。空前面一句提到, 在亚洲, 信息平台正快速发展, 拥有用户数亿, 他们有的在工作有的在玩。空
102、后面一句提到, 据报道在一些西方国家76%的员工在工作时使用表情符号。由此可知, 填空处承上启下, 表示“这些平台正在全球流行”。故选D。2. 【解析】选A。考查段中句。空前面一句提到, 使用表情符号能增加幽默和感情, 使意图明显。空后面提到鼓励更好更频繁的交流, 所以填空处表示“使用表情符号的信息感觉是更加健谈的”。故选A。3. 【解析】选G。考查段中句。空前面一句提到, 在任何一个办公室, 员工年龄从22岁到70岁不等, 在交流方式方面找到共同点是很难的。填空处顺承上句, 表示“使工作中的各代人聚在一起的简单的方法就是用一个聊天平台”。故选G。4. 【解析】选B。考查段中句。空前面提到,
103、还有一个语气的问题。谁没有收到过令人恼怒以至于一天都郁闷的电子邮件呢? 填空处顺承前面的内容, 表示“甚至一封正式的电子邮件也会看起来冷漠、不友好”。由此可知选B。5. 【解析】选F。考查段首句。空后面提到, 当你的员工开始在商业交流中增加笑脸表情符号时, 你要知道你已经成功地提升了你们的工作文化。段首句是对后面内容的总结, 所以表示“研究表明更加友好的交流会带来更加快乐的工作场所”。故选F。【难句剖析】While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve. 分析: while the younger generations prefer to communicate visually是while引导的让步状语从句。used to working with traditional tools like email是分词短语作定语修饰those。翻译: 虽然较年轻的几代人更喜欢视觉交流, 但是对于那些习惯使用像电子邮件这样的传统工具工作的人来说, 它可能感觉就像学习曲线。关闭Word文档返回原板块