1、B3U1 Little White Lies(Language points)1.Written more than two hundred years ago,these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry:remain vt.仍然；剩下；停留remaining adj.剩下的，留下的Translation两百多年前，沃尔特司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：过去分词短语作时间状语 2.Oh,what a tangled web
2、we weave,When first we practise to deceive!Translation啊，谎言一旦开始，我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！adj.纠结的；复杂的 v.编，织 v.欺骗 3.Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are“white lies”:little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.Translation也许我们会这样来安慰自己：我们所说的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”我们
3、为了保护他人免受真相伤害的小谎言。同位语从句 定从 定从 that引导同位语从句，说明前面抽象名词knowledge的内容。1.同位语从句多用来补充说明前面某个抽象名词的具体内容。2.常见的抽象名词有:fact,evidence,proof,doubt,belief,idea,hope,question,problem,suggestion,advice,information,news,promise,view等。3.that引导同位语从句时，不翻译，不省略，不作任何成分。His advice that the work should be postponed to next week as
4、 a result of lack of tools is acceptable.他的建议-由于缺乏工具将工作推迟到下周的建议，被接受了。The fact that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years has worried many scientists.地球这些年以来变得越来越热的事实使很多科学家都很担心。Examples含义 原形 过去式 过去 分词 现在 分词 躺，位于 lielaylainlying撒谎 lieliedliedlying放置，下蛋 laylaidlaidlaying规则的撒谎(lie-lied-lie
5、d)，不规则的躺 躺过(lay)就下蛋（放置）,下过蛋是累的 4.The majority of us of course dont tell the truthwe lie and say that the food is“delicious”.majority n.多数，大多数（人或物）the majority of+集体名词，谓语动词用单数或复数。a majority of+复数名词，“许多”，谓语动词用复数。minority n.少数，少数民族a/the minority of 少数major adj.主要的;重要的 v.主修n.主修课程；专业课；主修学生 major in 主修5.O
6、r if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut,we say“Its great!”,even if we think its awful.adj.可怕的 6.But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these?在多大程度上 justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为.辩护 justify doing sth.证明做某事有道理 justify sth./oneself to sb.向某人解释；为某人辩护just adj.公正的，正义的，合理
7、的adv.总是，正好；恰好；仅仅justice n.公平，公正n.程度，范围to some extent7.One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.make+宾语+宾补 8.Perhaps we are in fact lying to protectourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.protect/keep/prevent/stop.from doing sth.9.Stop for a m
8、oment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的 be frank with sb.对某人坦诚相告 be frank about sth.对某事直言不讳 to be frank=frankly 坦白说，坦率地说(to be honest=honestly)frankly speaking 坦率地说(honestly speaking/generally speaking)10.If youve had
9、a bad day,do you tell your parents about it,or do you hide your tearsand lie that your day was“fine”?tear n.眼泪，泪水 burst into tears/laughter 突然大哭/笑起来tear v.撕裂，扯破 tear down 拆除，拆掉 tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)tear apart 撕毁，撕碎(分成一部分，整齐的分开)11.Wouldnt it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their a
10、dvice?it作形式主语征求某人的意见 it作形式主语的6大句型?it作形式主语的6大句型 It+be+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sth.It+be no use/useless+doing sth.It+be+形容词+that 从句(形容词：possible/strange/important.)It+be+过去分词+that 从句(said/thought/believed/supposed/reported.)It+不及物动词(seem/occur/happen.)+that从句 It+be+名词短语+that从句(名词短语：a pity/a fact/a wond
11、er/an honour/an idea/no wonder.)ExamplesIt is necessary for college students to masterat least a foreign language.It is no use/useless waiting here.It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It occurred to me that I lost my wallet in his car.我突然想到我把钱丢他车上了。Its strange that he fail in
12、 the driving test.It is a pity that he fails in the competition.在句型“It+be+形容词+that 从句”中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。12.Going back to Walter Scotts lines,we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance.advance n.前进，进步，进展v.前进，促进，提前 make great advances in 在.取得巨大进步/进展adv
13、anced adj.高等的，先进的，高级的现在分词短语作状语 定从 预先，提前 13.Perhaps the meal you said was“delicious”will be served every time you visit.插入语 定语从句,the meal作定从的主语 在定语从句中包含带有say,believe,think,know,hope等词的插入语时，作主语用的关系代词可省略。“每次，每当”，连词，引导时间状语从句=whenever，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时(引导时间状语从句时，后面不再用when)Translation也许被你评价为“美味的”饭菜会在你每次到访
14、时都出现在餐桌上。14.Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his“wonderful”singing?弄明白，搞清楚 宾语从句 15.How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad?代替，而不是 Translation如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你又怎么能指望别人真正理解你的情绪呢？16.Moreover,h
15、ow would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hidingthe truth from you?hide v.把藏起来;躲藏，遮住;隐瞒，掩蔽 hide-hid-hidden hide and seek 捉迷藏Translation而且，如果你发现身边最亲近的人对你隐瞒了真相，你又会作何感想？对.隐瞒 consist in 在于，存在于 consist of=be made up of=be composed of由.组成Writing an essayn.界线，分界线fable n.寓言
16、porcupine n.豪猪sociable adj.随和的，好交际的，友善的independent adj.独立的，自主的，不受约束的 be dependent of/from独立于.,不受.控制/影响independence n.独立depend vi.依赖，取决于dependence n./dependent adj.depend on/upon=rely/count on 依靠，取决于 It/That(all)depends.视情况而定n.窘境，困境apart adv.分离，分开 apart from 除.之外 take apart 拆开 tell apart 区分开(they wer
17、e)状语从句的省略when引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，while和when可以互换。Sorry,I was out when you called me.对不起，你打电话时我出去了。While/When we were talking,the teacher came in.我们正在谈话时，老师进来了。(2)while做从属连词，可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。while引导让步状语从句时，从句往往位于主句之前。While I admit its difficult,I can solve it.虽然我承认它很难，但我能解决它。While it is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction toclassieal paintings.虽然很有可能他对这些书理解甚少，但它们却是他了解古典绘画的人门指导。(3)while做并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”用来连接两个并列分句。He likes playing basketball,while I like listening to music.他喜欢打值球，而我喜欢听音乐Thank you!