1、必修3Unit 4Astronomy：thescience of the starsIsaac Newton，an English physicist，discovered gravity.Based on his theory，astronomers predicted that another planet might exist in the orbit of Uranus(天王星)Uranus，having 27 known natural satellites，is visible to the naked eye.Its the third largest planet in te
2、rms of size in the Solar System，with its mass roughly 14.5 times that of Earth.Its much closer to the sun，but this does not prevent it from being the coldest，because unlike the other planets，Uranus gives off less heat than it absorbs from the sun.Its climate also seems less violent.Traces of carbon
3、dioxide，oxygen and hydrogen have been confirmed in its atmosphere.默写识记默写单词1system n系统；体系；制度2physicist n.物理学家3theory n.学说；理论4violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5gentle adj.温和的；文雅的6unlike prep.与不同；不像7exist vi.存在；生存8harmful adj.有害的9puzzle n.谜；难题v.(使)迷惑；(使)为难10climate n.气候11float v.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物记住词义1astronomy n.
4、天文学2religion n.宗教；宗教信仰3atom n.原子4globe n.球体；地球仪；地球5dioxide n.二氧化物6atmosphere n.大气层；气氛7fundamental adj.基本的；基础的8chain n.链子；连锁；锁链9multiply v.乘；增加10biology n.生物学11gravity n.万有引力；重力12satellite n.卫星；人造卫星13crash v.碰撞；坠落写出短语1give birth to产生；分娩2in ones turn轮到某人；接着3cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋4break out突发；爆发5watch out f
5、or密切注意；当心；提防6block out挡住(光线)7far from离很远；根本不是8now that既然联想拓展名词后缀ist1novelist小说家2receptionist接待员3tourist旅行者，观光者4journalist记者，新闻工作者短语串记1reach out for伸手去拿2try out for参加选拔3make up for补偿；弥补4in time及时；终于5in no time立刻；马上6at a time每次；一次7at one time曾经；一度8at times有时候；不时地9break up打碎；拆散；分裂10break down坏掉；破裂；崩溃11
6、break into破门而入；突然起来12break in破门而入；打断13break through突破14in turn依次；轮流；反过来15by turns轮流；交替地16take turns to do sth.轮流做某事17Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事18to begin with首先19to conclude最后20to sum up总之经典例句The cashiers were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.出纳员接到要求，要注意伪钞。He should have tried out for th
7、e Olympic 100metre squad.他本该参加奥运会百米赛跑的选拔。Her enthusiasm makes up for her lack of experience.她的热情弥补了她经验的不足。We had to go and see the principal one at a time.我们得逐一去见校长。I was in a nightclub in Brixton and a fight broke out.当时我在布里克斯顿的一家夜总会里，那里发生了一场斗殴。Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双方
8、谈判失败了。As the Presidents car drew up，the crowd broke into loud applause.总统的座驾停下时，人群中爆发出热烈的掌声。The children called out their names in turn.孩子们逐一自报姓名。词汇异空间派生词汇原词词义派生词词义system n系统；体系；制度systematic adj.1.系统的；有条理的exist vi.存在；生存existence n.2.存在；生存theory n学说；理论theoretical adj.3.理论上的religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious
9、adj.4.宗教的；虔诚的gentle adj.温和的；文雅的gently adv.5.温柔地；温和地violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n6.暴力；暴力行为harm n& vt.伤害；损害；危害harmful adj.harmless adj.7.有害的8无害的.原创语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)The 1.existence (exist) of terrorism lets the world not be stable.Terrorist activities，many of which are linked to 2.religious (religi
10、on) extremism，have resulted in a global disaster.They not only bring threat to the safety of humans but have 3.harmful (harm) effect on economic growth.Many people are forced to flee their homes because of growing fears of terrorist 4.violence (violent)All governments are paying great attention to t
11、his issue，but to stop terrorism is indeed a 5.systematic (system) project，which requires effort，wisdom and cooperation. 【导学号：11470053】.单句填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)1In conclusion，more theoretical (theory) and experimental research must be conducted.2The mother patted her child gently (gentle) on the back，trying
12、 to calm him down.词法新图谱核心词汇灵活多变的动词词汇词性意义现在分词过去分词existvi.存在；生存existingexistedpuzzlev.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzlingpuzzledpulln.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力pullingpulledmultiplyv.乘；增加multiplyingmultipliedcrashv.碰撞；坠落crashingcrashedfloatv.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮floatingfloated.原创语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)The river is being polluted with many fac
13、tories 1.existing (exist) on both of its sides.Dead fish have been found 2.floating (float) on the surface of the water.Unknown bacteria 3.are multiplying (multiply) fast along the river，which might be a potential risk to peoples health.However，what 4.puzzles (puzzle) the local government is how to
14、deal with the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.They want to take action 5.to pull (pull) down some of the factories，but they fear that this may cause the local economy 6.to crash (crash) and then bring impacts on employment.原创语境改错One of the existed problems for
15、astronauts living in space is how to eat and drink.The problem has long been puzzled scientists.Eating in space is different from eating on Earth.We know pull or pushing a plate or a cup slightly will send them to floating away because there is no gravity.If they crashed into the delicate equipment，
16、terrible things will happen.Scientists will multiply on their efforts to have the problems settled as soon as possible.【答案】One of the problems for astronauts living in space is how to eat and drink.The problem has long been scientists.Eating in space is different from eating on Earth.We know or push
17、ing a plate or a cup slightly will send them floating away because there is no gravity.If they into the delicate equipment，terrible things will happen.Scientists will multiply their efforts to have the problems settled as soon as possible. 【导学号：11470054】exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式。常构成下列短语或句型：exist in“存在于之中
18、”；exist on“靠为生”；there exists/existed.“某地有；存在”。existing可作定语，意为“现存的；现有的；目前的”。multiply可作“乘；增加；加倍；繁殖”解。multiply.by.“用乘以”。puzzle sb.“使某人困惑/为难”；puzzle over/about sth.“苦苦思索/仔细琢磨”。send sb./sth.floating away “使某人/物漂走”，send可作“使；让”解，其主语通常是表示动作的名词。crash into.“撞到上”；crash除了作“碰撞；坠毁”解之外，还可作“(经济、股市等)崩溃”解。pull down“拆
19、毁；摧毁”；pull away“(汽车等)开走；离开”；pull in“(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠”。相依为命的词搭配搭配例释、联想、拓展动介prevent .from阻止；制止watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防stop.from.制止；keep.(back) from.阻止；discourage.from.阻止；hold.back from.阻止动副cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋break out 突发；爆发block out 挡住(光线)break away from脱离/挣脱；break down出故障；失败；垮掉；break in插话；break into破门而入；b
20、reak up打碎；结束形介be harmful to .对有害do/cause harm to sb.do/cause sb.harm对某人有害介名in time及时；终于in ones turn 轮到某人；接着on time按时；over time随着时间的推移；久而久之Our efforts will pay off in time.我们的努力迟早会有所回报。.原创语境填空(填入一个适当的词)A conflict broke 1.out when the villagers tried to prevent the factory workers 2.from sending waste
21、 water into their field.The villagers had been watching out 3.for the waste water for some time.They found it was very harmful 4.to their health as well as their crops.Officials came just 5.in time to stop the situation getting worse.They managed to block 6.out the anger of the villagers，promising t
22、o punish the factory for what they had done.On hearing this，the villagers cheered 7.up and the conflict ended finally.原创语境改错Last night，a fire broke up in my neighborhood.Luckily，firefighters came just in times to prevent the fire from spread.They sprayed a kind of foam(泡沫) on the fire to block away
23、the air.When the fire was finally put out，the crowd cheered on.But the firefighters warned us to watch out with any electric spark(火花)，which might cause another terrible fire.【答案】Last night，a fire broke in my neighborhood.Luckily，firefighters came just in to prevent the fire from .They sprayed a kin
24、d of foam(泡沫) on the fire to block the air.When the fire was finally put out，the crowd cheered .But the firefighters warned us to watch out any electric spark(火花)，which might cause another terrible fire.句法新天地重点句型twice as far as.教材原句But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far
25、as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as.是一种倍数的表达方法，意为“是的两倍远”；常用的倍数表达形式有：A.倍数asadj./adv.原级as BA.倍数adj./adv.比较级than BA.倍数thesize/weight/length.of BA.倍数what从句。A new planet discovered recently is almost three times as large as the earth.A new planet disc
26、overed recently is almost three times bigger than the earth.A new planet discovered recently is almost three times the size of the earth.最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。make it形容词/名词to do sth.教材原句This produced a
27、chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应使生命的发展成为可能。在“make it形容词/名词to do sth.”句型中，it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式短语，形容词或名词为宾语补足语；该句型中的不定式短语可以换成that从句。Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.Mastering the technology makes it possible that we
28、 can use the Internet more effectively.精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。即时演练.原创语境填空The development of science makes 1.it possible for us to visit the moon.But you will find it difficult 2.to stay (stay) in place there.The earth is 49 times 3.the size of the moon.As a result，the gravity of the earth is about si
29、x times as great 4.as that of the moon.When we get closer to the moon，we will feel its gravity pulling us，but it is not as strong 5.a pull as the earths.So it is not easy to keep our balance and we may easily float into the air.Now 6.that we cant solve the problem at present，we may as well stay on t
30、he earth 7.engaging (engage) ourselves in scientific research. 【导学号：11470055】.原创语境改错At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three times size of Great Britain.Its population is now twice that it was 50 years ago.Nigeria is abundant in oil，which makes possible to become Africas No.1 economy.Chinese people are
31、pouring into this country.The number of Chinese tourists to Nigeria is five times large as it used to be.Now when you have got a chance to visit it，why not go to appreciate its charming scenery and unique culture?【答案】At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three times size of Great Britain.Its population is
32、now twice it was 50 years ago.Nigeria is abundant in oil，which makes possible to become Africas No.1 economy.Chinese people are pouring into this country.The number of Chinese tourists to Nigeria is five times large as it used to be.Now you have got a chance to visit it，why not go to appreciate its
33、charming scenery and unique culture?冷知识详单查缺补漏.单句填空1It was difficult to guess what her reaction to the news would be.2He said his cock laid (lay) an egg yesterday but it was eaten by his cat.3Now that spring is here，we can expect milder weather.4Its generally accepted (accept) that men like playing f
34、ootball more than women.5The art show was far from being (be) a failure；it was a great success.单句改错1The girl seemed not to understand and looked at me with a puzzling expression.puzzlingpuzzled2After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，being exhausted.去掉being3His car crashed into a t
35、ree last night and he got close to be killed in the accident.bebeing4In a room above the store，where a party to be held，some workers were busily setting the table.party后加was5Chinas Changzheng5 rocket was successfully launched，thus again proved China is a world major space power.provedproving.原创语境改错B
36、oundary conflicts had become increasingly fierce，thus made the two countries get close to go to war.The United Nations took a committed diplomatic effort and an agreement was reached just before the war is to start.Reaction to this agreement was mixed，but that was widely accepted that it was far awa
37、y from being a bad decision for both countries.After all，a bloodshed (流血冲突) was avoided.【答案】Boundary conflicts had become increasingly fierce，thus the two countries get close to to war.The United Nations took a committed diplomatic effort and an agreement was reached just before the war to start.Rea
38、ction to this agreement was mixed，but was widely accepted that it was far from being a bad decision for both countries.After all，a bloodshed (流血冲突) was avoided. 【导学号：11470056】reaction一般与介词to搭配，意为“对反应”。其动词短语为react to“对作出反应”。lay an egg “下蛋”，lay是及物动词，意为“产；放下；放置”，其过去式和过去分词为laid，laid。now that是连词短语，意为“既然”
39、，用于引出原因状语从句。it is generally/widely accepted that.是固定句型，意为“普遍认为；大家公认”。far from可作“远不；根本不”解，后接“(being)adj./n.”。a puzzled expression/look“困惑的表情/眼神”。类似表达有：a surprised expression/look“惊奇的表情/眼神”；a frightened voice“害怕的嗓音”。过去分词可作伴随状语，如：He rushed in，very frightened.意为“他冲了进来，吓坏了”。get close to “接近；差点就”，to是介词，后可
40、接名词、代词或动名词。was/were to do sth.一般表示过去将来，也可表示“后来做了某事”。thus doing sth.一般在句中作结果状语，意为“所以/因此”。微写作链接知识运用写作提示我们能成功登上火星吗？那取决于(depend on)科技的发展。到目前为止，我们还无法到达火星那样遥远(as far as)的地方。我们知道火星上没有(exist)氧气，温度早晚变化很大，这阻止(prevent)我们在那里生活。但是我们迟早(in time)会走近(get close to)火星，那时我们要带上很多东西，比如氧气、食物和水。既然(now that)现在还不能，我们还是努力提高科技水平吧！洋话连篇作文就是这么简单！ 规避错误下面是李明的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。【答案】第一句：successfulsuccessfully第二句：gogone第三句：existexists第四句：preventpreventing第六句：need后加to