1、专题限时集训(八)主旨大意之确定文章标题A (2019河南省五校联考)I was getting ready to go to bed when the phone rang.This could not be good.My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help，but the voice was hardly familiar.“Lindy，this is Lesley.”I didnt know Lesley well.We did occasionally speak with each ot
2、her，but to say we were friends was not appropriate.I asked what she needed.Perhaps something really awful caused her to reach someone she barely knew.Instead，she asked me，“Do you have room for a turkey？In your freezer？”We had lots of room in our freezer，and in fact，too much.“Sure，”I responded.“did y
3、our freezer break down？”“Not exactly，”Lesley replied，“but I will explain when I arrive.”Minutes later came a huge freezer truck.Lesley stepped down and explained the lease(租约) of the grocery store her husband serviced had run out and that they had to empty all the freezers that very night.Thinking i
4、t was a shame to throw away all this good food，they decided to drop off food to anyone she could think of.Noticing our freezer was pretty empty，Lesley asked to fill it up.Our home was their last stop and anything left would have to be put in our freezer.An hour later，everything finished，I asked her，
5、“When will you come back for all this？”Lesley laughed，“We dont want it back.It is yours！Thanks for helping us out！”Then she waved goodbye and drove away.“For helping them out？”We opened our freezer door.Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often longed to try.We were struggling to buy
6、 groceries，yet it was not something we shared with anyone.However，our needs were met in an unexpected way，by that call，“Do you have room for a turkey？”【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者一家在困难时期意外收到一位只有点头之交的人的“求助”，实际上却得到对方帮助的故事。1How did the writer feel when she heard the phone ringing?AAngry.BAnxious.CShocked.DReli
7、eved.B考查推理判断。根据第一段中的This could not be good. My mind raced through the list of family members who might need help可知，作者刚听到电话铃响时认为不会有好事发生，猜测是哪个家人需要帮助，因此作者应是担忧的(anxious)。2What does the author indicate by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?AThey were running out of food supplies.BTheir freezer was to
8、o large to fill.CThey were glad to put the turkey in the freezer.DTheir freezer was less frequently used.A考查句意理解。画线句表示“我们冰箱的空间很多，事实上，是太多了”；最后一段中的Inside were all expensive foods we never bought but often longed to try暗示，作者真正想要表达的是他们生活困难，贮存的食物快吃完了，因此她家冰箱有太多的空间，故A项正确。3Why did Lesley call up the writer?
9、ABecause she didnt want food to go to waste.BBecause the writer was her good friend.CBecause something awful had happened.DBecause she knew the writer was in need.A考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句可知，Lesley不想把这么好的食物扔掉，所以决定把食物送给她能想起的任何人，包括作者，故A项正确。4What can be a suitable title for the text?AA friend on speaking termsB
10、Who is my angel?CUnexpected bargainsDDo you have room for a turkey?D考查标题判断。文章主要讲述了作者一家在困难时期收到Lesley的“求助”电话，询问其冰柜是否有空间存放火鸡，结果却得到Lesley的帮助的故事。结合文章前后均提到Do you have room for a turkey可知，D项正确。B (2019郑州市质量预测)People have different ways of dealing with a common cold.Some take overthecounter medicines such as
11、 aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup.Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold：nothing really cures it.So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work？According to James Taylor，professor at the University of Washington，colds usually
12、go away on their own in about a week，improving a little each day after symptoms peak，so its easy to believe its medicine rather than time that deserves the credit，USA Today reported.It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so comm
13、on as a cold.Recently，scientists came closer to figure out why.To understand it，you first need to know how antiviral drugs work.They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus.To do that，the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw
14、(拼图)，which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and BBut they didnt find out about the existence of a th
15、ird virus，rhinovirus C，until 2006.All three of them contribute to the common cold，but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.“This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses，”study leader Professor Ann CPalmen
16、berg at the University of WisconsinMadison，US，told Science Daily.Now，more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C，scientists have finally built a highlydetailed 3D model of the virus，showing that the surface of the virus is，as expected，different from that of other cold viruses.With the mod
17、el in hand，hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way.Soon，we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that dont really work.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了科学家们对普通感冒的相关研究。5What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold?AThey are quite effective.BThey are slightly helpful.CThey a
18、ctually have no effect.DThey still need to be improved.C考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者认为常见的应对普通感冒的方法都是无效的，这与第二段的专家论述呼应。6How do antiviral drugs work?ABy breaking up cold viruses directly.BBy changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.CBy preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.DBy abso
19、rbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.B考查细节理解。根据第三段第四句可知，抗病毒药物是通过附着在病毒表面，并改变其表面结构而起作用的。7What can we infer from the passage?AThe surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.BScientists have already found a cure for the common cold.CScientists were not aware of the existence of rhinov
20、irus C until recently.DKnowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.D考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，了解感冒病毒的结构是研发有效药物的关键所在。8What is the best title for this passage?ADrugs against cold virusesBHelpful home remediesCNo current cure for common coldDResearch on cold v
21、irusesC考查标题判断。根据第一段最后一句和最后一段的呼应，以及对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述了科学家们对普通感冒的研究，结果发现目前并没有有效的治疗方法。C (2019湘东六校联考)It is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs when theyre meeting another person or a group of people.However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr Harry Witch
22、el shows this isnt always the case.In his research，he asked 44 participants aged 1835 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong.Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces were video recorded.Afte
23、r the quiz，the participants were asked to rate their experience using a range of 12 emotions includingbored，interestedand frustratedMeanwhile，their facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.Dr Witchel
24、 said：“According to some researchers，a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness or amusement.However，behavioural ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions，meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling.Our study showed that in these huma
25、ncomputer interaction experiments，smiling isnt driven by happiness；it is associated with subjective involvement(主观参与)，which acts like a social fuel for smiling，even when socialising with a computer on your own.”Surprisingly，participants didnt tend to smile during the period when they were trying to
26、figure out the answers.However，they did smile right after the computer game informed them if their answer was correct or wrong.Participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong.Dr Witched added：“During these computerised quizzes，smiling was greatly increased just after answering question
27、s incorrectly.This behaviour could be explained by selfratings of involvement，rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅是社交的需要，并不能表明这个人一定是快乐的。 9Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game?ATo make it hard for participants to answe
28、r them correctly.BTo make the answer period last as long as possible.CTo discover the most intelligent participants.DTo create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.A考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句可知，他设计的问题很难，是为了让参加试验的人得出错误的答案；据此可知，设计难题的目的是让参与者难以答对题目，故A项正确。10What can we infer from what Dr Witchel said
29、 in Paragraph 4?AOther researchers opinion of a real smile is quite right.BSmiles arent necessarily useful tools in social interactions.CSubjective involvement doesnt motivate smiling in social interactions.DWitchels study finding is consistent with behavioural ecology theory.D考查推理判断。根据第四段尾句可知，试验结果表
30、明：微笑不是由快乐驱动的；它与主观参与有关；结合第四段第二句可知，行为生态学理论认为，所有的微笑都是社会交往中使用的工具，这意味着快乐对微笑来说既不是必要的，也不是丰富的。据此可以推断，研究的结果与行为生态学理论一致，故D项正确。11What do we know about the text?AParticipants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.BParticipants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.CIn Dr Witch
31、els opinion，smiling is connected with subjective involvement.DDr Witchel thinks that a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.C考查细节理解。根据第四段尾句可知，Witchel博士认为，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关。故C项正确。12What can be a suitable title for the text?AWhat Contributes to Real Happiness?BHow to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy?CSmiling Doesnt Necessarily Mean HappinessDPeople Generally Hold a Wrong View on HappinessC考查标题判断。通读全文，并结合文章第一段第二句可推知，文章陈述了这样的事实：微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定快乐。故C项最适合作本文的标题。