1、Period FourGrammarThe use of “it”(1)感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.2It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.3It is my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 years old!4Yo
2、ur mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.5Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.6This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.7As you know，if you do the
3、same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.8I didnt know，for example，that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.1it可以用作非人称代词，指代天气，如句1；也可以指代时间，如句3。2it用作非人称代词时，可以指代前面所说的部分内容或某个东西，如句4中的第二个it、句6、句7和句8
4、中的第一个it。3it可以代替主语从句，作形式主语，如句2；也可代替不定式作形式主语，如句5和句8中的第二个it。4it可以代替不定式作形式宾语，如句4中的第一个it。一、it 作人称代词1it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指上文提到的事物，以避免重复：Xian is a beautiful city，isnt it?西安是个美丽的城市，不是吗？2也可以指动物、婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子)或不明身份的人：Is this your dog?No，it isnt.这是你的狗吗？不是。Her new baby is tiny；it only weighs 2 kilos.她刚生的宝宝个头很小，才两千克重
5、。Who is it knocking at the door?It might be the postman.谁在敲门？可能是邮递员。二、it作非人称代词1指天气：It is a lovely day，isnt it?天气真不错，不是吗？It is a bit windy.有点风。2指时间：It was nearly midnight when she came back.她回来时已近午夜。3指环境：It was very quiet in the caf.咖啡馆里非常安静。4指距离：It is half an hours walk to the city centre from my ho
6、me.从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。5指日期：Whats the date today? Its May 1,2018.今天是几号？2018年5月1日。6指季节：It is summer now.现在是夏季。三、it作形式主语1it作形式主语替代动词不定式(1)It beadj.(for sb.) to do sth.此处的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，il
7、legal，wellmannered，illmannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous等。It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.青少年没有驾照开车是违法的。(2)It beadj.of sb.to do sth.此处的形容词通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless
8、，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy等。Its kind of you to help me with the problem.帮我解决问题，你真是太好了。2it作形式主语替代主语从句(1)It isadj.从句It is clear (obvious/true/possible/certain/.) that.该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的)”。例如：It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.很明显
9、他又胖又高像一棵树。(2)It isv.edthat.Sb./Sth.isv.edto doIt is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped/.) that.该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉)”。It is said that he has come to Beijing.据说他已经来北京了。It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.据报道另一个地球卫星已发射进
10、轨道。(3)It isn.that.It is a pity (a shame/an honor/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中，如果表示出乎意料等感情，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省去，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！四、it作形式
11、宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有think，believe，make，find，consider，feel等。 I think it no use arguing with him.我认为和他争吵没有用。I found it very interesting to study English.我发现学英语非常有趣。He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.他非常清楚地表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。疑难辨析一、it替代作
12、主语的动名词或不定式的常见句型Its no good/use doing.Its (well) worth doing.Its worthwhile doing/to do.二、it常用的固定搭配1make it(1)在口语当中相当于succeed，表示“成功，做到，说定，赶上，及时到达”。例如：He never really made it as an actor.他从来就不是一个成功的演员。(2)在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”。例如：Shall we meet next week?OK.We just make it next Saturday.我们下星
13、期见面好吗？好。那我们约定好下星期六吧。2take it/things easy相当于dont worry或dont hurry，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”。Take it easy! He will do it well.别担心！他会做好的。3it all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasnt been decided yet，表示“视情况而定”。Are you going to the countryside for holiday?It/That all depends.你要去乡村度假吗？那得看情况。4its up to s
14、b.在口语中，相当于its decided by sb.表示“由决定，由负责，取决于”。Shall we go out for dinner?Its up to you.我们出去吃晚饭吗？你决定吧。.用适当的代词填空1Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018浙江)2It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be
15、 overly concerned about bad tables，” given that theyre profitable.(2018江苏)3Whatever youre looking for，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.(2018全国)4The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popula
16、r events in gardening.(2018全国)5When it comes to technology and reading，the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.(2018全国)6I cant find my purse.I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津)7For most
17、of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.(2018浙江)8However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day.(2017全国).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1It was both and frighten
18、ing to be up there！(2016浙江，短文改错)2Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around .(2015浙江，短文改错)3It is difficult to why she barks every minute shes outside.(2014辽宁，短文改错)4We were organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city. will be held on the 9th of July in
19、 the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.(2008宁夏，短文改错)5Now，I fully understand how hard is to earn money.(2008浙江，短文改错).用适当的代词填空1This house is beautiful with a garden.We really like it very much.2Well，you mustnt play on the road.It is dangerous.3Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see who it is.4I have a new
20、 copy of the book.Id like to send it to you.No，thanks.Id rather buy one in the bookstore.5The mistake made it impossible for us to go on.6From the teachers patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility it is to educate us.7I know it is important to know my own limitations, but what is
21、 difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.8I would appreciate it very much if you could give me some suggestions.9It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.10Will you see to it that my children are taken good care of while I am away?.完成句子11I
22、ts kind of you to share your dictionary with me.与我共用你的字典，你真是太好了。12Whats worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to observe traffic rules.更糟的是，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交通规则不重要。13He owes it to his doctors care that he is quite well again.多亏医生的照料，他的身体又好起来了。14We all take it for gran
23、ted that Mile can succeed.我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。15How far is it from your hometown to Beijing?从你的家乡到北京有多远？基础巩固.用适当的代词填空1If youre buying todays paper from the stand，could you get one for me?2The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.3It is said that he once worked
24、 in a factory.4Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be?5It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.6Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.7I find it my fault to have hurt her feelings.8New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products fa
25、ster and at lower cost.9The weather here is better than that in Shandong.10I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11I think impossible to persuade the man to quit his plan.12. is no wonder that the girl looks so happyshe has won the first prize.13This coat looks so nice，so
26、I would like to buy .14The old man said that its no use here so long.15It is a pity that you 或would miss such a good chance.能力提升.阅读理解(2017河南新乡延津一中高二检测)The younger generation，according to a new survey，can hardly remember the last time of climbing trees or flying kites，as they are kept indoors and sho
27、rt of outdoor experiences.The survey of 1,000 people found that the current generation of 15 to 34yearolds have fewer memories of 12 key countryside activities such as swimming in the rivers or going fishing.The research found that three quarters of the older generation remembered playing games or c
28、limbing trees，compared with two thirds of younger adults.The 55 generation also had more memories of collecting stones，visiting a farm or pond dipping.Altogether，two thirds of older people had more memories of playing outdoors compared to just over half of the younger generation.The Royal Society fo
29、r the Protection of Birds (RSPB) carried out the study at the start of the school term to stress the growing worry that children are not getting outdoors enough.The study has found that 82 percent of people think that schools should provide more outdoor education and most believe nature is still imp
30、ortant to children today.Dr Mike Clarke，head of the RSPB，said children who are usually kept indoors are easier to get “nature deficit disorder”He said public money should be used to take children on day trips to nature and to build wildlife gardens，especially in poor areas.“To many people，it would s
31、eem clear and unquestionable that an important part of childhood is exploring the world around you.Unfortunately，this is far from the fact and the children are having less time and fewer chances to get close to nature，” he said.“The RSPB has more than a 40year history in getting children outdoors an
32、d is still continuing to play our role.We now need the government and the schools to realize that they should play the most important role in making it possible for all the children to experience，enjoy and benefit from the outdoor environment.”语篇解读本文分析了现在孩子们在户外活动不多的现状，建议孩子多到大自然中进行户外活动。16Compared wit
33、h the current generation，the older generation have .Amore homework and exercises when they were childrenBmore memories of wonderful life in the countrysideCfewer memories of taking part in outdoor activitiesDfewer chances of going on a visit to the big cities答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，现在的年轻一代与老一辈人相比，对乡村活动
34、的记忆更少，所以老一辈人有更多乡村生活的记忆。故选B。17The RSPB carried out the study in order to tell people to .Aspend more time with their kidsBcare more about the kids growthClet their kids get more outdoor activitiesDorder the schools to provide outdoor education答案C解析推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，RSPB进行研究是为了强调现在孩子们室外运动的不足，让孩子们更多地进行室
35、外活动。故选C。18According to the passage，“nature deficit disorder” often happens to .Achildren who often stay indoorsBchildren who often go outdoorsCall the younger generationDall the older generation答案A解析细节理解题。根据第七段中的“children who are usually kept indoors are easier to get nature deficit disorder”可知，长期待在
36、室内的孩子更容易得“自然缺失症”。故选A。19We can learn from Dr Clarkes words in the last paragraph that .Aall the children cant get close to nature and arent healthy any longerBoutdoor activities are the most important for the current generationCthe RSPB is more important than the government and schools in getting kid
37、s outdoorsDthe RSPB plays an important role in getting kids outdoors all the time答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，RSPB在让孩子们更多地接触自然方面一直起着很大的作用。故选D。.完形填空Anthony Burgess was 40 years old when he was told by the doctor that he had only one year to live.He had a brain tumor(瘤) that would 20 him within a year.He kn
38、ew he had a battle.He was completely broken at that time，and he didnt have anything to 21 to his wife，Lynne，who would soon be a widow(寡妇)Burgess had 22 been a professional novelist in the past，but he always knew that the potential(潜质) was inside him to be a writer.So，for the only 23 of leaving royal
39、ties(版税) behind to his wife，he 24 a piece of paper into a typewriter and began 25 .Although he was not 26 whether what he wrote would even be published，he couldnt think of else to do.“It was January of 1960，” he said，“and according to what the 27 had said，I had a winter and spring and summer to 28 ，
40、and would die with the fall of the 29 .”During that time Burgess wrote very hard， 30 five and a half long novels 31 the year passed by.But Anthony Burgess did not 32 .His cancer had gone into remission(缓解) and then disappeared altogether.In his long and full life as a 33 ，he wrote more than 70 novel
41、s；but 34 death sentences，he might not have written at all.Many of us are like Anthony Burgess，hiding 35 inside，waiting for some 36 emergency to bring it out. 37 yourself what youd do if you had Anthony Burgess 38 difficult situation.If I had just a year to live，how would I live 39 from others who wo
42、uld be desperate？What exactly would I do?语篇解读文章讲述了安东尼伯吉斯被诊断患有脑瘤，艰难的处境激发了伯吉斯的潜能，使他开始写作，最终成为一名小说家。20A.kill BcureCsupport Dchange答案A解析根据上文“Anthony Burgess was 40 years old when he was told by the doctor that he had only one year to live.”可知，脑瘤会在一年内要他的命。kill杀死。故选A。21A.set out Bworry aboutCleave behind D
43、depend on答案C解析根据上文“He was completely broken at that time”可知，他没有什么可以留给他的妻子。leave behind留下。故选C。22A.ever BneverCyet Dalways答案B解析根据下文“but he always knew that the potential(潜质) was inside him to be a writer”可知，安东尼伯吉斯过去从来不是一个专业的小说家。never从不。故选B。23A.cause BuseCpurpose Drule答案C解析根据下文“leaving royalties(版税) be
44、hind to his wife”可知他的目的是给妻子留下版税。purpose目的。故选C。24A.found BputCadded Ddropped答案B解析句意为：他将一张纸放进打字机。put放置。故选B。25A.learning BresearchingCdrawing Dwriting答案D解析根据上文“leaving royalties(版税) behind to his wife”可知，他开始写作。write写作。故选D。26A.certain BawareCsurprised Dsatisfied答案B解析句意为：虽然他不知道他写的东西是否会被出版，但是他想不出还能做什么。be
45、aware of意识到，知道。故选B。27A.wife BfriendCdoctor Dstudent答案C解析根据上文“he was told by the doctor”可知，医生告诉他他只有一年的时间了。故选C。28A.think over Bdeal withCwait for Dlive through答案D解析根据上文“he had only one year to live”可知，他有一个冬天、一个春天和一个夏天可以度过。live through度过。故选D。29A.wall BsnowCcity Dleaf答案D解析根据上文“I had a winter and spring
46、and summer”可知，他在下次落叶的时候就要去世了。leaf叶子。故选D。30A.reading BtranslatingCcollecting Dfinishing答案D解析句意为：那段时间伯吉斯努力写作，完成了五本半长篇小说。finish完成。故选D。31A.until BsinceCbefore Dwhen答案C解析这里强调的是这一年还没有过去，他就完成了五本半长篇小说。before在之前。故选C。32A.refuse BdieCescape Ddisappear答案B解析根据下文“His cancer had gone into remission (缓解) and then d
47、isappeared altogether.”可知，他没有死(die)。故选B。33A.novelist BpoliticianCdesigner Dpatient答案A解析根据下文“he wrote more than 70 novels”可知，他作为一名小说家(novelist)。故选A。34A.without BasCfor Dwith答案C解析句意为：要不是死亡判决，他可能根本就不会写作。but for要不是。故选C。35A.kindness BgreatnessChappiness Dpain答案B解析根据上文“but he always knew that the potentia
48、l(潜质) was inside him to be a writer”可知，我们很多人都像安东尼伯吉斯一样，将伟大隐藏在内心。greatness伟大。故选B。36A.favorable BnationalCunexpected Dsmall答案C解析根据上文“when he was told by the doctor that he had only one year to live”可知，我们都在等着一些意想不到的事情将内在的潜能激发出来。unexpected意料之外的。故选C。37A.Teach BHelpCAsk DMake答案C解析根据下文“What exactly would I
49、 do？”可知，是问你自己：如果你处在安东尼伯吉斯的困境你会怎么做。ask问。故选C。38A.latest BoriginalCstrange Dnew答案B解析根据上文可知，安东尼伯吉斯最初被诊断患有脑瘤。属于最初的困难处境。original原始的，最初的。故选B。39A.highly BseparatelyClonely Ddifferently答案D解析句意为：我怎么能和那些绝望的人生活得不一样呢？differently不同地。故选D。.语法填空After four years of living here，I have a better 40 (understand) of north
50、ern Chinas food.Northern Chinas hearty food is 41 (general) more acceptable to Westerners.They can enjoy Beijing roast duck，beef and dairy from Inner Mongolia，and Korean dishes in the northeast.Northern China experiences cold and dry winters，and hot summers， 42 (make) calories and salt replacement m
51、ore important.As a result，northern dishes have strong flavors，compared with the south 43 dishes are lighter in flavor.Wheat is the main crop of northern China，and you will find a variety of wheatflour 44 (product)Rice is also eaten in the north，but it is certainly secondary to wheat.Dumplings are ve
52、ry popular in the north， 45 (serve) with vinegar for dipping.Northerners tend to eat more meat and dairy for the purpose 46 fighting against the cold weather.Most meat dishes 47 (base) on mutton，pork，beef，chicken，and fish. 48 are less fresh vegetables available because of the cold weather.Fruit is t
53、raditionally limited to a few hard seasonal varieties like apples，so it doesnt feature much in the cuisine，although the northwest is famous for 49 (it) dried fruit and wine.40答案understanding解析考查名词。设空处作宾语，前面有a better限定且意为“理解”，故填understanding。41答案generally解析考查副词。设空处修饰形容词，故填副词generally。42答案making解析考查非谓
54、语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词experiences，此处应用非谓语动词。Northern China与make之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且make所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填making。43答案where解析考查定语从句引导词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰the south，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。44答案products解析考查名词单复数。此处意为“各种各样的由面粉制成的产品”，故填product的复数形式。45答案served解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语，serve与dumplings之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且serve表示的动
55、作已完成，故填served。46答案of解析考查固定搭配。for the purpose of意为“为了；目的是”。47答案are based解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，且主语meat dishes(复数)与base之间是被动关系，故填are based。48答案There解析考查固定句型。句意为：由于天气寒冷，新鲜蔬菜比较少。此处是there be句型，故填There。49答案its解析考查代词。设空处后有名词fruit and wine，故填形容词性物主代词its。.短文改错My parents run the restaurant in our city.I
56、 help out there after school every time when I am free.Yesterday afternoon I went there help out as usual.While I was there，two foreigners from Australia came to have a meal.Learned that they didnt speak Chinese at all，I went up and greeted them with English.I recommended some typical dish to them a
57、nd they had a nicely meal.After the meal，they expressed their satisfaction with the food but praised me for my English.It was the first time that I have communicated with foreigners.My parents felt proud of mine.答案My parents run restaurant in our city.I help out there after school every time when I
58、am free.Yesterday afternoon I went there help out as usual.While I was there，two foreigners from Australia came to have a meal. that they didnt speak Chinese at all，I went up and greeted them English.I recommended some typical to them and they had a meal.After the meal，they expressed their satisfaction with the food praised me for my English.It was the first time that I communicated with foreigners.My parents felt proud of .