1、备战高考之主语从句的用法总结第 5 页一、定义在句子中担当主语的从句，就叫主语从句。通常放在主句谓语动词之前，或由形式主语it代替、而本身放在句子末尾。二、连接词根据主语从句所缺句子成分的情况，主语从句会由不同的连接词连接，常见的连接词有：that、if/whether、连接代词、连接副词和what。三、that引导的主语从句（一）当主语从句本身不缺成分时，就会使用that来连接。此时，that只起连接作用，但不能省略。如：That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all. （他要来我们村，让我们都感到很惊讶。）That sh
2、e used to be a spy is known to all. （大家都知道，她过去是个间谍。）这种情况下，因为主语从句往往比谓语部分更长，会导致整个句子头重脚轻，所以经常会用it作为形式主语来替换主语从句，而把主语从句放到句末。此时，that也只起连接作用，但可以省略。比如，以上两个句子就存在这个问题，所以一般都会改为：It surprises us all (that) he will come to our village tomorrow.It is known to all (that) she used to be a spy.（二）如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it
3、的结构。如：That she is our English teacher is true. （她是我们的英语老师，是真的。）That he has been there twice is a fact. （他去过那儿两次了，是真的。）这两句话如果改为一般疑问句时，不能这么改：错误：Is that she is your English teacher true?错误：Is that he has been there twice a fact?而是要改为含有形式主语it的句子：Is it true that she is your English teacher?Is it a fact t
4、hat he has been there twice?（三）在形式主语it引导的主语从句结构“It is+形容词/名词/名词短语等+that主语从句”中，如果is后面的表语是表示重要或必要等（如important、necessary、a necessity等）含义时，that从句中的谓语动词一般要采用“should + do”的虚拟语气形式，should经常省略。如：It is imperative that we (should) make a quick decision. （我们要尽快做出决定。）It is necessary that we (should) learn Englis
5、h well. （我们必须学好英语。）四、if/whether引导的主语从句当主语从句本身含有是否的意思时，连接词必须用if或whether。但是，如果主语从句位于句首时，只能用whether，不能用if。如：Whether it will do good to us remains to be seen. （是否对我们有害还要看一看。）这种情况下，因为主语从句也比较长，会导致头重脚轻的情况，所以也经常用形式主语it来代替，而把主语从句放到句末去。此时，连接词除了用whether外，也可以用if。如上面的句子就可以改为：It remains to be seen if/whether it w
6、ill do good to us.再比如：Whether the band would visit our city was still a mystery. （这个乐队是否会来我们城市仍然是个谜。）上面的句子可以改为：It was still a mystery if/whether the band would visity our city.五、连接代词引导的主语从句常用来连接主语从句的连接代词有：who、whom、which、whose、whoever、whomever、whichever等。这些连接代词在从句中有的作主语，有的作宾语，有的作定语。如：作主语：Who won the
7、game hasnt been announced yet. （谁赢得了比赛，还没宣布。）作宾语：Whom you talked to just now will be confirmed later. （你刚才跟谁说话了，之后会证实的。）作定语：Whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb will engage the whole world in war. （无论哪个国家使用原子弹都会使全世界卷入战争。）为了避免头重脚轻，这种情况下的主语从句也经常用形式主语it来代替，而把主语从句放到句末。但是，连接代词始终都不能省略。如上面的两句话可以改为：It h
8、asnt been announced yet who won the game.It will be confirmed later whom you talked to just now.It will engage the whole world in war whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb.六、连接副词引导的主语从句能够用来连接主语从句的连接副词主要有：when、where、why、how等。这些连接副词在主语从句中作状语。如：When they will arrive at the station doesnt matter. （他们
9、何时到站没有什么关系。）How the accident happended is still unknown. （这场事故是怎么发生的，还不清楚。）Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery. （他为什么没有参加会议仍然是个谜。）Where I will spend my summer is none of your business. （我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。）为了避免头重脚轻，上面的句子可以改为：It doesnt matter when they will arrive at the station.It is stil
10、l unknown how the accident happended.It remains a mystery why he was absent from the meeting.It is none of your business where I will spend my summer.七、what引导的主语从句与that不同的是，what除了可以引导主语从句起连接作用外，还同时在从句中充当主语或宾语。如：作主语：What really matters is that she needs a shower at once. （真正重要的是，她得马上冲个澡。）作宾语：What I a
11、m worried about is their taking my son to France. （我担心的是他们要把我儿子带到法国去。）有的时候，whatever也可以用来连接主语从句。如：Whatever you do makes no difference to me. （你做什么对我来说都没区别。）需要注意的是，当what或whatever引导主语从句时，一般不能改为由形式主语it来引导的句子。课后练习题1、-Mary looks down today. What is up? -Well, _ happened between Mary and me is none of your
12、 business.A. wherever B. whoever C. whatever D. no matter what2、_will do good to a senior student to do a part-time job-they will know more about society.A. They B. That C. It D. As3、_ was found on the ground confirmed that fall had arrived in Canada. A. It B. That C. What D. When4、 The limits of a
13、persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why5、Since there are many excellent athletes competing against each other in the game, it is uncertain _ he will succeed in winning the medal.A. th
14、at B. what C. whether D. where6、 It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A. that B. what C. whereD. which7、 _ girls can be _ they would like to be, whether it is a pilot or an astronaut, is being accepted all around the world. A. What; whomever B. That; whatever C. If; whoev
15、er D. 不填; whatever8、_ is known to all is that effective measures should be taken to deal with the problem of the over-exploiting of our resources. A. What B. It C. As D. Which9、It was absurd that _ those who had done better than him in this way.Adid he envy B he envied Che was envied Dwas he envied1
16、0、It makes his life quite different _he has received higher education abroad.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dhow11、_matters much _the headmaster supports our activity.AIt；whether BWhat；whether CAs；that DThat；if12、 _ was the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.A. It
17、 was the sun and not the earth B. Being the sun and not the earthC. That the sun not the earth D. The sun and not the earth13、 _ is when countries help each other and build a good friendship. A. That is even better B. It is even better C. What is even better D. Whether is even better14、 _the college
18、 girl was enjoying the rainbow after the thunderstorm when she fell down from the balcony of a six-storey building and got killed. A. It is reported that B. As it is reported, C. As is reported that D. It is reported by15、 Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do? No, I am looking for is some
19、thing much bigger and stronger. A. who B. that C. what D. which 16、 _ golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed. A. Whether B. Why C. That D. What17、-Steven has got the first prize in the math contest. -_ he looks so happy today.A. Theres no doubt that B. Its no wonde
20、r that C. This is no doubt whether D. That is no wonder whether18、 _ is even more important is that the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.A. When B. That C. Which D. What19、Didnt you tell Tom about the meeting?_I said to him goes in one ear and out the other. A. However B. No m
21、atter how C. Whatever D. No matter what20、 It is by no means clear_ the president can do to end the strick.A. how B. which C. that D. what21、 Everyone knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it; it B. what; what C. it; what D.
22、what; it22、 _ gets well prepared will pass the exam easily. A. Who B. Whoever C. Those who D. Anyone 23、_ made things worse, he said, was that his roommate never look part in any of the cleaning work AWhat BWhich CThat DWho24、 _ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowad
23、ays in China.A. That B. Why C. What D. Whether25、_ the children dream about is the freedoms to develop their special gift.A Which BWhat CThat DHow26、 _ water to grow is well-known. A. That trees need B. These trees need C. That tree needs D. Trees need27、 _ enters the computer rooms should take off
24、his shoes in order to keep them clean enough. A. Who B. Whoever C. What D. Whatever28、 _ the climate changes so much has caused many discussions among the scientists. A. What B. Which C. When D. That29、_ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No mat
25、ter which C. Whatever D. Whichever30、I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter_Im talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 31、 After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that
26、D. how32、At the evening party the host said_ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.Awhoever Bwho Cno matter who Dwhomever33、_ comes will be welcome to the open air concert.AWhatever BWhoever CNo matter what DNo matter who34、It is obvious to the students _ they should get
27、well prepared for their future.Aas Bwhich Cwhether Dthat35、It is uncertain _side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.A. that B. what C. how D. whether36、_surprised us very much that Tom should have left without a word. Ahe BIt CThis DThat37、Does it
28、 matter much the sales manager wont attend the meeting tomorrow? Aif Bwhat Cwhen Dthat38、 different life today is what it was 50 years ago.AHow; from BWhat a; from CWhat; from DWhat; with39、 What made the teacher so angry?_ late again. A. Toms being B. Because Tom was C. Tom was D. Tom being40、 It is not yet well understood _ has made the rainforest disappear year by year. A. what B. which C. that D. how参考答案1、C 2、C 3、C 4、B 5、 C 6、A 7、B 8、A 9、B 10、A11、A 12、C 13、C 14、A 15、C 16、C 17、B 18、D 19、C 20、D21、C 22、B 23、A 24、A 25、B 26、A 27、B 28、D 29、D 30、B 31、B 32、A 33、B 34、D 35、B 36、B 37、D38、A 39、A40、A