1、考点8:词 类 转 换真题再练1.(2015卷I69)And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it _(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.修饰动词arranges作状语，用副词。regularly2.(2015卷II63)In addition to
2、 their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able)to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。ability3.(2015卷II65)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _(slow)during cool nights,thus warming the
3、house.修饰谓语动词give out，表示“慢慢地散热”,用副词slowly。slowly4.(2015卷II69)As _(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.在名词前作定语要用形容词。natural5.(2014卷I62)The river was so polluted that it _(actual)caught fire and burned.修饰谓语动
4、词caught，用副词作状语，表示“居然”。6.(2014卷I70)Just be _(patience).在系动词be后作表语，要用形容词。actuallypatient7.(2014卷II50)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers _(sudden)became friendly to one another.修饰动词became，作状语，用副词。suddenly思路点拨当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5
5、点顺利解决：1.作主语或宾语用名词形式。如：But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009广东卷)解析：在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词her后还没有名词，一定是用名词形式，故填choice。choice2.在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some,any,a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用名词形式。如真题再练第2题。3.作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。如真题再练第4、6题，分别是
6、作定语和表语。又如：I consider it _(use)for us to use English-English dictionary.解析：句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，所给词在句中作宾补，要用形容词，表示“有益的，有用的”，故填useful。useful4.作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用副词。如真题再练第1、3、7题都是修饰动词，用副词。又如：(1)When we were wondering what to do,the manager came out.She was 22_(surprise)helpful.(2014广东卷)解析：句
7、中已有作表语的形容词helpful，要用副词来修饰helpful；由语境句意可知，是指“意外地”有帮助，故填surprisingly。surprisingly(2)_(lucky),he had a cow which produced milk every day.(2015广东卷)解析：空格位于句首，且有逗号隔开，可知是修饰全句，用副词作状语；“有一头每天都产牛奶的母牛”应当是“幸运地”，故填Luckily。Luckily5.当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。如：In Alaska,the wolf
8、 almost _(appear)a few years ago,because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.解析：主句缺谓语,应填动词，而appear本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑变词义；由because从句可知，主句意思应是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了”，要用disappear；再由a few years ago可知，要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。disappeared注意：解题时，既要根据句子结构需要确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通顺。如：He failed his maths examination
9、 because of his _(care)work.解析：在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由failed可知，要填表示否定意义的“careless”(粗心大意的)，意义才通顺。careless考点归纳在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下3点：(1)形容词副词。如真题再练的第1、3、5、7四个小题。(2)形容词名词。如真题再练的第2题。(3)名词形容词。如真题再练的第4、6题。但从九年来的广东卷来看，除上述考点外，还考了：(1)动词名词：choose choice(2009年)；(2
10、)动词副词：surprise surprisingly(2014年)。现将主要考点归纳如下：1.形容词与副词的转换(高频考点)规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式1 一般直接加lyquick_;rude_;wide_;real_;careful_2(辅音字母+)y ilyeasy_;angry_;happy_;heavy_;busy_quicklyrudelywidelyreallycarefullyeasilyangrilyhappilyheavilybusily规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式3-ble-blypossible_;probable_;terrible_;noble_;com
11、fortable_4(个别)去e加lytrue_;whole_;gentle_;ample_;simple_simplypossiblyprobablyterriblynoblycomfortablytrulywhollygentlyamply规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式5 ic结尾加allybasic_;classic_;magic_;optimistic_;scientific _;但public _basicallyclassicallymagicallyoptimisticallyscientificallypublicly规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式1+
12、almusic musical;person_;nation_;centre_;practice_2 tureturalnature natural;culture_;agriculture_;architecture_ 2.名词与形容词的转换architectural personalnationalcentralpracticalculturalagricultural规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式3 icsicalpolitics political;physics_;mathematics_;statistics _4+erneast eastern;west_;
13、south_;north_;southwest_physicalmathematicalstatisticalwesternsouthernnorthernsouthwestern规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式5+ibleaccess accessible;horror_;terror_6+fulsuccess successful;power_;peace_;mercy_;beauty_horribleterriblemercifulpeacefulbeautifulpowerful规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式7+ish fool foolish
14、;self_;child_8+ousdanger dangerous;anxiety_;ambition_;curiosity_;humor_selfishchildishanxiousambitiouscurioushumorous规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式9anceantimportance important;significance_;distance _10enceentabsence absent;silence_;difference_;convenience_significantdistantsilentdifferentconvenient规律总结
15、请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式11 ency entfluency fluent;efficiency_;emergency_;urgency_12+lyfriend friendly;day _;time _;man _;mother _efficientemergenturgentdailytimelymanlymotherly规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式13 ble bility able ability;responsible_;possible_;flexible_14+y;去e，+y;双写，+yhealth healthy;sleep_;dif
16、ficult_;noise_;sun_responsibilitypossibilityflexibilitysleepydifficultynoisysunny规律总结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式15 adj.+ness n.weak weakness;kind_;ill_;sad_;happy_16 adj.+th n.strong strength;long_;wide_;warm_;true_kindnesssadnesshappinesslengthwidthwarmthtruthillness规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式17 ateacya
17、ccurate accuracy;private_;adequate_18 其他各类free freedom;wise_;cruel_;safe_;tire_;trouble_;history_;science_;brave_;short_privacyadequacytroublesomecrueltysafetytiresomehistoric(al)scientificbraveryshortagewisdom3.动词与名词的转换规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式1+ationexpect expectation;present_;注意：explain_2去e，+ationinvite i
18、nvitation;educate _;examine_;prepare_;pronounce_presentationexplanationeducationexaminationpreparationpronunciation规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式3去e，+tionproduce production;introduce _；注意：describe _4去e，+iondevote devotion;pollute _;contribute _;revise _introductiondescriptionpollutioncontributionrevision规律总结 请写出下
19、列动词的名词形式5+ionact action;attract_;protect_;suggest_；注意：intend_discuss _;express_;possess_;impress _attractionprotectionsuggestionintentiondiscussionexpressionpossessionimpression规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式6去t/d/de，+sionadmit admission;permit_;extend_;conclude_;divide_7+ance；去e，+anceappear appearance;perform_;ac
20、quaint_;guide_permissionextensionconclusiondivisionperformanceacquaintanceguidance规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式8+enceexist existence;prefer_;refer_;differ_;depend_9+mentachieve achievement;agree _;announce_;develop_;encourage_encouragementdevelopmentagreementdependencedifferencereferencepreferenceannouncement规律总
21、结请写出下列动词的名词形式10去e，+alarrive arrival;approve _;survive _;refuse _11+urefail failure;press_;depart _;mix _approvalsurvivalrefusalpressuredeparturemixture规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式12+yrecover recovery;discover_13 其他choose choice;vary_;tend_;advise_;apologize_;classify_;grow_discoveryvarietyclassificationadviceap
22、ologygrowthtendency4.动词与形容词的转换规律总结请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式1+ablesuit suitable;admire_;rely_;comfort_;reason_2+fuldoubt doubtful;harm_;hope_;care_;use_admirablereliablecomfortablereasonableharmfulhopefulcarefuluseful规律总结请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式3+iveact active;attract_;impress_;create_4+ary imagine _ima
23、ginaryattractiveimpressivecreative规律总结请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式5adj.+env.deep deepen;wide _;less_;worse_6 en+adj.v.large enlarge;rich_;able_;noble_widenlessenworsenenrichenableennoble5.表示否定的前缀与后缀规律总结请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语1 dis+advantage disadvantage;agree _;appear_;cover_disagreedisappeardiscover规律总结请写出与
24、下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语2il/m/n legal illegal;polite _;patient_;convenient_3mis+understand misunderstand;lead_;direct_;trust_impoliteimpatientinconvenientmisleadmisdirectmistrust规律总结请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语4un+able unable;fair_;fit _;fortunate_;usual_5+lesshope hopeless;end_;stain_;taste_;use_unfairunfitunfortuna
25、teunusualendlessstainlesstastelessuseless6.表示人的后缀 规律总结请写出下列表示人的名词1+ersing singer;teach_;strange_;village_;employ_2+oract actor;invent _;educate_;visit_;conduct_teacherstrangervillageremployerinventoreducatorvisitorconductor规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词3+eeemploy employee;interview _;pay_;absent_4+essact actress;
26、wait_;host_;steward_;god_intervieweepayeeabsenteewaitresshostessstewardessgoddess规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词5+eseChina Chinese;Japan _;Burma(缅甸)_;Vietnam_6+nAsia Asian;America_;Australia_;India_;Korea_JapaneseBurmeseVietnameseAmericanAustralianIndianKorean规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词7+ianmusic musician;history_;library_;p
27、hysics_;politics_8+istart artist;novel _;tour_;cycle_;science_historianlibrarianphysicianpoliticiannovelisttouristcyclistscientist规律总结请写出下列表示人的名词9+antassist assistant;account _;consult _;apply _;serve _10+arlie liar;beg_beggaraccountantconsultantapplicantservant考点练透1.Actually,I _(agree)with you over
28、 this matter.I have my own view.2.The benefits and _(advantage)of ability grouping can be listed as follows.3.What I _(like)most about this movie is that there are too many rude gestures.disagreedisadvantagesdislike4.I will not make friends with a _(honest)person.5._(fortune)never come singly.Bad th
29、ings happened to him one after another.6.I am sorry I _(understand)what you said.dishonestMisfortunesmisunderstood7.It is wrong to _(use)our natural resources.8.It was important for you to _(write)the essay to polish it according to the editors suggestion.9.Plans have been put forward to pull down a
30、nd _(build)the area.misuserewriterebuild10.The village is far away from the county,and they find it _(convenient)if buses are not available.11.A good education is the best way to success and _(dependence).12.You will be fined if you smoke in public in Hong Kong because it is _(legal)to do so.inconve
31、nientindependenceillegal13.In most countries,it is _(polite)to ask about other peoples income.14.It was _(possible)for anyone to get in because no one knew the password.15.He got _(patient)as the first hour passed and then another.impatient impoliteimpossible16.She was taken to hospital suffering fr
32、om an _(regular)heartbeat.17.She is not easy to get along with.I find her very cool and _(friendly).18.To most young children,being laughed at by others is an _(pleasant)experience.irregularunfriendlyunpleasant19.He was _(happy)because of his separation from his mother.20.We have some _(finished)bus
33、iness to settle.21.If you are _(willing)to go,dont hesitate to say no.unhappyunfinishedunwilling22.Until last year he was still an _(known)singer,but now he is very popular with young people.23.She failed to _(lock)the safe in spite of all her efforts,so she asked him to help her open it.24.You will
34、 soon know the whole thing because the facts start to _(fold)before us.unknownunlockunfold25.It was an _(believable)moment when Chris won the gold medal.26.Many cities in China now have direct or _(stop)flights to Beijing.27.We must _(large)our views by reading.unbelievablenon-stopenlarge28.Polluted
35、 water and air could _(danger)peoples lives.29.He was absent from an _(national)conference in Geneva.30.Some of the _(village)had noted the number of the truck.endangerinternationalvillagers31.Over 300 _(compete)from more than 80 countries competed in the Games.32.The number of foreign _(visit)rose
36、from 23,480 in 2009 to 116,209 in 2013.33.Today _(science)are still faced with many unknown petitorsvisitorsscientists34.The audience warmly clapped to welcome the world-famous _(violin),one of the best in the world.35.The boss of the company is a woman,and most of her _(employ)are also women.36.He
37、has a strong desire to become a _(music),so he works hard.violinistemployeesmusician37.People in China dont like hugging each other when meeting,which is a common practice in some other _(Europe)countries.38.The couple and their two children live in an _(Asia)community in San Francisco.39.Shes a ver
38、y great dramatic _(act)and _(direct).EuropeanAsianactressdirector40.As the wages were low,there were few _(apply)for the job.41.The _(speak)on the stage didnt know that the _(speak)on the left didnt seem to be working.42.It is important to know your own _(strong)and _(weak).applicantsspeakerspeakers
39、trengthsweaknesses43.However,money doesnt always bring _(happy)to people.44.We are ready to face any _(hard).45.Nowadays borrowing money is the quickest way to end a good _(friend).happinesshardshipfriendship46.Just as the old saying goes,_(honest)is the best policy.47.He experienced great _(difficu
40、lt)in getting a visa to leave the country.48.They show great _(anxious)about their retirement allowance.honestydifficultyanxiety49.Its very important to teach the children about road _(safe).50.We must accept the _(possible)that we might be wrong.51.I dont think you are telling me the whole _(true)a
41、bout what happened.safetypossibilitytruth52.He was touched by the _(warm)of their welcome.53.The law states that everyone has the _(free)to practise their own religion.54.With knowledge and _(wise),the old man is respected and loved by the people.warmthfreedomwisdom55.The program will be of _(signif
42、icant)in the process.56.To avoid unexpected accidents,we should emphasize the _(important)of careful driving.57.The work required great _(patient).significanceimportancepatience58.The French government called for an end to the _(violent).59.He was awarded for his _(brave)in the battle.60.We discusse
43、d shortening the _(long)of the course.length violencebravery61.Venice is one of the great tourist _(attract)in the world.62.He has made an important _(contribute)to the success of the project.63.Mr.Smith is the president of a large international _(organize).attractionscontributionorganization64.She
44、will give a full _(explain)of the _(decide)to us on Monday.65.Her perfect _(pronounce)attracted everyone present.66.They charged for _(admit)so we cant enter without _(permit).explanationdecisionpronunciationadmissionpermission67.In _(conclude),we should like to thank all those who have worked so ha
45、rd for the project.68.She likes films that have a happy _(end).69.Everyone likes to work in pleasant _(surround).conclusionendingsurroundings70.Success is not final and _(fail)is not fatal.It is the courage to continue that counts.71.I felt a great sense of _(achieve)when I reached the top of the mo
46、untain.72.He celebrated the _(arrive)of the New Year with a party for his friends.failureachievementarrival73.The issue has caused heated political _(argue).74.In a good _(marry),both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.75.The woman player will make her second public _(appear
47、)this Saturday.argumentmarriageappearance76.Can you tell me what the real reason for your _(absent)was?77.He made an _(apologize)to us for his _(rude)to us.78.She acted in the _(believe)that she was doing good.absenceapologyrudenessbelief79.Find a job and end your _(depend)on your parents.80.They we
48、re _(success)in winning the contract.81.He gave a _(humour)account of their trip to Tibet.dependencesuccessfulhumourous82.It can be _(benefit)to share your _(feel)with someone you trust.83.They exported corn and other _(agriculture)products to other countries.84.My friend was _(hunger),so we drove t
49、o a shopping mall to get some food.beneficialfeelingsagriculturalhungry85._(sugar)canned drinks rot your teeth.86.Noise has always been the most _(trouble)problem in prospecting earthquakes.87.He has two big round Chinese _(wood)tables.Sugarytroublesomewooden88.Ten-year-olds are incredibly _(energy)
50、.89.He has devoted all his whole life to _(science)research.90.He could not account for his _(fool)mistake.foolish energeticscientific91.There is no doubt that he is a _(rely)person.92.Here are a few _(value)tips that will help you keep fit.93.The government has taken _(effect)measures to lessen the
51、 risk of inflation.reliablevaluableeffective94.This movie is so _(impress)that we cant help crying.95.It is not _(surprise)that children learn to read at different rates.96.All children are fond of _(entertain)games and ideas as well as films.impressivesurprisingentertaining97.She was much _(delight
52、)at the news of her daughters wedding.98.In the neighbours opinion,she is a good wife and a _(devote)mother.99.The scheme has been set up to help the _(home).delighteddevotedhomeless100.I am too busy to listen to her _(end)complaints.101.She found it _(extreme)difficult to get a job.102.She is _(pos
53、sible)the most beautiful woman in the town.endlessextremelypossibly103.The performance _(true)excited the audience.104.Officials reacted _(anger)to those charges.105.Honours were _(automatic)awarded to senior officials just because they were senior.automatically trulyangrily106.She _(simply)the inst
54、ructions so that the children could understand them.107.They say travel _(broad)your minds and horizons.108.Tell them your _(high)and _(weigh)to see whether they can help.simplifiedbroadensheightweight109.Every day the newspapers tell stories of children _(world)who are abused.110.They have failed t
55、o _(modern)their factories.modernizeworldwide111.(2014广东卷)We got a little _ _(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；名词sunburn的形容词形式是sunburnt或sunburned。另外，get sunburnt/sunburned也可理解为被动语态，“被晒黑”。sunburnt/sunburned112.(2013广东卷)That would be a very _(reason)th
56、ing to do in a big city.在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填reasonable。113.(2013广东卷)But such a small thing couldnt _(possible)destroy a village.修饰动词destroy作状语要用副词，注意-ble结尾的形容词，其副词形式是-bly，故填possibly。reasonablepossibly114.(2011广东卷)He must be _(mental)disabled.修饰分词形容词，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。115.(2010广东卷)His teacher took a de
57、ep drink,smiled _(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。mentallywarmly116.(2008广东卷)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.在名词course前作定语,要用形容词,故填natural。117.(2007广东卷)We drank together and talked _(merry)till far into the night.修饰谓语动词talked,作状语,应用副词,故填merrily。naturalmerrilyTHANK YOU!