1、第九讲并列句和状语从句并列句常以连词为切入口进行考查，同时并列句中的时态呼应也是考查方式之一。状语从句的考查重点在时间、条件、让步、原因状语从句。命题趋势：1.高考命题的重点仍然是连词and, but, or；2状语从句的考查集中在时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句的引导词上。考点一并列连词I was glad to meet Jenny again，but I didnt want to spend all day with her.很高兴又见到珍妮了，但是我不想花一整天时间和她在一起。Dont turn off the computer before closing all prog
2、rams，or you could have problems.在关掉所有的程序之前不要关电脑，要不然你会遇到问题的。At school，some students are active while some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。He found it increasingly difficult to read for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。规律总结1表示并
3、列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。2表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but，yet(然而)，whereas(然而，但是)，while(然而)等。3表示因果关系的并列连词有for，so等。4表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or，eitheror，notbut，neithernor等。考点二祈使句and/or/otherwise句式Find ways to praise your children often，and youll find they will open their hearts to you.If you find ways to praise your children often，you
4、ll find they will open their hearts to you.经常想方设法表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。Hurry up or we will be late.If you dont hurry up，we will be late.快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。A few more efforts and you will succeed.If you make a few more efforts，you will succeed.再努力些，你会成功的。规律总结1祈使句and陈述句If，主句。2祈使句or/otherwise陈述句Ifnot，主句。考点三时
5、间状语从句1when，while，asWhen he knocked at the door，I was working at the table.他敲门时我正在桌子旁边工作。I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻去体验一下那样的生活。As speech develops，the child starts to string more words together.随着语言能力不断发展，孩子开始把更多的词连起来说。规律总结1when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作
6、同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。2从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。3从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边，(一边)”或“随着”。4如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when，while与as可互换使用。2when的特殊用法One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.一个星期五，我们正在收拾周末外出的行李，这时我的女儿听到求
7、救声。He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？规律总结1when意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：2when还可表原因，意为“既然”。3表示“刚就，一就”的常用句式I had hardly got to the office when my wif
8、e phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。规律总结1as soon
9、 as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no soonerthan，hardly/scarcelywhen和once(一就)上述从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。2no soonerthan，hardly/scarcelywhen的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒
10、装语序。4before与sinceIt will be three years before I graduate from college.三年后我才大学毕业。It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。It will not be long before you regret for what youve done.不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。As is reported，it is 100 years since Tsinghua University was fo
11、unded.据报道，清华大学成立已经有100年了。规律总结1before表示“还未就；不到就；趁；才；还没来得及就，在之前”。2It will be一段时间before“多久之后才”。3It wont be long before“不久之后就”。4It was一段时间before“过了多久才”。5It is一段时间since“自从多久了”。5表示“每次；下一次”的常用表达You dont have to go running upstairs every time she rings.用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。Next time you go shopping，buy a few extr
12、a fruits and vegetables.下次你去买东西时，多买点水果和蔬菜。The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。规律总结every time，each time，next time，the last time，any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。考点四地点状语从句A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.很
13、多高楼在以前只有废墟的地方拔地而起。Where(ver) theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里阳光和雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油的。规律总结1地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。考点五条件状语从句She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。You can borrow my car as
14、long as you promise not to drive too fast.只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？规律总结引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless(ifnot除非)，so/as long as(只要)
15、，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。 考点六让步状语从句While I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.尽管我一直觉得自己能通过考试，但是我从未想到会得A。Although regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼是很
16、重要的，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。Hot as the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.尽管晚间的空气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为走了那么长的路程后我们累坏了。He was so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.他很忙。即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。However hard you try，it is difficult to lose weig
17、ht without cutting down the amount you eat.无论你多么努力，如果不减少饮食，那么减肥是很难做到的。规律总结引导让步状语从句的连词1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)。2whetheror(不管还是)；疑问词ever(不管；无论)，如whatever，whoever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever等；no matter疑问词(不管；无论)。3as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序，though引导时则可用倒装语序或自然语序。4从属连词while，when也可以引
18、导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。考点七原因状语从句Since she was indoors，she had not been wearing a coat.由于她在室内，所以就没有穿外套。Now that you have grown up，you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。Considering that they are fresh from universities，theyve done a pretty impressive job.鉴于他们刚刚大学毕业，他们的工作已经相当出色了。规律总结引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：b
19、ecause，as，since(既然)，now that，seeing that，considering that(考虑到)。考点八方式状语从句The house was greatly damaged by the truck.Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。The old lady treat
20、s the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。规律总结引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。考点九结果状语从句He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.他如此有学问，以至于我们
21、非常钦佩他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all
22、the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。规律总结1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：sothat，suchthat。在非正式语体中，由sothat，suchthat引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：2当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/suchas to考点十目的状语从句When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以
23、便没人能认出他。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。规律总结引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)/lest等。1in order that，so that两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2fo
24、r fear that，in case (that)引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。.单句语法填空1(2017高考北京卷) If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _ you figure it out.2(2017高考北京卷) _ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are f
25、or other purposes.3(2017高考江苏卷) Located _ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.4(2017高考北京卷改编)Peter, please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.5(2016高考全国新课标卷) In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures o
26、f China, Japan, Korea, _Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.6(2016高考全国新课标卷) Over time, _ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.7(2016高考浙江卷) _ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.8(2016高考北京
27、卷改编)I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and I love today.9If you miss the chance, it may be years _ you get another one.10_ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.【答案】1.until2.Although/Though/While3.where4so5.and6.as/when7.Although/Though/While8.for9
28、.before10.Once.单句改错1(2018高考全国新课标卷) At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed._2(2017高考全国新课标卷) Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank._3(2017高考全国新课标卷) I had g
29、rown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years._4There is only one more day to go until your favorite music group play live._5Send an email to your boss as well as your parents, they will get worried about you._【答案】1.butand2.sobut/yet3.andbut4.untilbefore5.在they前加or/otherwise.语法填空
30、AMy classmate Michael studied very hard after he went to senior school.Every day he worked 1._ everyone left the classroom.He said he wouldnt stop trying 2._ he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 3._ he tried，he made little progress，but he didnt lose heart at all 4._ he believed as long as he
31、 persisted he would succeed one day.5._ time went by，he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Guangzhou at last.We had a gettogether party 6._ we started our new life in university.7._ everyone had got offers from universities，we had a very good time.When we stood 8
32、._ we used to play and study，we couldnt help thinking of our happy old days.We believed we would never forget each other，9._ we would go or whatever we would do.Before we departed，10._ we seemed a little sadder than before，we still fought back the tears.【答案】1.until2.unless3.as4.because5.As6before7.S
33、ince8.where9.wherever10although/thoughBIt was already late when we started for the next town，1._，according to the map，was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hill.There we felt sure 2._ we would find a bed for the night.Soon darkness fell after we left the village，but luckily we met no
34、 one 3._ we drove fast along the narrow road which led to the hill.As our car climbed 4._ (high)，it became colder and the rain began to fall，making 5._ difficult to see the road.After we had traveled for about twenty miles，there was still no sign of the town 6._ was poorly marked on the map.We were
35、beginning to get anxious 7._ the car suddenly stopped.A quick examination showed that we had used up the gas.8._ we had little food left，we decided to spend the night in the car.With our meals finished，I tried to go to sleep at once，but John，9._ was a poor sleeper，got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk up the hill.Soon he found，in the valley below，the lights of the town 10._ we were looking for.We at once pushed the car to the top of the hill.In less than a quarter of an hour，we were in the town.【答案】1.which2.that3.when4.higher5.it6which7.when8.Although9.who10.which/that