1、专题三代词和介词考点一代词一、人称代词数、格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheherititHe would drown his sadness in coffee.他会借咖啡来浇愁。Thank you for your letter.谢谢你的来信。I bought a present for him.我给他买了件礼物。二、物主代词词义类别我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyoursthei
2、rsIs this your seat，sir?这是你的座位吗，先生？The government has changed its policy.政府已经改变了政策。This is not my dictionary.Mine is lent to Lucy.这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。This camera is mine and that is yours.这部照相机是我的，那部是你的。Every person showed his ticket，and I showed mine too.每个人都出示了票，我也出示了我的。三、反身代词人称数 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfy
3、ourselfhimself，herself，itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的基本用法四、不定代词1both，all，either，any，neither，none的区别词义指代都任何一个都不两个人或物botheitherneither三个或三个以上的人或物；不可数名词allanynone(2016四川高考)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.在工业化国家，现在男性和女性都会活得更长。2one，another，the other
4、，some，others，the others的区别单数one一个another另外一个the other另一个复数some一些others一些the others其余I have two books；one is English，and is French.我有两本书；一本是英语书，一本是法语书。There are many books on the table：some are English；the others are French.桌子上有很多书：一些是英语书，剩下的是法语书。3none，nobody/no one，nothing的区别none指代人或物用来回答How many/Ho
5、w much.？相当于not a/an/any名词或no名词nobody (no one)指代人用来回答Who.？相当于not anyone；not anybodynothing指代物用来回答What.？相当于not anythingHow much money do you have?None.你有多少钱？一点也没有。If I had some money，I would lend him some，but unfortunately，I have none.(nonenot any money)如果我有钱的话，我就借给他了，但遗憾的是，我没钱。I wished someone could
6、help me，but there was no one at the moment.(no onenot anyone)我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。4many，much，few，little，a few，a little的区别词义指代多少复数名词manyfew不可数名词muchlittle词义指代(有)一些几乎没有复数名词a fewfew不可数名词a littlelittle注意：only a fewfew；only a littlelittle；quite a fewmany；quite a littlemuch。(2016浙江高考)A scientist working at h
7、er lab bench and a sixmonthold baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.一位在她的实验台工作的科学家和一个六个月大的玩弄食物的孩子似乎没有共同之处。5one，ones，the one，the ones，that，those的区别one替代a/an单数名词ones替代零冠词复数名词the one替代the单数名词the ones替代the复数名词that替代the单数名词或不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)those替代the复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)We have variou
8、s summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one (a summer camp)based on your own interests.我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营，您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。(one代替“a/an单数名词”)考点二介词一、介词1表示方位的at，in，on，to，beside/by和near介词用法at一般指在较小的地方in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域to表示某范围外不接壤的两位置beside/by“在的旁边”near“接近；靠近”I met him at th
9、e shop.Shandong Province lies in the east of China.The picture is hanging on the wall.Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.She was standing beside her mother.There is a supermarket near my home.2表示方位的between 和among介词用法between在两者或每两者之间among在三者或三者以上之间I sat down between Sue and Jane.T
10、he teacher was standing among the students.3表示方位的across，through，over和past介词用法across从的表面穿过through从的内部穿过over从的上面跨过past从的旁边经过He walked across the square to meet us.The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.4表示时间点的at，in和on介词用法示例at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at 9：00；at noon；at daybreak；at Christmasin表示在某个较长的时间内，
11、如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚in the 21st century；in September；in the morningon表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上on 2nd，September；on the morning of 1st，May5.表示时间段的for和 since介词用法for“for时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语since“since时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语He has lived in the small village for five years.He h
12、as worked in this company since graduation.6表示交通方式的by，in和on介词用法by“by名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词in/onin/on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰My brother usually goes to school by bike.My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle.7表示“用”的by，in和with介词用法by指“靠手段，用方法，凭借”，后可接名词、代词或动名词in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前with多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前He m
13、ade a living by selling newspapers when he was young.All the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink.They are busy digging with spades.8表示“除外”的except，except for 和besides介词用法except表示“除之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除except for其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的besides表示“除之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的All my frien
14、ds took part in the party except John.His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.He has learned German，French besides English.9其他常考介词的用法(1)against的用法(表示态度)反对An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.(表示对比)以为背景The skiers red cloth
15、es stood out clearly against the snow.(表示方位)倚靠着The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.(2)beyond的用法(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.(表示时间)晚于He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.(表示程度)超出，非所能及To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is
16、 beyond expression in words for me.(3)over的用法(表示方位)越过The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.(表示等级或数目)高于，在之上，超过He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.(表示时间或过程)在期间Im sorry I didnt phone you，but Ive been very busy over the pas
17、t couple of weeks.(4)to的用法(表示方向、距离)到，向，去It was on the way to the railway station.(表示时间)直到为止，到He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.(表示比较、比例、参照)与相比，相对于而言I prefer oranges to apples.(表示对象关系)属于，对，给The hospital is attached to the university.达到(某一点或某个限度)Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.(
18、5)under的用法在下面，在之下She placed the ladder under the window.在过程中The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.(数字、数量、年龄或价格)低于，少于，在以下These toys are not suitable for children under five.受影响Shes been under a lot of pressure at work.(6)with的用法和一起，和，同，跟Would you like to go shopping with m
19、e?(表示同时或同一方向)随着With time going by，the little tree has grown up.具有，带有The dictionary is what I want，but I dont have enough money with me.由于，因为He trembled with fear.(表示方式)用He cut it with a knife.二、介词短语介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。(2016四川高考)The common cold is a good example：women，on average，get fe
20、wer colds than men.普通感冒就是一个很好的例子：平均来说，女士比男士更少感冒。常考介词短语1介词与名词的常用搭配(1)atn.表示状态at a loss不知所措at breakfast早餐时at peace处于和平中at rest静止，不动at sea在海上，在航海at war在战争中(2)atn.表示时间at Christmas在圣诞节at dusk在黄昏at dawn在黎明at daybreak在拂晓at midnight在午夜at night在夜里at noon在正午at present目前(3)以at开头组成的短语at the beginning of在的开始at t
21、he cost of以的代价at the end of在的尽头at the foot of在脚下(4)onn.表示状态on line在工作(或运行)on sale出售，打折on show在展出on the decrease在减少on the go在忙碌中on the increase在增加on the way在途中on trial在受审(5)以on开头的介词短语on account of因为on behalf of代表on condition that在的条件下，如果on no account/condition/occasion决不on the basis of以为基础on the occa
22、sion of在时(6)byn.表示方式by accident偶然by air/plane乘飞机by chance偶然by coincidence碰巧by force用暴力by hand用手工by mistake错误地by the day按天算by nature天生地by radio通过收音机(7)inn.表示方式in cash用现金付款in width在宽度上in depth在深度上in detail详细地in English用英语in height在海拔上in length在长度上in ink用墨水in shape在外形上in size在大小上(8)inn.表示状态in anger生气地i
23、n battle在战斗中in bed在床上in comfort舒适地in danger处于危险中in debt负债in delight高兴地in despair绝望in need需要in order按次序的；井然有序in peace平静地，平安地in practice在实践中in print已出版in prison在狱中in public公开地in rags穿着破烂in ruins成为废墟in secret秘密地(9)以in开头构成的介词短语in the face of面对in addition to另外in need of需要in no case决不in no time立刻in no way
24、决不in respect of关于in response to作为回应in return作为回报in spite of尽管(10)ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit有益处的of help有帮助的of importance重要的of interest有趣的of significance有意义的of use有用的(11)out ofn.表示状态out of danger脱离危险out of date过期out of debt不欠债out of fashion不流行out of luck不走运out of mind发狂out of office在野out of order出故障
25、out of patience不耐烦out of season过季out of shape走样，不成形out of sight看不到out of trouble摆脱困难out of work失业(12)undern.表示被动under attack遭到袭击under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中under way在进行中(13)以under开头的短语under the care of.在的看护下under the command of.在的统帅之下under the control of.
26、在控制下under the direction of.在指导下(14)withn.表示情绪with anger生气地with confidence有信心地with courage英勇地with delight/joy高兴地with difficulty困难地with fear害怕地with interest有兴趣地with pleasure乐意地with pride骄傲地with satisfaction满意地(15)beyondn.表示“超出，难以”beyond compare无与伦比beyond comprehension难以理解beyond control失控beyond descrip
27、tion难以描述beyond doubt不用怀疑，确实beyond expression难以表达beyond measure非常；极其2形容词与介词的常用搭配(1)adj.aboutbe anxious about忧虑be careful about小心be concerned about担心be curious about对好奇be excited about对感到兴奋(2)adj.atbe angry at恼怒于be astonished at对吃惊be bad at不擅长be delighted at因而高兴(3)adj.inbe absorbed in专注于be active in积极
28、于be confident in对有信心be diligent in勤于be dressed in穿着be engaged in忙于be excellent in在方面优秀be experienced in在方面有经验(4)adj.forbe anxious for急切盼望，渴望be eager for渴望be famous for以著名be fit for适合，胜任be good for对有益(5)adj.frombe absent from缺席be different from不同于be far from远离be free from不受影响be safe from免受的伤害(6)adj.t
29、obe blind to对是盲目的be close to接近be contrary to与相反be deaf to不愿意听be devoted to致力于be equal to等于be fair to对公平be familiar to被所熟悉be friendly to对友好be good to对好be grateful to对心存感激be harmful to对有危害(7)adj.ofbe afraid of害怕be ashamed of为感到羞耻be aware of意识到be capable of能够be composed of由组成(8)adj.withby angry with(sb
30、.)对(某人)发怒be busy with忙于be combined with与结合be concerned with与有关；涉及，关心，关注be connected with与有关核心考点针对练.单句语法填空1(2017东营一模) is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.2(2017青岛一模)My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom w
31、hen the two men jumped down，one on each side of (I)3(2017资阳一诊) wasnt until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.4(2017汕头二模)This is 18yearold Musa Bockaries story about how first aid saved (he) life.5(2017青岛检测)In the winter of 1891，a certain college was having some trouble with (
32、it)boy students.6(2017济南模拟)When he was 30，back in 1953，he was working a research assistant in the university. 【导学号：11470166】7(2017资阳一诊)“Speed up.70 kph isnt fast enough.You are holding up traffic，”ordered another voice from the seat next me.8(2017青岛模拟)The game was played two teams.9(2017河南中原名校模拟)I s
33、at on the side of the stage， my script open on a music stand in front of me.10(2017安庆模拟)Even though our eyes are closed，they move rapidly from side side.【答案】1It句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，有比较贫困的社会经济背景的年轻人往往会表现不佳。it作形式主语，“that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our edu
34、cation system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。2me句意：我的双脚刚接触到沙质底部，这时那两个人就跳了下来，我左右两侧各有一个人。介词后需用代词宾格形式，故答案为me。3It句意：直到两天前父亲才允许我驾车上高速公路。“It is/was not until.that.”为“not.until.”句型的强调句形式。4his句意：这是关于急救如何挽救了18岁的Musa Bockarie生命的故事。设空处需用形容词性物主代词作名词life的定语。5its句意：在1891年冬季，某所大学在处理该校男生问题方面出现了困难。设空处用its相当于the colleges。6as句意：早在1953年
35、，当时他30岁，他在那所大学里当了一名研究助理。work as从事工作。7to句意：“加快速度。每小时70千米还不够快。你正在造成交通阻塞。”从我旁边座位那里发出的另一个声音命令道。next to意为“挨着”。8between句意：比赛在两支队伍间进行。between两者之间。9with句意：我坐在舞台的一侧，我的剧本打开着，放在我前面的乐谱架上。with的复合结构作状语。10to句意：尽管我们眼睛紧闭，但它们(眼球)从一侧到另一侧迅速转动。from.to.为固定搭配，意为“从到”。.单句改错1(2017龙岩3月质检)I was so stubborn that I wouldnt say s
36、orry to him，believing he had done nothing wrong. 2(2017焦作一模)When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge and expressed us appreciation for their hard work，they looked a little surprised at first. 3(2017湖北七市3月联考)Our parents check our bags to make it sure were not getting into trouble. 4(2017邯郸一模)On t
37、he first day，we got up early to attend to the flagraising ceremony. 5(2017中原名校联盟4月仿真)Today，she lives thousands of miles away from me，but she sometimes emails with me about the books she is reading. 【答案】1heI句意：我如此固执以至于我相信我做的没有错，不愿意向他道歉。根据上下文逻辑可知需将he改为I。 2usour句意：当我们将热粥递给清洁工并表达我们对他们的艰苦工作的感激时，他们一开始显得有点
38、惊奇。名词appreciation前需用形容词性物主代词，故将us改为our。 3去掉it句意：我们的父母检查我们的书包以确保我们不会遇到麻烦。make sure为固定短语，不必在make和sure之间加it。 4去掉第二个to句意：第一天我们很早地起床以便参加升旗仪式。attend作“出席”讲时为及物动词，不必与介词to连用。 5去掉with句意：现在她生活在离我几千英里之外，但是她有时候会给我发电子邮件谈论她正读的图书。email作动词时，为及物动词，不必与介词with连用。 高考题型综合练.语法填空George Washington was the first President of
39、the United States of America.His first term 1 president was from 1789 to 1793 and his second term from 1793 to 1797. 2 he became president，he played important roles in the army， 3 (lead)the American Continental Army to victory over the British in 1783.Washington is often seen as the father of the Un
40、ited States and is probably the best 4 (know)American politician ever.The likeness and the name of George Washington can still be seen in many places.There is the portrait of 5 (he)and three other American presidents carved into Mount Rushmore National Memorial.His image is also used on 6 onedollar
41、bill and the quarterdollar coin.At least three universities 7 (name)after him.Washingtons Birthday was first celebrated as a holiday in Columbia in 1880.It was made a federal holiday in 1885.The holiday was 8 (original)held on the anniversary of Washingtons birth，on February 22.In 1971，this holiday
42、was moved to the 9 (three)Monday in February.This holiday is legally designated as “Washingtons Birthday”Though other institutions such as local governments and private 10 (business)may use other names，it is the federal governments policy to always refer to holidays by the names designated in the la
43、w.【语篇解读】乔治华盛顿是美国历史上第一位总统，也是刻入拉什莫尔山国家纪念公园的四位伟大总统之一。美国人民非常崇拜华盛顿，将他的诞辰纪念日定于二月份的第三个星期一。1as考查介词。根据上下文语境分析，此处表示作为总统的第一个任期是从1789年到1793年，第二个任期是从1793年到1797年。as“当作，作为”。2Before考查连词。根据语境可分析，他在当总统之前，在军队中起着重要作用。故需填入从属连词before。3leading考查非谓语动词。此处表示他在军中担任要职，他领导的美国大陆军于1783年战胜英军。主语he与动词lead之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。4known
44、考查形容词。由语境和句式结构分析，空格处缺少形容词，表示“知名的”。结合提示词可知应填known。此处表示华盛顿通常被看作美国之父，他也可能是美国最著名的政治家。5him考查代词。根据语境分析，介词of缺少宾语，且此处指代华盛顿，故用him。6the考查冠词。由下文的“the quarterdollar coin”可判断，此处为特指，即特指华盛顿的头像印在the onedollar bill上。7are named考查动词时态、语态。本段的主体时态为一般现在时，且此处没有明确的表示其他时态的时间状语，由此可分析，此处应用一般现在时，而句中的主语“three universities”与动词na
45、me之间存在动宾关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，即are named。8originally考查词形转换。根据句子结构分析，此处的一般过去时的被动语态was held缺少副词修饰，故该填入形容词original的副词形式，即originally。9third考查序数词。根据语境和上文的定冠词the可判断出，此处该填入基数词three的序数词，即third。在1971年，这一节日被移到了二月的第三个星期一。10businesses考查名词单复数。根据文中的关键信息“other institutions.local governments”可判断出，此处应用名词的复数形式businesses，表
46、示多家私人企业。 【导学号：11470167】.短文改错 Dear Li Hua，Thank you for trusting me and told me your anxiety and puzzle before taking exams.Actually，its a common experience for students in Senior 3.Please take thing easy and the following tips might be helpful.First，talking to friends that you trust might make yours
47、elf feel better.You may find that you had similar feelings.Another effectively way to relax is to do sports regularly，which may benefit for you both physically and mentally.If you do so，you will full of energy when studying.Besides，after class，you can go out of the classroom to have a walk or listen
48、 to some music to get refreshing.At last，remind yourself now or then that you can make it when you feel discouraged.I believe you can achieve your dream with your hard works!Yours， Zhang Ming【答案】Dear Li Hua，Thank you for trusting me and me your anxiety and puzzle before taking exams.Actually，its a c
49、ommon experience for students in Senior 3.Please take easy and the following tips might be helpful.First，talking to friends that you trust might make feel better.You may find that you similar feelings.Another way to relax is to do sports regularly，which may benefit you both physically and mentally.If you do so，you will full of energy when studying.Besides，after class，you can go out of the classroom to have a walk or listen to some music to get .At last，remind yourself now then that you can make it when you feel discouraged.I believe you can achieve your dream with your hard ！Yours， Zhang Ming