1、广西临桂县2016高考英语【二轮】阅读理解精编（1）及答案 （附讲解）高考英语阅读理解考前精讲精练（答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力 (细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力 (词义猜测题) ； 3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力 (主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力 (推理判断题)。一、细节理解题. 细节理解题一般可分为：直接信息题、间接信息题和信息综合题。1. 直接信息题：先看题干，以便在阅读的过程中更快找出相关事实细节。2. 间接信息题：需结合上下文提供
2、的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。3. 信息综合题：涉及文章中的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。. 正确答案的特点：与原文信息表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。. 干扰项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3. 与原文信息极为相似，只是在程度上有些不同；4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。【真题回放一】How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, o
3、f course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his real
4、ly good plows.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解A篇）42. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright .A. praised his plows in public B. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing to the shop D. showed his products to the customers42. B。这是一道直接信息题。该段摘自原文第四段，根据该段中的First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outsi
5、de the shop to attract customers可知，为了推销自己的犁，Mr. Plowright在商店外面放了一个牌子。【真题回放二】In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounds rea
6、sonable, but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解D篇）56. According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writers problem as a new teacher?A. She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.B. She didnt as
7、k experienced teachers for advice.C. She took too much time off to eat and sleep.D. She didnt like teaching English literature.56. A。这是一道间接信息题。该段摘自原文第四段的部分内容，根据So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention可知，作者特别相信从书本上学到
8、的东西，这种盲目的相信让她在实际教学中遇到了困难。二、词义猜测题. 利用同义词或近义词来猜测词义。 有时，为了避免重复，作者会运用不同的词来表述同一意思。此时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，此时可以从该熟悉的词语或结构中推知生词的含义。这种情况下，通常在生词和与其同义或近义的词或短语之间有表并列关系的词and或or等。. 利用反义词或句子中的转折关系猜测词义。反义词同样能够帮助我们理解生词的含义，像although，but，while，however，otherwise，on the other hand等词或词组通常是反义词线索的标志。. 根据定义和解释猜测词义。有些文章中尽管出现了生词，
9、但作者可能会以某种方式对该生词进行解释，如利用means，or，that is to say，that is，in other words，namely等释义性词或短语来进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等来解释。. 利用举例说明猜测词义。有时，有些生词没有给出直接的解释，而是在其后举了一些相关的例子进行说明。我们可以对这些例子进行归纳，即使不能完全猜测出生词的确切含义，也能猜测出其大致意思。常见的表示举例说明的词和短语有：like，for example，for instance，such as，such . as等。. 利用上下文语境猜测词义。猜测任何一个生词或短语的含义
10、都离不开上下文的语境，此时就要求我们通过上下文来对该生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。. 利用词义搭配猜测词义。句子中的某个单词总是和其它的词或短语相关联，我们可以通过这些前后关联的词或短语来猜测该生词的含义。. 利用因果关系猜测词义。有时，我们可以结合上下文利用因果关系来进行推断，可以是根据原因推测结果，也可以是根据结果推测原因。通常用于表示因果关系的词和短语有：because，as，since，for，so，thus， as a result，therefore，so/such . that等。. 利用类属关系猜测词义。有时，文中出现的生词可能与其他几个我们熟悉的词语同属于一个类别，此时可以利
11、用这种类属关系推测出生词的意思。. 利用生活经验和社会常识猜测词义。有不少生词可以根据生活经验或社会常识进行推理、分析从而猜测出词义。比如了解一些西方国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及社会制度等，可以帮助我们加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就增强了。. 利用构词法猜测词义。构词法以派生和合成为主，如：前缀、后缀和词根，或是复合词。了解构词法并记住一些派生词词缀，可以帮助我们扩充词汇量，也可猜测出不少生词的词义。【真题回放】And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate c
12、hange, and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.（浙江卷，2012年阅读理解A）42. The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to .A. criminalB. judge C. victim D. producer42. A。rising temperatures are having harmful effe
13、cts on at least five species of rabbit in the US中rising temperatures与climate change有关，再根据having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit可知，上升的温度对五种兔子有不良影响，由此可知，气候变化是引起问题的事物，与criminal (罪犯) 意思相近。 三、推理判断题推理判断题考查的是对文章的深层理解和挖掘，往往针对作者的倾向、观点、目的，人物的情感、态度以及故事的结局，文章的体裁或者出处来设题考查。题干中往往含有推理判断题的标志性词语：le
14、arn, infer, suggest, imply, conclude等。【备考策略】1. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。2. 要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。3. 要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆断，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。【真题回放】“You had nothing to say to them,” he repeated
15、. “No wonder theyre bored. Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism. Talk with them, not at them. And more important, why do you ignore their bad behavior?” We talked. He named my problems and offered solutions. We role-played. He was the bad student, and I was the
16、forceful, yet, warm, teacher.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解D篇）59. The students behaved badly in the writers classes because .A. they were eager to embarrass herB. she didnt really understand themC. they didnt regard her as a good teacherD. she didnt have a good command of English59. B。这段选自原文的倒数第三段。这段字里行间流露出来的意思是作者之前
17、只是停留在教学形式上，很少和学生交流，从而得知作者之前不懂学生。四、主旨大意题主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段或某几段的内容加以合理的归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一或某几个段落的理解概括能力。它可以是文章或段落中心的陈述，也可以是文章标题的选择。有些文章尤其是说明文和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想。但有些文章，比如记叙文往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在认真体会，明确作者的意图的基础上来概括文章的中心。【备考策略】1. 注意主题段落和主题句的位置，特别是文章首段和结尾或段首和段尾；2. 注意提炼文章的关键词，文章的关键词有时候会出现在正确选项中。【干扰项特点】1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐
18、述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。3. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。 4. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。【真题回放】A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with sy
19、mbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attentionA crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps eas
20、ily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the
21、 crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解A篇）45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about .A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertisi
22、ngC. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertising45. C。这两段就是文章的最后两段。这两段介绍了除了signs with symbols，当时人们还用sound的方式来做广告，所以这两段的主要内容是各种各样的广告形式。阅读理解 It was Saturday. As always, it was a busy one, for “Six days shall you labor and do all your work” was taken seriously back then. Outside,
23、Father and Mr. Patrick next door were busy chopping firewood. Inside their own houses, Mother and Mrs. Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning. Somehow the boys had slipped away to the back lot with their kites. Now, even at the risk of having Brother caught to beat carpets , they had sent him to th
24、e kitchen for string(线). It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites would fly today. My mother looked at the sitting room, its furniture disordered for a thorough sweeping, A gun she cast a look toward the window. “Come on, girls! Lets take string to the boys and watch them On the wa
25、y we met Mrs. Patrick, laughing guiltily as if she were doing something wrong, together with her girls. There never was such a day for flying kited! We played all our fresh string into the boys kites and they went up higher and higher .We could hardly distinguish the orange-colored spots of the kite
26、s. Now and then we slowly pulled one kite back, watching it dancing up and down it the wind, and finally bringing it down to earth, just for the joy of sending it up again. Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all
27、 beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. “Perhaps its like this in the kingdom of heaven,” I thought confusedly. It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to house. I suppose we had some sort of supper.
28、I suppose there must have been a surface tidying-up, for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough. The strange thing was, we didnt mention that day afterward. I felt a little embarrassed .Surely none of the others had been as excited as I. I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me
29、 where we keep “the things that cannot be and yet they are.” The years went on, then one day I was hurrying about my kitchen in a city apartment, trying to get some work out of the way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to “go park ,see duck.” “I cant go!” I said. “I have this and
30、this to do, and when Im through Ill be too tired to walk that for.” My mother , who was visiting us , looked up from the peas she was shelling ,“Its a wonderful day,” she offered，“Really warm , yet theres a fine breezy . Do you remember that day we flew kites?” I stopped in my dash between stove and
31、 sink. The looked door flew open and with it a rush of memories. “Come on.” I told my little girl. “Youre right, its too good a day to miss.”Another decade passed. We were in the aftermath (余波)of a great war. Allevening we had been asking our returned soldier, the youngest Patrick Boy, about his exp
32、eriences as a prisoner of war. He had talked freely, but now for a long time he had been silent. What was he thinking of what dark and horrible things? “Say!” A smile slipped out from his lips. “Do you remember - no, of course you wouldnt. It probably didnt make the impression on you as it did on me
33、.” I hardly dared speak. “Remember what?” “I used to think of that day a lot in POW camp(战俘营), when things werent too good. Do you remember the day we flew the kites?”( ) 1. Mrs. Patrick was laughing guiltily because she thought .A. she was too old to fly kites B. her husband would make fun of herC.
34、 she should have been doing her housework thenD. her girls werent supposed to play the boys game( ) 2. By” we were all beside ourselves”, the writer means that they all . A. felt confused B. went wild with joy C. looked on D. forgot their fights ( ) 3. What did the writer think after the kite-flying
35、?A. The boys must have had more fun than the girls.B. They should have finished their work before playing.C. Her parents should spend more time with them.D. All the others must have forgotten that day.( ) 4. Why did the writer finally agree to take her little girl for an outing?A. She suddenly remem
36、bered her duty as a mother.B. She was reminded of the day they flew kites.C. She had finished her work in the kitchen.D. She thought it was a great day to play outside.( ) 5. The youngest Patrick Boy is mentioned to show that _ .A. the writer was not alone in treasuring her fond memoriesB. his exper
37、ience in POW camp threw a shadow over his lifeC. childhood friendship means so much to the writerD. people like him really changed a lot after the war【文章大意】本文通过回顾儿时放风筝的经历，讲述了童年的美好回忆对成年生活的深刻影响。1.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段Mrs. Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning.可知，Mrs. Patrick原本该作家务，结果去放风筝了。放完风筝以后，内疚的
38、笑然后去家务了。25、BDBA阅读理解 Home stay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home. What to ExpectThe host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a we
39、ek. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.Accommodation ZonesHome stays are located in London mainly in Zones2,3 and of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much o
40、f central London is commercial and not residential(居住的). Zones3 and 4often offer larger accommodation in a less crowned area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.Meal Plans Available Continental Breakfast Breakfast and Dinner Breakfast, Packed Lunch and DinnerIts important to no
41、te that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal（谷物类食品），bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normallypart of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners
42、usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by desert, fruit and coffee.FriendsIf you wish to invite a friend over to visit. You must first ask your hosts permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.Self-Ca
43、tering Accommodation in Private HomesAccommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student. However, it does not provide the same famil
44、y atmosphere as an ordinary home stay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.( ) 1.The passage is probably written for _. A. host willing to receive foreign studentsB. foreigners hoping to build British cultureC. travellers planning to visit families in LondonD.
45、 English learners applying to like in English homes( ) 2. Which of the following will the host provide?A. Room cleaning.B. Medical care.C. Free transport.D. Physical training.( ) 3.What can be inferred from Paragraph3?A. Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.B. The business centre of London is in Zone.
46、C. Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.D. Zone 2 is more crowded than Zone 4.( ) 4. According to the passage. What does continental Breakfast include?A. Dessert and coffeeB. Fruit and vegetables.C. bread and fruit juice D. Centre and cold meat.( ) 5. Why do some people choose self-catering a
47、ccommodation?A. To experience a warmer family atmosphere.B. To enrich their knowledge of English.C. To entertain friends as they like.D. To enjoy much more freedom.【文章大意】应用文，文章介绍了到英国家庭寄宿学习英语交流语言。36.D主旨大意题。本文介绍英语学习者在英语家庭寄宿学习英语。选D。37.A细节理解题。定位关键词the host provide 。由The host will provide accommodation a
48、nd meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.可以得出答案。38.B细节退推理题。根据Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的).可知大多数寄宿家庭都生活在伦敦的商业区。可知商业区在伦敦的寄宿家庭区了。39.C细节理解题。定位关键词Breakfast include 。由Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal（谷物类食品），bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally可知答案。40.D细节理解题。由最后一段This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestule and is more suitable for the long-stay student.可知答案。