1、第二部分语法专题专题一专题十五专题四代词1(2016浙江卷)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.2(2015重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September,but _ knows the date for sure.3(2015四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas,but _ is useful to my knowledge.4(2015天津卷)The quality of education in
2、this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.5(2015陕西卷)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _.6(2015浙江卷)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking
3、you?7(2014重庆卷)A smile costs _，but gives much.8(2014福建卷)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in _，knives and forks.9(2014大纲全国卷)Whos that at the door?_ is the milkman.10(2014山东卷)Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.答案与解析1that 句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很
4、大差异。考查替代词。首先将原句改为：In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from the_education_ system in the UK.然后考虑用 that 代替特指的单数名词。2nobody 句意：会议将在 9 月份召开，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据题干中的 but 可知此处应该用表示否定意义的nobody。3none 句意：Niki 总是会有很多想法，但是就我所知没有一个想法是有用的。本题考查代词。none(三者或三者以上)都不，都没。4that 句意：这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的
5、学校的(教育质量)好。本句需用 that 替代前面的 the quality of education，以避免重复。5other 句意：为了使自己暖和，那个水手坐在炉火前面赤着脚互相摩擦。the other 两者中的另一个。6it 句意：如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目，而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关上，你觉得怎样？表示“喜欢、热爱、憎恨”的动词后常加 it 再加 that、if 或 when 引导的从句。7nothing/little 句意：微笑不会损失什么，但是却能给予很多。根据题干中的 but 可推知设空处应为表示否定的代词，故答案为 nothing 或 little。8others 句
6、意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。some.others.表示“一些，另一些”。9It 句意：门口的那个人是谁？是送牛奶的人。考查代词用法。it 可用于明确身份，指某人。10it 句意：苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己开始一种新生活。句中 that she wished to make.是真正的宾语，空格处应为形式宾语，故用 it。一、不定代词1something,anything,nothing 用法比较something(1)一般用于肯定句，表示“某事，某物”；被认为是重要的或值得注意的事；(2)也可用于疑问句，表示请求、邀请、征询意见等。anything(1
7、)表示“任何东西，任何事物”，一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句；(2)也可用于肯定句，当“任何事情”讲；(3)anything but 根本不。nothing表示“没有什么，没有一件东西”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义。True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.真正的创造力是一种利用现成的东西并从中创作出新的东西的能力。While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had w
8、ith the villagers without asking for anything in return.在村子里待的那段时间，詹姆斯无私地同村民分享他所拥有的一切，而不要任何东西作为回报。2none,nothing,no one/nobody 的用法比较nonenone 既指人也指物，后面可接 of 短语，一般用来回答 how many,how much 和which 的提问。nothingnothing 只指事物，后面不能接of 短语，用来回答 what 的提问。no one/nobodyno one 和 nobody 只指人不指物，其后不接 of 短语，一般回答 who 的提问。H
9、ow much bread is there?_.I wish you could offer me some.还有多少面包？一点也没有了。我希望你能给我一些。What have you been doing today?Oh,_ special,just hanging around.今天你都干了什么？哦，没有什么特别的，只是闲逛。3the other,other,another,others 的用法比较the otherthe other 可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词，表示“另外的”。otherother 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。another可
10、单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外 another 后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”。others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与 some 一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用 the others。Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。The microblog has become _ cla
11、ssroom for me,and the teachers are all big names in academia.微博已成为我的第二课堂，这里的老师们都是学术界的大师级人物。Understanding how _ feel can be a challenge for kids.明白别人的想法对于孩子们来说也可能是一个难题。4it,that,one 的用法比较it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。I cant find my hat.I dont know where I put it.thatthat 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the单数/不可数名词
12、。The basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model.The scenery in the southern moutains is quite different from that of the city in the north.one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为 ones。Weve been looking for a cheap house but havent found one yet.The book on the desk is better than the
13、one(the book)under the desk.5.both,all,either,any,neither,none 的用法都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynoneWould you like tea or coffee?你要喝茶还是咖啡？_，thanks.都不要，谢谢。We _ got tired of each other.我们两个都相互厌倦。答案：2.None nothing3another;others5Neither both二、指示代词的用法1this,these,that,those 的用法this 与 these 往往指时间或空
14、间较近的人或物；that 与those 指时间或空间较远的人或物。Is there any way of solving these problems?有什么解决这些问题的方法吗？2such,so 的用法(1)such 指如前所述的这样的人或物。Such is Cao Mao Sister,a diligent farmer with great passions in music.这就是草帽姐，一个勤劳同时又对音乐有很大热情的农民。(2)so 作指示代词时，代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，一般用在 believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess,hope
15、 等后面，如 I think so./I dont think so.。Is he coming tonight?他今晚来吗？I think so./I dont think so.我想是的。/我认为他不来。三、it 的用法it 作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词-ing 形式、名词性从句。He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.Its no use complaining without taking action.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接 it，构成固定结构，这类动词有 enjoy,pr
16、efer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate 等。A lovely day,isnt it?Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk？when it comes to.当提及到When it comes to saving energy,big changes start with small steps,like turning off the lights.make it 成功；确定时间为(后接时间类名词)；as it is 事实上；照原样；get it 明白了
17、；take it for granted that.认为是理所当然的Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.在空白处填入适当的代词1I hate _ when the weather is foggy.2When _ comes to playing football,Mike came to life.3My uncle made _ to the station before the train pulled out.4I feel _ my duty to look after m
18、y sick mother.5The students are doing a thorough cleaning.Some are cleaning the windows._ are sweeping the floor.6You must see to _ that the machine functions well.7You can make it on Saturday or Sunday._ is OK to me.8There are two shirts on the shelf but _ fits me well.9I want to drink some water b
19、ut _ is left in the bottle.10_ of his parents are fond of modern art and they often go to see the works on show.11I want a pen,_ that writes well.12The weather in my hometown is warmer than _ in this town.13The apples on the tree are bigger than _ in the basket.14Alices voice cant be any worse.She i
20、s _ but a singer.15_ is difficult if you put your heart into it.16_ for the party is ready,so you neednt be worried about it.17If _ asks for me,tell them to wait outside.18I dont like this sweater.Could you show me _ one?19He is a kind-hearted man and he likes helping _.20On _ side of the road,there
21、 are tall green trees.答案1it 2.it 3.it 4.it 5.Others 6.it7Either 8.neither 9.none 10.Both 11.one12that 13.those 14.anything 15.Nothing16Everything 17.anyone 18.another 19.others20each.单句改错1Generally speaking,the cost of living in a big city is higher than it in a town._2When looking back,I found unex
22、pectedly that neither has ever left.All are here,watching me in silence._3Jennie was asked a lot of questions,and to the interviewers surprise,she couldnt answer some of them._4To learn more about the National Museum,you can use the Internet or go to the library,or either._5I was so stubborn that I
23、wouldnt say sorry to him,believing he had done nothing wrong._6When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge and expressed us appreciation for their hard work,they looked a little surprised at first._7Our parents check our bags to make it sure were not getting into trouble._8To my great relief,he bro
24、ught textbooks with them and helped me with my lessons._9After that,they showed us how to operate a fire extinguisher,and even gave our chances to practice using it._10So,instead of giving us answers immediately,he encourages us to think by myself whenever he puts forward questions._答案与解析1it 改为 that
25、 此处 that 指代前边 the cost of living。2neither 改为 none 或 All 改为 Both neither 与 both 均指两者，All 与 none 均指三者或三者之上，前后应搭配。3some 改为 any any 常用于否定句。4either 改为 both 由句意可知此处表示两者都。5he 改为 I 句意：我如此固执以至于我相信我做的没有错，不愿意向他道歉。根据上下文逻辑可知需将 he 改为 I。6us 改为 our 句意：当我们将热粥递给清洁工并表达我们对他们的艰苦工作的感激时，他们一开始显得有点惊奇。句词appreciation 前需用形容词性物
26、主代词，故将 us 改为 our。7去掉 it 句意：我们的父母检查我们的书包以确保我们不会遭遇麻烦。make sure 为固定短语，不必在 make 和 sure 之间加it。8them 改为 him 或 he 改为 they 根据逻辑可知主语 he 需与后面的 them 在“数”上保持一致。9our 改为 us 句意：之后，他们向我们展示了如何使用灭火器甚至给了我们练习使用它的机会。give 后常加双宾语，故本句中需将 our 改为 us。10myself 改为 ourselves 句意：因此他没有立即给我们答复，他鼓励我们无论他什么时候提出问题我们都要独立思考。ourselves 与前面
27、的 us 对应。.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)If you know me well,you would know I dont like birthday parties.At least,I dont like birthday parties given for _1_.I enjoy them when theyre for _2_，but when theyre for me,I just dont like _3_.I remember one birthday party some friends of _4_ had for me when I was a stude
28、nt at the university.Of course,I had told _5_ best friend Henry that I didnt want a party and I made him promise he wouldnt do _6_.He agreed.I should have known better than to believe _7_.On the day of my birthday,we got home from school at about,oh,I dont know,three or half past three.We went insid
29、e and as usual _8_ went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain(浴帘),a kind of strange female voice started singing,“Happy birthday to you.Happy birthday to you.”And then from all over the room,people joined in.There were about fifteen people hidin
30、g everywhere in the room._9_ had got my roommates key and got in earlier.They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing.I guess I really upset _10_ plans by going in just to wash my hands.答案与解析1me 根据句子内容可知，作者在此指本人。2others 根据下文的 dont like 可知，作者不喜欢为自己举办的生日聚会，而是喜欢给他人举办的生日聚会。3them 根据前面的 when theyre for me 可知，我不喜欢为自己举办的生日聚会。4mine 根据英语双重所有格的表示法可知，此处用名词性物主代词。5my 从后面的 friend 可以看出，此处用形容词性物主代词。6anything 从前面的 I made him promise he wouldnt do 可推知，我让他答应不做任何事情。7him 根据语境可知，作者对自己相信他而感到自责。8I 根据语境可知，我像往常一样进入浴室。9They 指朋友拿到了我室友的钥匙，提前进入了我的房间。10their 我打乱了他们的计划。