1、第二部分语法专题专题一专题十五专题十四 状语从句1(2016浙江卷)_ online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.2(2016天津卷)_ the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.3(2016北京卷)I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind
2、away from other cares of the day.4(2016北京卷)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,_ hes in his nineties.5(2015天津卷)We need to get to the root of the problem _ we can solve it.6(2015浙江卷)Just _ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a para
3、graph.7(2015 江苏卷)It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes.8(2015北京卷)_ the damage is done,it will take many years for the farmland to recover.9(2015陕西卷)I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else.10(2015四川卷)There is only one more day to
4、 go _ your favorite music group play live.11(2015福建卷)_ the students came from different countries,they got along quite well in the summer camp.12(2015湖南卷)_ the job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it.13(2015安徽卷)_ scientists have learned a lot about
5、the universe,there is much we still dont know.14(2015安徽卷)_ he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.15(2015重庆卷)If you miss this chance,it may be years _ you get another one.16(2014安徽卷)The meaning of the word“nice”changed a few times _ it finally came
6、 to include the sense“pleasant”17(2014湖南卷)You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work.18(2014江西卷)It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.19(2014陕西卷)The young couple,who returned my lost wallet,left _ I could ask for their name
7、s.答案与解析1While/Although/Though 句意：虽然网购改变了我们的生活，但并不是它的所有影响都是正面的。考查状语从句。根据句意可知用 While/Although/Though 引导让步状语从句。2As 句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。考查状语从句。根据句意可知此处应用 as 引导状语从句。3because/as 句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它可以帮我放松并使我不操心一天中的其他事。本题考查原因状语从句。空格前后为因果关系，故答案为 because 或 as。4even though/even if/although/though 句意：尽管我的
8、爷爷九十多岁了，他仍时常打网球。本题考查让步状语从句。根据句意可知空格处应填 even though/even if 或 although/though。5before 句意：在能够解决这个问题之前，我们需要找到它的根源所在。根据句意可知用 before。6as 句意：正如一个词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子可以改变一个段落的意思。根据句意可知用 as。7unless 句意：天太冷了，你不能出去，除非你被厚厚的衣服包裹得严严实实。根据句意可知用 unless。此处 unless fully coveredunless you are fully covered。8Once/If 句意：一
9、旦/如果遭到破坏，要花费很多年的时间才能使农田恢复。根据句意可知用 Once/If。9once/if 句意：我相信一旦/如果你认识了其他所有人，你会在这里玩得很开心。根据语境可知用 once/if。10before 句意：在你最喜欢的乐队现场表演之前只剩下一天了。根据句意可知用 before。11Although/Though/While 句意：虽然这些学生来自不同的国家，但他们在这个夏令营中相处得很好。根据句意可知用Although/Though/While。12Although/Though/While 句意：虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但是大部分的学生认为这次经历是值得的。根据句意可知用
10、 Although/Though/While。13Although/Though/While 句意：虽然科学家已经了解了很多有关宇宙的东西，但是还有很多我们不知道的。根据句意可知填 Although/Though/While。14Where 句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有决心进一步推进并且坚持下去了。根据句意可知用 Where。15before 句意：如果你错过了这次机会的话，那可能要等到多年之后你才能再次获得机会。此处为固定句式 it may be一段时间before.。16before 句意：“nice”这个单词的含义在它最终包含“pleasant”的含义之前经过了多次变化。根据句
11、意可知填 before。17unless 句意：除非你全身心地投入到工作中，否则你永远也不会获得成功。分析句子结构可知设空处引导条件状语从句，又根据句意可知填 unless。18when 句意：半夜，我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我来看足球赛。根据语境可知，设空处引导一个时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”，故填 when。19before 句意：那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包。我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就已经走了。根据语境可知，作者在问他们名字之前，他们已经走了，故填 before。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较和目的等九大类。状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
12、一、时间状语从句1when/while/aswhen 可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，而 while 和 as 只能和延续性动词连用。when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生，而 while 和as 引导的从句的谓语动作必须和主句谓语动作同时发生。as 常表示“随着，一边一边”。_ John arrived,I was cooking in the kitchen.约翰到时，我正在厨房做饭。John sings _ he works.约翰一边工作，一边唱歌。2as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the m
13、oment/minute/second/instant,no sooner.than.,hardly/rarely/scarcely.when.这些从属连词都译为“一就”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生。The man began to work _(immediate)he arrived there.那个人一到那儿就开始工作。No sooner had I arrived home _ it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨。3till 和 until 的用法(1)肯定句中，主句谓语动词应是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。He remained
14、 there _ she arrived.他在那儿一直待到她到达。(2)否定句中，主句谓语动词应是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间点才开始”。I was not aware that I forgot my ticket _ I got to the station.直到到了车站我才意识到我忘带车票了。(3)till 不可置于句首，until 可以。(4)强调和倒装句中，not.until 应视为一个整体，同时被强调或置于句首。Not until we know more _ we be able to improve the situation.我们只有了解更多情况才能改善
15、现状。It was not until I had read your letter _ I knew the truth.直到读了你的信我才知道事情的真相。4since(1)从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词，主句谓语动词则是延续性动词或反复发生的动作。since 引导的从句时态为一般过去时，主句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时。She has been working for the company _ she left school.她自从毕业一直在这家公司工作。(2)句型“It is/has been时间段since.”意为“自从到现在多久了”。It has been two years
16、_ I was admitted to this key middle school.自从我被这所重点中学录取已经两年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar.我三年没抽雪茄了。5before(1)before 常 用 于 表 示“还 未 就 ，不 到 就；才；趁；还没来得及就”等含义。We had sailed four days and four nights _ we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看见陆地。(2)句型“It was/wi
17、ll be时间段before.”意为“过了/要过多久才”。“It was not long before./It wont be long before.”意为“不久就”。It will be half a year _ I come back.要过半年我才能回来。6every time,each time,next time,the first time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当，每次，下次，第一次”等。Every time I saw him,I found him to be taller.每次我碰见他，都觉得他长高了。答案：1.When;as 2.immediatel
18、y;than3(1)till/until(2)till/until(4)will;that4(1)since(2)since 5.(1)before(2)before二、地点状语从句1通常由连词 where 和 wherever 引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。Children will play _ they happen to be.小孩子走到哪里玩到哪里。2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。_ theres plenty of sun and rain,the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油的。方法点拨 where 引导的状语从句
19、和定语从句的区别：where 引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where 作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如：如果你到风俗习惯不同的地方旅游，请入乡随俗。If you are travelling _ the customs are really foreign to your own,please do as the Romans do.(地点状语从句)If you are travelling in places _ the customs are really foreign to your own,please do as the Romans do.(定语从句)答
20、案：1.wherever 2.Where(ver);where;where三、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词(词组)有：if(如果)，unless(除非，如果不)，as/so long as(只要)，supposing(that)(倘若，假定)，provided(that)(假若，倘若)，providing(that)(倘若)，on condition that(条件是)，in case(如果)等。You will succeed as long as you study hard.只要你努力学习，你一定会成功。_(suppose)it rains,what shall we do?
21、假如下雨，我们该怎么办呢？答案：Supposing四、让步状语从句1although 与 though 引导的让步状语从句。二者可互换，且都可与 yet,still 或 nevertheless 连用，但不与 but 连用。though 引导让步状语从句时，可使用倒装结构，但 although 引导的状语从句不能倒装。Young _ she is,she knows how to deal with such a thing.她虽然年轻，但懂得如何处理这件事。(本句中 though 不可换为 although)方法点拨 though 还可作副词用于句末，意为“可是，然而，不过”，althoug
22、h 则不能。He said he would come.He didnt _.他说他会来，可是他没有来。2as 引导让步状语从句时，需要使用倒装结构，表示强调。Tired _ he was(Though he was tired),he continued his work.尽管他累了，他还是继续工作。3while 引导让步状语从句，一般放在句首。_(Although)I dont like it,I will try to learn it well.尽管我不喜欢它，我也会努力学好。4 whatever/no matter what,whoever/no matter who,whichev
23、er/no matter which 都可以引导让步状语从句，而且whatever,whoever,whichever 还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matterwh-ever”不能引导名词性从句，只能引导让步状语从句。_/No matter what you say,I wont believe you.(让步状语从句)不管你说什么，我决不相信你的话。You can take _ you like.(名词性从句)喜欢什么你就可以拿什么。答案：1.though/as though 2.as3While 4.Whatever;whatever五、方式状语从句 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发
24、生的方式，常由 as(像一样)，as if/though(似乎，好像)等引导。1as 引导方式状语从句，前面常可用 just 加强语气。You must do the exercise _ I tell you.你必须按照我告诉你的方法做练习。I did just _ the teacher did.我就像老师那样做的做了。2as if/as though 引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.她英语说得非常好，就好像她去过美国似的。答案：1.as;as六、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的
25、连词有：because,as,since,now that 等。Why were you late?你为什么迟到了？_ I was caught in traffic jams.因为我遇上交通堵塞了。As its dark,wed better go off work.由于天黑了，我们最好还是下班吧。方法点拨 for 也可用来表原因，为并列连词，起补充说明的作用。He cant see,for he is blind.他看不见，因为眼睛失明了。答案：Because七、结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that,so.that,such.that。其结构是：1soadj./adv.th
26、at 从句soadj.a(n)可数名词单数that 从句somany/much/little/few名词that 从句2sucha(n)adj.可数名词单数that 从句suchadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词that 从句sucha lot of/lots of名词that 从句3主句so that 从句It was _ a cold day that there was nobody in the street.It was _ cold a day that there was nobody in the street.It was a cold day _ that there was
27、 nobody in the street.天气非常冷，街上一个人也没有。答案：3.such;so;so八、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,in case,lest 等。1so that 与 in order that(表肯定)in order that 引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后，而 so that 引导的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与 can,may,could,might 等情态动词连用。In order _ we might see the sunrise,we started for the pea
28、k early.为了能看到日出，我们早早地出发去山顶。2for fear that,in case 与 lest(表否定)这三个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should)动词原形”。He wrote the name down for fear _/in case/lest he(should)forget it.他把名字写下来以免忘了。答案：1.that 2.that九、比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有：than,as.as.,not so/as.as.John is taller than his father.约翰比他父亲高。John is as tall as his f
29、ather.约翰和他父亲一样高。John is not so/as tall as his father.约翰不如他父亲高。方法点拨 注意两种特殊的表示比较的结构：the more.the more.结构。The more you exercise,the healthier you will be.你锻炼得越多就会越健康。A is to B what C is to D 结构。Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals.发动机之于机器正如心脏之于动物。答案：what.在空白处填入适当的连词1_youve got a chance,you m
30、ight as well make full use of it.2Im afraid that all the passengets will have to wait at the airport for another day,_ the storm stops.3The little boy cried for several minutes _ his father came to comfort him.4This new dictionary is useful for me._ much I may pay,Ill buy it.5As is reported,it is 70
31、 years _ the Anti-Japanese War came to an end.6_ the wedding ceremony began,the couple nervously repeated their vows“we promise to love each other for better,for worse,for richer,for poorer,in sickness and in health”7_we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized,we are not really learnin
32、g the language.8Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it _ just keeping buildings from falling down.9_ he has decided to come to see you,when do you think he will come?10Its a long time_ I saw you last.Yes,and what a pity!It will be a long time _ we see each other again.11Count,bu
33、t never stop _ you find the tenth.12There are several reasons for sleep.We sleep _ we need to dream.13_ there was no conclusive evidence,most people thought he was guilty.14More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want,and I am one of them.I just cant help buying things _ I n
34、eed them or not.15As we can see,developing a good habit is so important _ I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habitkeep a learning diary every day.答案与解析1Since 句意：既然你得到了机会，你最好充分利用它。since 引导原因状语从句。since“既然”，相当于 now that。2unless 句意：如果暴雨不停的话，恐怕所有的乘客还必须在机场再待一天。unless“如果不；除非”，符合句意。3before
35、句意：这个小男孩在他父亲来安慰他之前哭了好几分钟。根据句意可知，此处应用 before 引导时间状语从句。4However 句意：这本新词典对我来说是有用的。无论花多少钱，我都会买下它。however 引导让步状语从句，结构是：however形容词/副词主语谓语。5since 考查 since 引导的时间状语从句。it is 时间段since.“自从以来”。句意：据报道，自抗日战争结束以来有 70 年了。6As/When 句意：当婚礼开始时，那对新人紧张地重复着他们的誓言“我们发誓彼此相爱，无论环境好坏、无论贫穷富足、无论生病健康。”根据上下文逻辑可知设空处引导时间状语从句，且从句谓语动词为瞬
36、间动词，故答案为 As 或 When。7If 句意：如果我们对仅仅记住几条规则就感到满意的话，那我们就不是真的在学习这门语言。根据语境此处应该是考查条件状语从句，所以要用 if 引导。8than 句意：地震安全非常重要，与防止建筑物倒塌相比，还有更多的事情要做。根据本句中的 more 可知设空处填 than。9Since 句意：既然他已决定来看你，你认为他什么时候来呢？since 从属连词，既然。10since；before 句意：自从我上次见你到现在很长时间了。是的，真遗憾！还得很长时间我们才会再次见面。“It is一段时间since.”意为：自从到现在有一段时间了。“It will be一
37、段时间before.”意为：还得有一段时间才会。11until/before 句意：继续数，直到你找到第十个人再停下来。本题考查 not(never).until 或 before 从句。12because 句意：睡觉有很多原因。因为我们需要做梦才睡觉。根据本句中的 reasons 及上下文可知 we need to dream 是we sleep 的原因，故答案为 because。13While/Although/Though 句意：虽然没有确凿证据，但大多数人认为他有罪。根据句意可知答案为 While，Although 或Though。14whether 句意：越来越多的人愿意在网上买到自
38、己想要的东西，我就是其中之一。无论我需不需要，我都会情不自禁地买 东 西。根 据 语 境 可 以 推 断 出 此 处 考 查 让 步 状 语 从 句，whether.or not 意为：无论还是。15that 句意：正如我们看到的那样，养成一个好的习惯如此重要，以至于我想介绍一种好的学习习惯，即每天都要记学习笔记。根据语境可知此处考查 so.that 引导的结果状语从句。.单句改错1The holiday came to an end when I knew it._2However,after I go hiking,I make sure to have all of the basic
39、necessities._3Though youre interested in it,you can buy it via the Internet._4He leads us to such a wonderful world of“why”as we all admire and respect him._5In fact,he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me._6As soon as we arrived,so we dropped the lines
40、 into the water._7In the end,we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear._8We should move on bravely on our life journey however difficulty we meet with._9It has been eight years when we graduated,but those memories are as sweet as ever before._10Did Jenny return early l
41、ast night?Exactly.It was not yet 8 oclock that she arrived home._答案与解析1when 改为 before 句意：不知不觉地假期就结束了。本句表示：在我知道之前，假期就结束了。故将 when 改为 before。2after 改为 before 本题考查状语从句。根据常识可知在远足前面不是在远足后准备一些基本必需品，故将 after 改为before。3Though 改为 If 句意：如果你对此感兴趣，你可以通过互联网购买。根据句意可知此处应为条件状语从句，故将 Though改为 If。4as 改为 that 句意：他将我们带到了
42、一个充满“为什么”的奇妙世界以至于我们都很钦佩、尊重他。本句考查的是such.that 引导的结果状语从句。5during 改为 when when 引导时间状语从句，during 是介词，不引导句子。6去掉 so as soon as 引导时间状语从句，主句不再用 so引导。7unless 改为 till/until 由句意可知应为“等到了时候”，因此用 till/until。8however 改为 whatever 句意：在人生的旅程中不管遇到什么样的困难我们都要勇敢继续前行。however 后跟形容词或副词引导状语从句；whatever 后可跟名词引导让步状语从句。difficulty
43、是名词，故 however 改为 whatever。9when 改为 since“It is/has been一段时间since(谓语动词是短暂性动词)”是固定句型，意为“自以来有多久了”。10that 改为 when 句意：“珍妮昨晚回来得早吗？”“是的，她到家时还不到 8 点。”分析句子结构可知，本题不是强调句型而是由 when 引导的时间状语从句，it 指代时间，故 that 改为 when。.语篇填空(在空白处填入适当的连词)My sister is a determined girl,who believes that _1_ long as she works hard,she w
44、ill succeed sooner or later.Hard _2_ she tries,she fails sometimes._3_ times goes by,she has made progress in her studies.It is two years _4_ she entered senior high school and it will be one year _5_ she graduates from high school.Every night she doesnt go to bed _6_ eleven oclock.She wont give up
45、learning _7_ she falls ill.She works so hard _8_ I admire her a lot._9_ she is at school or at home,she wont change her mind that she will be admitted to a key university._10_ happens or where she goes,she keeps her duty in mind.答案与解析1so/as so/as long as 只要。2as/though“形容词as/though主语谓语”，为让步状语从句的倒装。3As as times goes by 随着时光流逝。4since It is时间段since.句型。5before It will be时间段before.句型。6until not.until 直到才。7unless unless 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不，除非”。8that so.that.如此以至于。9Whether whether.or.无论是还是。10Whatever whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”。