1、2020-2021学年上海市闵行区七宝中学高三英语上学期10月月考试卷I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form
2、 of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp _1_ you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal
3、Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and had the volunteers memory and thinking skills _2_(assess)through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to
4、 the lab every 18 months _3_(take) the same sorts of tests. Those who _4_(hold) mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function _5_ a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The re
5、sults held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like youre in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work sur
6、e, you will feel tired, _6_it can help your brain stay healthy. ” Its not just corporate jobs, or even paid work_7_can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter s job, for example, _8_( require) multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level offic
7、e work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）,” she says. “You _9_ organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influ
8、ences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge _10_mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.【答案】1. as 2. assessed 3. to take 4. had held 5. at 6. but 7. that 8. requiring 9. have to 10. yourself【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了那些从事大量思考、智力刺激大的工作的人，大脑能保持相对敏锐，认知功能丧失的速度慢得多。【1题详解】考查连词。句意：周三发表在神经学杂志上的一
9、项研究表明，挑战性的工作需要大量的分析思考、计划和其他管理技能，这可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。分析句子结构可知，这是一个时间状语从句，从句中缺少引导词。从属连as意为“随着”根据从句的句意“随着”年龄的增长，可知，从句可用as引导。故填as。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：德国莱比锡大学的研究人员收集了1000多名75岁以上的退休工人，通过一系列测试评估志愿者的记忆力和思维能力。分析句意可知，志愿者的记忆里和思维能力“被评估”，再根据句子结构，该句运用了动词短语have sth. done，意为“主语请/派别人完成某事”，该句中主语是Researchers，因此，该空应该用a
10、ssess的过去分词形式assessed作宾语补足语，表示被动和完成的意义。故填assessed。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，八年来，科学家们要求同一组人每18个月回到实验室进行同样的测试。分析句意可知，“进行同样的测试”是“每18个月回到实验室”的目的，因此，用动词不定式to take作目的状语。故填to take。【4题详解】考查动词时态。句意：那些在退休前从事过智力刺激、需求高的工作的人往往在测试中表现最好。根据上文，这些志愿者参加测试已经是过去的事情，而他们从事（had held）智力刺激的工作，是在测试之前发生过的事情，因此用过去完成时。故填had held。【5题详解】
11、考查固定搭配。句意：而且他们的认知功能丧失的速度比那些从事智力挑战性最低的工作的人慢得多。根据该句中的“a much slower rate(以更慢的速度)”可知，短语at a rate意为“以的速度”，该空缺少介词at，故填at。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：工作了一天之后当然，你会感到疲倦，但它可以帮助你的大脑保持健康。根据“help your brain stay healthy”可知，句意发生了转折，因此，该空用连词but表示转折关系。故填but。【7题详解】考查强调句型。句意：然后指出，不仅是团体性工作，甚至是有偿工作也可以帮助你保持大脑健康。分析句子结构可知，去掉its和空处，句子成
12、分仍然完整，因此本句为强调句型：it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分。故填that。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，服务员的工作需要多任务处理、团队合作和决策，这和任何高级办公室工作一样令人兴奋。分析句子结构可知，该句主语是“A waiter s job”，谓语是“could be”，因此，require 应该用非谓语动词形式， require与逻辑主语job是主动关系，因此用现在分词作后置定语。故填requiring。【9题详解】考查固定短语。句意：你不得不组织好孩子们的活动，打理账单和杂货。根据句意和该空后的动词原形 “organize”可知，该空用have to do st
13、h.意为“不得不做某事”，陈述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，故填have to。【10题详解】考查代词。句意：尽管如此，继续在智力上挑战自己，让自己的大脑保持忙碌是唯一能对你有所帮助的。分析句意可知，该空意为挑战“自己”，challenge oneself意为“挑战自己”，根据该空后的“your”可知，对应的反身代词是yourself。故填yourself。Section B (10分)Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that the
14、re is one word more than you need.从方框里选择合适的词语的适当形式填空A. essence B. amateur C. influential D. balanced AB. recognition AC. highlights AD. maximizing BC. overwhelmingly BD. talented CD. obsession ABC. prioritizeWhen most of us recall our school sporting days, we tend to remember the friendships that we
15、re forged, the occasional personal _11_and the far more frequent moments when our skill levels didnt quite match our idols. However, not all of the present generation of schoolchildren may be able to look back on their sporting experiences with such fondness. There are growing fears, within independ
16、ent schools in particular, that moves towards professional standards and a focus on winning may disagree with the _12_ of school sports.The problem is, perhaps unsurprisingly, more prevalent in boys sport, and especially so in rugby, where independent schools still provide the bulk of future England
17、 internationals. At the same time, there has been a surge in the number of schools offering scholarships to _13_rugby players, driven by a desire to widen access, but also, on occasion, by a(n) _14_that success on the playing field may be a potential marketing tool. One director of rugby at a top-pe
18、rforming school in the South-East reports that his star under-16 player was poached(挖走)by a rival school which offered him a full scholarship. We werent prepared to enter into a bidding war over a 15-year-old kid, he says rather pitifully.Chris Morgan, director of sport at Tonbridge, is a critic of
19、these shifts towards becoming superstar sports schools, An increasing number of schools seem to be using sports scholarships as part of their business model, he says. They place rugby above other sports as it seems to be more_15_in parents decision-making over which school they want to send their ch
20、ildren to.As a result, some of Morgans counterparts at other independent schools feel under pressure to focus on winning rather than_16_ enjoyment. If everything you put on your website is about which teams won, it is easy to see how coaches, boys and parents can think that results are the most impo
21、rtant barometer of success.Several coaches feel that their efforts to _17_players enjoyment over results are at risk of being undermined by the temptation to see sport as an extension of academic league tables.One director of rugby told me that whenever they lose a game, his headmaster calls a meeti
22、ng on the Monday morning in which he demands an explanation for the defeat. The head cant understand that sport isnt just about winning, he says.So, with increasingly professional set-ups and a seeming _18_with winning at all costs, has school sport lost its innocence?Certainly not, says Kevin Knibb
23、s, Headmaster of Hampton School in South West London, and Chair of the Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference(HMC)Sports Sub-Committee Independent schools understand that sport is hugely beneficial to young people. While there have been substantial improvements in the standard of sports facilitie
24、s, coaching, and performance in independent schools over the past decade, this is_19_ with, an emphasis on safety, wellbeing and general fitness. Together these things have had a(n) _20_positive impact on young peoples experiences of sport in HMC schools, he says. Pupils are free to enjoy playing a
25、wide range of sports with their friends without facing undue pressure to wip or needing to follow an over-intensive training regime, Knibbs continue.【答案】11. AC 12. A 13. BD 14. AB 15. C 16. AD 17. ABC 18. CD 19. D 20. BC【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。对学校体育是否违背了体育本质进行了讨论。【详解】1.考查名词。句意：当我们大多数人回想起学校的体育赛事时，我们往往会想起那些建立
26、起来的友谊，我们往往会记得那些建立起来的友谊、偶尔的个人高光时刻，更常见的时刻是当我们的技能水平与我们的偶像并不匹配。根据句意，这里是讲体育赛事里的美好记忆，形容词personal之后应用名词，highlights意为“最精彩的部分”。故选AC。2.考查名词。句意：人们越来越担心，尤其是在独立学校中，朝着专业标准的方向发展和注重胜利的做法可能与学校体育的本质不符。作disagree with的斌与用名词，根据句意可知，这是与运动的本质不符的。名词essence意为“本质”。故选A。3.考查形容词。句意：同时，学校增加了给有天赋的橄榄球运动员的奖学金的数额。修饰名词players（运动员）应用形
27、容词，再结合scholarships，形容词talented意为“有天赋的”故选BD。4.考查名词。句意：同时，学校增加了给有天赋的橄榄球运动员的奖学金的数额，这是被拓宽渠道的愿望所驱使，偶尔，也被在赛场上的成功有潜在的经济价值的认知所驱使。根据that从句的内容可知，这是对一种认识的解释说明，名词recognition意为“认知”，故选AB。5.考查形容词。句意：他们把橄榄球放在其他运动之上，因为似乎橄榄球在父母对送孩子进哪所学校的决定上更有影响力。根据decision-making可知，此处是讲橄榄球的影响，形容词influential意为“有影响力的”，故选C。6.考查动词。句意：结果，
28、摩根在其他独立学校的一些同行感到压力，要把精力放在赢球上，而不是把快乐最大化。根据rather than（而不是）可知，此处作宾语的动名词应与专注获胜相反。动词maximizing意为“使.最大化”，此处指“把快乐最大化”，故选AD。7.考查动词。句意：有几位教练认为，他们把运动员的快乐置于成绩之上的努力，可能会受到把体育视为学术排行榜延伸的诱惑的破坏。efforts 后接不定式作后置定语，此处需要填动词原形，prioritize.over.意为“将优先于”，为固定搭配，故选ABC。8.考查名词。句意：所以，伴随着越来越专业的机构和全力以赴获得胜利的执念，学校体育已经失去了它的初衷了吗？作介词
29、with 的宾语用名词，根据winning at all costs可知这是对胜利的执念，名词obsession意为“痴迷，执念”，故选CD。9.考查形容词。句意：尽管过去十年在体育机构、教练、独立学校的表现的标准上有了实质性的改善，这也与对安全、福利和普遍健康的强调相平衡。be balanced with意为“与相平衡”，为固定搭配，故选D。10.考查副词。句意：这些事情对年轻人在HMC学校里的运动体验有压倒性的积极影响。修饰形容词positive应用副词，副词overwhelmingly意为“压倒性地”，故选BC。III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）Secti
30、on ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.Biodiversity is a concept thats commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex_21_ not only refers to the
31、 unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is _22_ worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. Thats obviously devastating for everything in natur
32、e-including us.“If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the _23_ and we do not exist without it.”Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with und
33、erstanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to _24_ course.“The two greatest _25_ of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently _26_ more lands an
34、d oceans and managing them for their conservation values.Thats the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the_27_ also encourages nations, in full partnership with loca
35、l communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, _28_ the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems.The campaign also recognizes the importance of_29_ local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over l
36、ands that support about 80 percent of the worlds biodiversity, making it _30_ for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies._31_, protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence
37、 Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Salas paper asserts, “would _32_catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services.”“Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), sa
38、lt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants _33_ much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isnt enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) _34_,”
39、 Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth .we are _35_ protecting it.”21. A. argumentB. termC. structureD. problem22. A. alteringB. developingC. stabilizingD. worsening23. A. ecosystemB. threatC. cycleD. procedure24. A. affectB. changeC.
40、reverseD. continue25. A. aspectsB. causesC. consequencesD. occasions26. A. acquiringB. protectingC. exploitingD. possessing27. A. managementB. announcementC. campaignD. competition28. A. consumeB. destroyC. loseD. contain29. A. denyingB. enjoyingC. ignoringD. respecting30. A. essentialB. simpleC. te
41、mporaryD. profitable31. A. BesidesB. HoweverC. ThusD. Otherwise32. A. witnessB. detectC. confirmD. avoid33. A. measureB. absorbC. surviveD. prevent34. A. missionB. decisionC. optionD. exploration35. A. worried aboutB. confident inC. responsible forD. good at【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27
42、. C 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. C【解析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，号召人们采取行动保护我们赖以生存的地球。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个复杂的术语不仅指地球上令人难以置信的生命多样性，还指从基因到整个生态系统如何相互作用，从而使地球适于居住。A. argument论点；B. term术语；C. structure结构；D. problem问题。根据上一句可知，生物多样性这个概念经常被引用，但也经常被误解。这是个复杂的“术语”，故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：坏消息:科学表明，全
43、球生物多样性正在以比人类历史上任何时候都要快的速度恶化。A. altering改变；B. developing发展；C. stabilizing安定；D. worsening恶化。根据“The bad news”可知，这是一个坏消息，因此排除其他选项，选项D. worsening(恶化)符合语境，故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是生态系统的一部分，没有它我们就不能生存。A. ecosystem生态系统；B. threat威胁；C. cycle循环；D. procedure程序，步骤。上文讲到，如果生物多样性消失，人类也会消失，可知，我们是生态系统(ecosystem)的一部分
44、。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，要防止这样的灾难，首先要了解生物多样性为什么在下降，然后采取行动扭转局面。A. affect影响；B. change改变；C. reverse反转，扭转；D. continue继续。根据语境可知，我们要了解生物多样性下降的原因，并且采取措施扭转这一过程，故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：生物多样性丧失的两大原因是栖息地的丧失，主要是在陆地上，以及过度开发，主要是在海洋中。A. aspects方面；B. causes原因；C. consequences结果；D. occasions场合，机会。根据句意可知，栖息地的丧失
45、是生物多样性衰退的原因（cause）之一，故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，我们可以通过永久地保护更多的土地和海洋，并根据它们的保护价值管理它们来解决这些问题。A. acquiring获得；B. protecting保护；C. exploiting开发；D. possessing占有。根据句意，我们要“保护（protect）”土地和海洋，故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项运动并不是简单地保护地球的30%，而是鼓励各国与当地社区通力合作，关注正确的30%。A. management管理；B. announcement公告；C. campaign战役，活动；D
46、. competition竞争，比赛。这里指“the global Campaign for Nature（全球保护自然运动）”，故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，这些地区拥有最重要的生物多样性，如濒危物种和生态系统以及稀有物种和生态系统。A. consume消耗；B. destroy毁坏；C. lose丢失；D. contain包含。全球自然运动的使命是保护这些地区，是因为这些地区拥有（contain）最重要的生物多样性，故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该运动也认识到尊重地方权利的重要性。A. denying否认；B. enjoying喜欢；C.
47、ignoring忽略；D. respecting尊重。根据下文可知，当地人民管理或拥有土地的使用权，因此该运动认识到尊重他们的重要性，故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地人民管理或拥有土地使用权，这些土地支撑着世界上约80%的生物多样性，使这些社区成为制定和执行战略的全面伙伴至关重要。A. essential必要的，必不可少的；B. simple简单的；C. temporary临时的；D. profitable有益的。根据上文，当地人民在保护生物多样性方面十分重要，全球自然运动有必要与当地社区联合行动保护多样性，选项A符合语境，故选A。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外
48、，国家地理常驻探险家Enric Sala博士说，保护关键生物多样性地区的健康对于应对气候变化至关重要。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，该句讲“保护生物多样性对于应对气候变化至关重要”，这与上文是并列关系，故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sala的论文认为，与国际巴黎协定结合起来对抗气候变化，将避免灾难性的气候变化，保护物种，并确保基本的生态系统服务。A. witness目击；B. detect察觉；C. confirm确认，证实；D. avoid避免。根据句意，对抗气候变化会“
49、避免（avoid）”灾难性的气候变化，故选D。33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：树木、湿地、草原、泥炭沼泽、盐沼、健康的海洋生态系统、红树林和植物吸收了人类排放到大气中的大部分碳污染。A. measure衡量；B. absorb吸收；C. survive存活；D. prevent阻止。根据常识，树木“吸收（absorb）”大气中的碳，故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“移居火星不是一个选择。” Sala补充说，“我们的生活和人类社会繁荣的唯一条件是在地球上。”A. mission使命；B. decision决定；C. option选项，选择；D. exploration探索。根据
50、下文，Sala认为人类唯一得以生存和繁荣的地方就是地球，因此认为移居火星不是一个（正确的）选择。故选C。【35题详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们有责任保护它。A. (be) worried about担心；B. (be) confident in自信；C. (be) responsible for对负责；D. (be) good at擅长。根据上文可知，我们有责任保护我们赖以生存的地球，故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions
51、or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When 1 stepped off a ship i
52、n New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom.I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior H
53、igh. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during“club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teach
54、er.A tough woman with salt-and pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new pers
55、pective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a, journalist by profession.Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had
56、 taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until
57、 the spark caught fire.Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd I wouldnt have become & reporter. She was the one who sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.36. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mos
58、t probably mean?A. Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author.B The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.C. Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author.D. The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were all about.37. Which of the following caused the author to think
59、of his homeland differently?A. Stepping on the American soil for the first time.B. Being exposed to Greek literary works.C. Her mothers miserable death.D. Following the prettiest girl in his class.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 thatA. Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students
60、.B. Miss Hurds contribution was recognized across the nation.C. Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurds teaching style.D. The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired.39. What is the text mainly about?A. How the author became a journalist.B. The importance of inspiration in ones li
61、fe.C. The teacher who shaped the authors life.D. Factors contributing to a successful career.【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C【解析】本文作者主要介绍了自己的老师Marjorie Hurd小姐，其中重点讲述了Hurd老师对他的人生道路产生的重要影响。Hurd老师让作者了解了希腊文学这一宝贵财富，使得作者对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国，有了新的认识，并为它感到自豪；并让作者学会了英语的逻辑与结构。多亏了Hurd老师的鼓励，在未来的二十五年里，作者成为了一名专业的记者。【36题详解】词句猜测题。
62、根据上文的介绍Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.”(在我到达后不久，我被告知选择一个爱好在“俱乐部时间”。 )，在结合第二段中but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class使用了转折连词but，意为：但是我决定跟着我班里最漂亮的女孩，可以推测出划线的句子表示的意思应与之相反，即虽然我对于爱好和俱乐部毫无概念。故选D【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Her introduction to the li
63、terary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland，making me proud of my origins(她对希腊文学的介绍给了我一个关于我饱受战争蹂躏的祖国的新视角，使我为我的起源感到骄傲。)可知，Hurd老师让我了解了希腊文学这一宝贵财富，使得我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国，有了新的不同的认识，为它感到自豪。故选B。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling st
64、udents in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.(即使在她退休后，她仍然继续从事一个不情愿上学的学生项目，她在这些学生身上发现潜在的火花。学生们主要来自最麻烦的家庭，但她用她自己坚韧的爱敦促他们，直到点燃这些火花。
65、)可知，在Hurd老师退休之后，她继续从事了一项工作：即用她独特地严厉的爱应对帮助不愿意学习的学生发现他们潜在的闪光点。故选A。【39题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章第一句The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd.可知，本文主要讲述了我的老师Marjorie Hurd对我的人生道路产生的重要影响。C项中的“shaped the authors life”与“ set the course of my life”意思相近。故选C。(B)HOW TO GET THEREB
66、A and Royal Jordanian airlines fly direct between London Heathrow and Jordans capital city Amman (from 435; rj. com). Flight time is five hours.HOW TO GET AROUNDJordan is a joyfully easy country to travel around, in part due to its small size. You could drive from top to bottom in little over five h
67、ours if you wanted to. The national bus company has services between the main towns, and limited options to Petra and the Dead Sea. For full flexibility, youre better off hiring a carroads are in good condition, and other drivers tend to be less manic (not stand up to free use of the car horn) compa
68、red to other countries in the Middle East. The traffic in Amman makes it frustrating, and nerve-wracking, to navigate, so pick up and drop off your car at the airport, a little outside of the city. The usual suspects have offices there (weeks hire from 235; hertz. jo). HOW LONG TO SPENDGiven the sho
69、rt travel times between major sites, you could feasibly whip around Jordan in little under a week, spending a night in each location. However, its important to factor in the weather: your pace will slow in high temperatures, and youll find many Jordanians sensibly spending the hottest part of the da
70、y indoors, indulging in a long lunch. Youll also want to devote a proper amount of time to each location: two or three nights in each of Petra and Wadi Rum will allow you to get to a few less explored corners, while two nights in Amman and one each at the Dead Sea and hot springs is about right. If
71、you add in a side trip for some diving in the Red Sea, two weeks is plenty.WHAT TO BUDGET Staying in budget guesthouses, eating only from markets and street stalls, and using public transport, you could survive in Jordan on around 40 per day. Factor in a midrange hotel, car hire, guided tours and me
72、als in local restaurants, and the figure could rise to 100-plus a day. The national currency is the dinar（第纳尔）, and is available from ATMs at all the main sites.WHEN TO GOHigh season is September to October and March to May when the weather is warm but bearable. Note that price hikes are common in t
73、his period, and hotels get booked far in advance. One of the most pleasant times to visit is winter, from November to February, though be aware the desert gets very cold at night during this period. If you can take the extreme temperatures of summer, it can be an excellent time to travel, with fewer
74、 tourists around.HOW TO PLANSee Lonely Planets Jordan and the Jordan tourist boards official site, , which has a wealth of information on general travel in the region and specific sites.40. Which of the following statements is True about travelling in Jordan according to the passage?A. Drivers in Jo
75、rdan use car horn more freely than those in other countries.B. Its better to drive your own car since the traffic in Amman is frustrating.C. Weather should be taken into consideration when you arrange holiday.D. Diving in Red Sea is a must if you plan to travel in Jordan for one week.41. Which facto
76、r is NOT related with the budget according to the passage?A. To choose what kind hotels.B. To eat what kind of food.C. Whether to use cash or not.D. When to travel in Jordan.42. The word “hikes” in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by the word “ ”.A. declinesB. risesC. variesD. collapses【答案】40. C 41.
77、 C 42. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章告诉读者如何计划游玩约旦以及一些注意事项。【40题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“However, its important to factor in the weather: your pace will slow in high temperatures, and youll find many Jordanians sensibly spending the hottest part of the day indoors, indulging in a long lunch.”（然而，重要的是要考虑到天气因素：在高温下，你的步伐会变慢，你会发
78、现许多约旦人在室内度过一天中最热的部分，沉迷于一顿漫长的午餐。），可知在约旦旅行时，你安排假期时要考虑天气因素。故选C项。【41题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Factor in a midrange hotel, car hire, guided tours and meals in local restaurants, and the figure could rise to 100-plus a day.”（考虑到中档酒店、租车、导游和当地餐馆的用餐，这个数字可能会上升到每天100多英镑。）和第五段中的“High season is September to October and M
79、arch to May, when the weather is warm but bearable. Note that price hikes are common in this period, and hotels get booked far in advance.”（旺季是九月到十月和三月到五月，天气暖和但可以忍受。请注意，在这段时间里，价格上涨是很常见的，而且酒店会提前预订完。），可知酒店、用餐和什么时候去约旦旅行要考虑预算；由第四段中的“The national currency is the dinar（第纳尔）, and is available from ATMs at
80、all the main sites.”（国家货币是第纳尔，在所有主要地点的自动取款机上都可以买到。），可知此项只谈论了付款方式，和预算没有关系。故选C项。【42题详解】词义猜测题。由第五段中的“High season is September to October and March to May, when the weather is warm but bearable.”（旺季是九月到十月和三月到五月，天气暖和但可以忍受。）和“and hotels get booked far in advance”（而且酒店会提前预订完。），可知旺季酒店会提前预订完，说明旺季游客很多，酒店生意火爆，
81、价格自然会上涨，hikes在此处意为“rises（上升）”。故选B项。（C）First two hours, now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming secu
82、rity protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the
83、 process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention making people angry.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport secu
84、rity nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline se
85、curity has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may b
86、e that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed
87、 to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are qualifies to use expedited (加速的) screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gott
88、en anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pays 85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look
89、into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.43. The crash of Eg
90、ypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to .A. stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwideB. highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airportsC. explain Americans tolerance of current security checksD. emphasize the importance of privacy protection44. Which of the following contributes to lon
91、g waits at major airports?A. Frequent unexpected secret checks.B. New restrictions on carry-on bags.C. The declining efficiency of the TSA.D. An increase in the number of travellers.45. One problem with the PreCheck program is .A. a dramatic reduction of its scaleB. its wrongly-directed implementati
92、onC. govemments reluctance to back itD. an unreasonable price for enrollment46. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Less Screening for More SafetyB. PreCheck-a Belated SolutionC. Getting Stuck in Security LineD. Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】43. C 44. D 45. D 46. C【解析】这是一
93、篇说明文。文章解释了美国人对当前安全检查的容忍度，为了安全，他们愿意容忍耗时的安全协议。【43题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的“Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why.
94、”（美国人愿意容忍耗时的安全协议，以换取更高的安全性。恐怖分子在地中海上空击落的埃及航空804航班，再次悲剧性地提醒人们为什么要这样做），可知埃及航空公司804航班失事，提醒人们要为了安全性去容忍耗时的安全协议，因此推断埃及航空公司航班失事一事被提及是为了解释美国人对当前安全检查的容忍度。故选C项。【44题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, hav
95、e resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.”（自那以后，加强了安全措施，加上经济好转和油价低导致航空旅行增加，导致了芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场等主要机场的长时间等待），可知航空旅行增加，游客人数增加，才是导致主要机场长时间等待的原因。故选D项。【45题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the
96、price to a more reasonable level.”（从一开始，这个价格标签就是PreCheck的致命缺陷，即将到来的改革可能会使价格达到更合理的水平），可知不合理的登记价格是PreCheck的致命缺陷。故选D项。【46题详解】主旨大意题。由第二段中的“Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.（美国人愿意容忍耗时的安全协议，以换取更高的安全性）”，第三段中的“Enhanced security measures since
97、 then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.（自那以后，加强了安全措施，加上经济好转和油价低导致的航空旅行增加，导致芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场等主要机场的长时间等待）”，第四段中的“Part of the issue is that the government did not anticip
98、ate the steep increase in airline travel so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.（部分问题是，政府没有预料到航空旅行的急剧增加，所以运输安全管理局现在正抓紧让新的安检人员上线。）”，以及第五段中的“There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck progra
99、m.（美国运输安全管理局可以采取一个步骤，即不需要改造机场或匆忙招聘：让更多的人加入PreCheck计划。）”，可知美国人为了安全，愿意容忍耗时的安全协议，为了加强安全，机场等待时间变长，政府也正抓紧让新的安检人员上线，作者也提出让更多的人加入PreCheck计划减少安检等待时间，说明美国人对安全很看重，紧紧把握住安全线，C项“卡在安全线里”符合文意。故选C项。Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sent
100、ence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding m
101、an who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together._47_Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curio
102、us and asked in discontent, “ Why? Why? Why? ”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent dont have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them. “ The great man,” said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his childs heart. “Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. _48_We
103、 just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrib
104、le it would have been, had we missed the chance. _49_How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldnt arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement
105、.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You havent any special ability? Most people dont; there are only a few geniuses. You havent any time? _50_Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Toms Cabin while cooking. Youre too old? Remember Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his
106、first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for youll never be more alive than you are at this moment.A. We stop challenging custom.B. Thats good, because its always the people with no time
107、 who get things done.C. Either curiosity or discontent makes human being move forward.D. These deep human urges count for much more than ambition.E. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.F. Discontent made the great names unsatisfied.【答案】4
108、7. D 48. A 49. E 50. B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素好奇心和不满足。【47题详解】根据前一段“I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.（我从来没有见过一个杰出的人同时缺乏这两样东西。我也从没见过一个普通人同时拥有这两样东西。这两者是相辅相成的。）和空后“Galileo was not merely ambitious wh
109、en he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “ Why? Why? Why? ”（伽利略不仅仅是雄心勃勃，他从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体，并定时将它们落地。像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问:“为什么?”为什么?为什么?”）可知，空处谈论的是好
110、奇心和不满足在促进成功方面所起到的重要作用。根据选项可知，选项D. These deep human urges count for much more than ambition.( 这些人类深层的欲望比野心重要得多。) 承上启下，符合题意。故选D。【48题详解】根据空前 “We are born with them and need only recapture them.（我们生来就有好奇心和不满足，我们只需要重新抓住它们。）和We stop asking questions.（我们不再问问题。）”和空后”We just follow the crowd.（我们只是随大流。）“可知，空处
111、表示我们停止感到不满足。结合选项可知，选项A. We stop challenging custom.( 我们不再挑战习俗了。)与前一句呼应，都是我们不再充满好奇心和不满足的具体表现，该空承上启下，符合题意。故选A。【49题详解】根据空前“Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. （我们中的大多数人在遇到新朋友、
112、新想法时都很犹豫。但一旦我们认识了他们并喜欢上了他们，我们就会想，如果我们错过了这个机会，那将是多么可怕的事情。）”可知，空处谈论的是为了避免这种遗憾的发生，我们需要做的事情。根据选项可知，选项E. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.( 我们可能不得不强迫自己唤醒我们的好奇心和不满，并让它们保持清醒。)承接上文，符合题意。故选E。【50题详解】根据空前“One way to begin is to answer your own e
113、xcuses. You havent any special ability? Most people dont; there are only a few geniuses. You havent any time? （开始的一个方法是回答你自己的借口。你没有什么特殊能力吗?大多数人没有;天才只有几个。你没有时间吗?）可知，空处需回答空前问题。根据选项可知，选项B. Thats good, because its always the people with no time who get things done.( 这很好，因为总是那些没有时间的人来完成任务。)承上启下，此处no time
114、与前一句havent any time呼应。故选B。IV. Summary Writing51. Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Vacations are a chance to take break from work, see the world and enjoy time with family. But do t
115、hey make you happier? Researchers from the Netherlands set out to measure the effect that vacations have on overall happiness and how long it lasts. They studied happiness levels among 1, 530 Dutch adults, 974 of whom took a vacation during the 32-week study period. The study showed that the largest
116、 lift in happiness comes from the simple act of planning vacation. In the study, the effect of vacation expectation lifted happiness for eight weeks.After the vacation, happiness quickly dropped back to baseline levels for most people. How much stress or relaxation a traveler experienced on the trip
117、 appeared to influence post-vacation happiness. There was no post-trip happiness benefit for travelers who said the vacation was “neutral” or “stressful.”Surprisingly, even those travelers who described the trip as “relaxing” showed no additional jump in happiness after the trip. “They were no happi
118、er than people who had not been on holiday,” said the lead author, Jeroen Nawijn, tourism research lecturer at Breda University. The only vacationers who experienced an increase in happiness after the trip were those who reported feeling “very relaxed” on their vacation. Among those people, the vaca
119、tion happiness effect lasted for just two weeks after the trip before returning to baseline levels.One reason vacations dont increase happiness after the trip may have to do with the stress of returning to work. And for some travelers, the holiday itself was stressful. “In comments from people, the
120、thing they mentioned most referred to disagreements with a travel partner or being ill,” Mr. Nawijn said.Since most of the happiness boost comes from planning and expecting a vacation, the study suggests that people may get more out of several small trips a year than one big vacation, Mr Nawijn said
121、._【答案】According to researchers from the Netherlands, happiness comes from planning a vacation But after the vacation, happiness drops. Even those who feel very relaxed, happiness lasts for only two weeks. Returning to work and the stress in holiday contribute to it. The study suggests it will make y
122、ou happier if you divide a big vacation into small ones.【解析】分析】本文是一篇概要写作。【详解】概要写作首先要通读全文内容，通晓文章大意；然后提炼语言；最后用高度概括性的句子表达出全文内容。本文主要写出三点：一、研究表明，假期可以提升幸福感；二、假期过后，幸福感会回落。返回工作的压力和假期的压力是幸福感回落的原因；三、提出了解决办法，主要是把一个大假期分成小假期，会更快乐。结合三个要点即可写出本概要。【点睛】本文要点齐全，语言概括性强，文中使用了定语从句：Even those who feel very relaxed, happine
123、ss lasts for only two weeks.动名词作主语Returning to work and the stress in holiday contribute to it. 等让文章增色不少。文章语句长短结合，错落有致，语句自然。V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 虽然网上的信息应有尽有，但要辨别真伪也绝非易事。(available) (汉译英）【答案】Although all ki
124、nds of information are available online，it is no easy job/task to tell/judge which is true【解析】【详解】考查形容词，连词，时态和从句。分析句子可知，陈述事实要用一般现在时。根据汉语提示可知，本句需用although “虽然”引导让步状语从句，从句的主语是all kinds of information“各种各样的信息”， available可得到的，作表语，陈述事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是复数意义，be动词需用are；主句需用固定句型：it is no easy job/task to do
125、sth.做某事绝非易事，固定句型，此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，tell/judge辨别，其后需用which is true“哪一个是真的”作宾语，句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为：Although all kinds of information are available online，it is no easy job/task to tell/judge which is true。53. 这些历经时间考验的经典作品总能开拓读者的视野。( stand) (汉译英）【答案】These classics that have stood the test of time can
126、always broaden the readers horizon.【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和时态。分析句子可知，本句需用现在完成时态。主语为These classics“这些经典作品”，谓语动词为 broaden“开拓”，can always总能，其后接动词原形，动词后需接宾语the readers horizon“读者的视野”，分析句子结构可知，主语these classics后需接定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词是stand历经，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，先行词是复数，所以定语从句的谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have stood，其后接宾语the test of time
127、 “时间的考验”，主语指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词that，句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为：These classics that have stood the test of time can always broaden the readers horizon。54. 以其捐款人命名的那个图书馆，定期邀请名人作讲座，吸引了许多市民的参与。(name) (汉译英）【答案】The library named after its donators regularly invites famous people to give lectures，attracting man
128、y citizens to participate in them【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态的用法。分析句子可知，句子主语是图书馆，“以其捐款人命名的”作后置定语，“以.命名”可以表示为be named after，所以用过去分词作后置定语。谓语动词是invite，句子讲的是现在的客观事实，所以用一般现在时，表示“吸引”用动词attract，与谓语动词之间没有连词，所以用现在分词形式。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：The library named after its donators regularly invites famous people to give lecture
129、s，attracting many citizens to participate in them55. 绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法，即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水手。(prevent) (汉译英）【答案】Most medical experts share the same opinion that the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease /prevent the disease from spreading is (for people) to wash (their) hands with s
130、oap and water.【解析】【详解】考查时态、同位语从句和动词不定式。由句意可知，此句指事实，可用一般现在时，固定搭配prevent sth.（阻止某事）/prevent from doing sth.（阻止干某事），主句主语Most medical experts ，主句谓语share，主句宾语 the same opinion， the same opinion可接一个由that引导的同位语从句，从句主语the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease/prevent the disease from sprea
131、ding（动词不定式短语to prevent the spread of the disease /prevent the disease from spreading作名词way的后置定语），从句谓语系动词is，从句表语 to wash (their) hands with soap and water，再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Most medical experts share the same opinion that the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease /prevent the disease f
132、rom spreading is (for people) to wash (their) hands with soap and water。. Guided Writing56. Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese._【答案】In China, to let their children avoid detours, parents try their best to arrange everything for their ch
133、ildren for fear that their children might be suppressed by various difficulties of real life in the future. This arrangement involves in deciding childrens education, work, marriage and parenting.Most parents do this out of good will, but excessive giving is not only useless, but also harmful. If th
134、ey are not careful, it will cause their children unlimited spiritual burden and seriously affect their growth and independence.Children are the continuation of their parents lives, but they are independent individuals who should have their own lives. Only children who live in respect can learn how t
135、o respect, have a good deal with their parents and have more happiness.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇图画作文，要求考生就一幅图反映的内容发表自己的看法。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：图画作文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 父母安排孩子的教育、工作、婚姻和育儿；2. 父母这样做的坏处；3. 父母要给予孩子尊重。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）try ones best to do sth.；be suppressed by sth
136、.；involve in doing sth.；cause sb.sth.；spiritual burden第三步：连词成句1. parents try their best to arrange everything for their children for fear that their children might be suppressed by various difficulties of real life in the future.2. This arrangement involves in deciding childrens education, work, mar
137、riage and parenting.3. If they are not careful, it will cause their children unlimited spiritual burden and seriously affect their growth and independence. (根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last
138、 but not least2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not onlybut (also), including, also3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because
139、, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking8.表选择：eitheror，or连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如they are independent individuals who should have their own lives这句话中用了who引导的定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如try ones best to do sth.，be suppressed by sth.，involve in doing sth.等，为文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
