1、2024/5/24虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood GRAMMER 语法 陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.祈使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一.语气的分类 虚拟语气If I were you,I would not leave her alone.His teacher suggested that he go to the library this afternoon.条件If 从句谓语形
2、式主句谓语形式过去现在未来过去时(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。过去完成时 would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.过去时2.should+V.3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原)1.表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气If I were a boy,I would join the army
3、.If I had a lot of moneyI would buy a villa.2.与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had过去分词,构成If I(we,you,he,they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might have 动词过去分词。If he _ more carefully,he_ the car accident yesterday.had drivenwould not have hadIf I _ how to swim then,I _ trapped in that island.had learn
4、twould not have been3.与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I(we,you,he,they)动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might 动词原形。If he got up early tomorrow,he would get there on time.二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。I wish 与现在事实相反 过去式 I wish I were you.与将来事实
5、相反 could/would+动词原形 I wish I could fly to the moon one day.与过去事实相反 过去完成时 I wish I could have finished my homework yesterday.I wish it would rain tomorrow.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。三、as if/as though由as if(as though)或even though(even though)引导的状语从句表示比
6、较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had过去分词”。as if 如果从句表示与现在事实相反 一般过去时。He behaves as if heowned the house.从句表示与过去事实相反 had过去分词 He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting从句表示与将来事实相反 wouldcouldmight动词原形 He talks as if(as though)he would go to America tomorrow.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I w
7、ere a stranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.He talks about Rome as though he hadbeen there himself.1.It is(high/about)time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略四、虚拟语气在其他从句中It is high time that you went /should go to school.2.If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,
8、应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!五、表示“建议、要求、命令”意义的各种从句中advise suggest propose insist request recommend demand require urge intend order command 这些词从句谓语用虚拟语气 should do，should 可省略。例如：He insisted that John should do this job.The union demanded the w
9、age be raised by 20%.We suggested the meeting not be postponed.3.would rather+从句 动词用过去式表是对现在或将来的虚拟或用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.六、虚拟语气在其他从句中 It is suggested that It is required that It is advised that It is demanded that It is requested that 以上从句中谓语部分用(should)+动词原型 It is natural that It is important that It is necessary that It is strange that It is a pity/a shamethat 以上从句中谓语部分用(should)+动词原型