1、Unit Eighteen.重点词汇必背 每个单元20个，其中重点单词15个，重点短语5个。.核心词汇运用 从本单元的重点词汇中选出核心单词7个和核心短语3个进行了精讲。.语法突破对高考的各语法知识点进行精讲，并对该考点进行分析和训练。或.题型突破 对高考中的题型的进行分析，对它的解法进行归纳，并对该题型进行针对性训练。.作文模板必背 针对高考各话题列出模板，供考生记忆。另配有【冲刺练】单元综合练习是对命题的一种预测和对高考试题的提前演练。一、重点单词1.forbid fbid v.禁止；不许2.force f:s v.强迫，迫使；夺取 n.力；力量；势力；威力；武力3.foreign f:r
2、n adj.外国的4.forget fget v.忘记；遗忘；忘掉5.forgive fgiv v.原谅，宽恕6.fortunate f:tnit adj.幸运的；侥幸的7.fortune f:t:n n.大量财产；运气；财富；成功8.freedom fri:dm n.自由9.freeze fri:z v.（使）结冰；（使）凝固；（使）冻僵；愣住；冷藏；冻结10.frighten fraitn v.使惊恐，吓唬11.function fkn n.作用，功能；职责 v.运转，起作用12.furniture f:nit n.（总称）家具；装备13.garage gra:n.汽车修理厂；汽车库；汽车
3、间14.gather g v.聚集，采集，收集15.generous denrs adj.慷慨的；宽大的；大方的；丰富的二、重点短语16.get on well with sb.与某人相处融洽17.get to 到达18.give up 放弃，戒掉19.glance at 看一下，瞥一眼20.go shopping/swimming购物、游泳构词 forbiddance n.禁止，禁令用法 forbid sb.to do 禁止某人做 Forbidden City 紫禁城，故宫例句 I forbid you to call me late at night.我禁止你在深夜给我打电话。操练 根据句
4、子要求，完成句子。(1)这间办公室禁止吸烟。Smoking _ in this office.(2)我的父母不许我在外面过夜。My parents _ me _ stay out at night.(3)他不许离开国家。He _ from leaving the country.Keys:(1)is forbidden(2)forbid,to(3)is forbidden一、重点单词 1.forbid v.禁止；不许 2.force v.强迫，迫使；夺取 n.力；力量；势力；威力；武力 构词 forceful adj.有力的，强烈的 用法 force sb.to do sth.强迫做come
5、into force 开始生效，开始实行 例句 No power on earth could force me to do it.谁也不能强迫我做这事。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)如果有必要的话，我们会用武力解决这个问题。Well settle the problem _ if necessary.(2)新法规下月实施。The new law _ next month.(3)农业劳动力正在不断减少。The farm _ is running down steadily.Keys:(1)by force(2)comes into force(3)labor force3.forget
6、v.忘记；遗忘；忘掉 构词 过去式:forgot 过去分词:forgotten/forgotforgetful adj.健忘的；疏忽的 forget-me-not 勿忘我（花）用法 forget doing sth.做了某事而把它忘记了 forget to do 要做而忘记做 例句 That was a moment that I shall never forget.那个时刻我永远不会忘记。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)我几乎忘记付电话费用。I almost _ pay the phone bill.(2)我忘了我做过作业。I _ my homework.Keys:(1)forget
7、to(2)forgot doing4.fortune n.大量财产；运气；财富；成功 构词 fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately adv.幸运地，侥幸地fortune-teller 算命者 用法 make a fortune 发财try ones fortune 碰运 例句 Ye Bo had made a fortune in beef.叶波靠卖牛肉发财了。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)他在另一个城市碰碰运气。He _ in another city.(2)他梦想发大财。He dreamed of _ a fortune.(3)他真是一个幸运儿。He is
8、really a _.Keys:(1)tried his fortune(2)making(3)child of fortune5.freedom n.自由 构词 free adj.自由的；免费的v.释放；使自由；使摆脱freely adv.自由地 用法 struggle for freedom 为自由而斗争freedom of speech 言论自由set sth.free 释放 例句 Please set the bird free.请把鸟放掉吧。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)约翰布朗为争取自由而献出自己的一切。John Brown devoted himself to the st
9、ruggle _.(2)他不能自由地选择他自己的事业。He was not _ choose his own career.(3)他的年老双亲无忧无虑。His elderly parents are _ care.Keys:(1)for freedom(2)free to(3)free from6.freeze v.（使）结冰；（使）凝固；（使）冻僵；愣住；冷藏；冻结 n.冷藏；冻结 构词 过去式:froze 过去分词:frozen 用法 freeze to death 冻死freeze with cold 冷得结冰freeze with fright 吓呆 例句 I will freeze
10、the fish and save it for later.我要把这条鱼冻上，留着过后吃。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)退休工人要求冻结物价。The retired workers demanded a _ prices.(2)低温会把我的花冻死。The low temperature will _ my flowers.(3)警卫喊道：“不许动。”The guarder shouted,“_”.Keys:(1)freeze on(2)freeze(3)Freeze 7.frighten v.使惊恐，吓唬 构词 frightened adj.受惊的frightening adj.令人恐
11、惧的；令人害怕的 用法 frighten sb.to death 把某人吓得要死 be frightened at/with/by被某一突然出现的人或物所惊吓 例句 The child was frightened by the fierce dog.那个小孩被恶狗吓坏了。操练 根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)这真是一场令人恐惧的经历。Its really a _ experience.(2)这个受惊的孩子紧紧地抓着妈妈的胳膊。The _ child gripped his mothers arm.(3)他们百般恫吓，依然无效。They tried in vain to _ him _ thre
12、ats.Keys:(1)frightening(2)frightened(3)frighten,with二、重点短语比较 arrive in/at.=reach=get to 到达get to know 增进(彼此间的)了解例句 Keep straight on until you get to the church.一直朝前走，就到教堂了。操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)你必须准时赶到车站。You must _ the station on time.(2)你一旦了解她，就喜欢她了。Youll like her once you _ her.(3)让我们言归正传。Lets _ the p
13、oint.Keys:(1)get to/reach/arrive at(2)get to know(3)get to8.get to 到达9.give up 放弃，戒掉 比较 abandon 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。give up 普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。例句 You ought to give up smoking;I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。Those who _ themselves to despair can no
14、t succeed.(2)医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复得很好。The doctors had _ her _ but she made a remarkable recovery.(3)她不会轻易放弃的，因为她是真正的战士。She wont _ easily for shes a real fighter.Keys:(1)abandon(2)given,up(3)give up10.glance at 看一下，瞥一眼 比较 glance through 浏览glare at 向人瞪眼，怒目而视stare at 凝视 例句 He glanced at the envelope and
15、recognized his uncles handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。操练 填入适当的词组使句子完整。(1)她羞怯地偷看了他一下，随即垂下眼帘。She _ shyly _ him and then lowered her eyes.(2)盯着别人看是不礼貌的。It is rude to _ other people.(3)他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。They stood there,_ each other.Keys:(1)glanced,at(2)stare at(3)glaring at一、定语从句的概念及关系词 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 概念关系词
16、作用一个句子在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，这个句子就叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导定语从句；代替先行词；在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句；代替先行词；在从句中作状语。关系代词修饰句子成分which物主、宾that物主、宾人主、宾who人主、宾whom人宾whose物定人定 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词修饰句子成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语【注意】关系副词一般可以用“介词+关系代词which”替换。四、
17、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定语从句分类 形 式上意义上关系词的使用上限 制性 定语 从句主 从句 之间 没有 逗号是先行词不可缺少的 定 语,不能删。作宾语时可省略;可用that;可用who代替whom作宾语。非 限制 性定 语从句主 从句 间用 逗号 分开只是对先行词补充说 明,删后意思仍完整。作宾语时不可省略;指物时只用which;指人作宾语时只用whom。五、关系代词作介词宾语的定语从句 介词和关系代词引导的定语从句的几种情况情况介词可提前:动词和介词分开,意思清楚。介词不能提前:动词和介词分开没有原词组的意思。介词+关系代词which常用来代替关系副词。some,any,non
18、e,both,all,neither,most,each,few+of+关系代词表“其中的”。六、关系代词as,which引导非限制性定语从句的对比 差异共同处在非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。不同处as引导的非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前,或后,甚至可放在中间;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后。as有“正如,正像”之意。先行词有such,the same修饰时,常用as。七、定语从句和同位语从句的对比 定语从句同位语从句从句意思不完整。从句意思完整。that是关系代词,代替先行词,在从句中作主语或宾语。that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成
19、分。从句修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定语的性质或特征。从句说明名词的内容。that作宾语时可省略。that不能省略。几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。一般只有抽象名词才能带同位语从句。八、关系代词that和which的用法对比 that/which通用处不可通用处用that的情况 修饰物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等时。先行词有every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词有the v
20、ery,the only,the same,the last等修饰时。先行词既有人,也有物时。先行词前面有which疑问词时。关系代词在从句中作表语时。在非限制性定语从句中。用which的情况作介词宾语时。一个句子中若有两个定语从句,一个用that引导,另一个则用which引导。【定语从句高考考点分析】下面是近几年高考题对定语从句的考查。通过这些题,我们来分析一下定语从句的用法和考点主要分布情况。1.(2014年全国卷)Maybe you leave a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.【分析】that/which。关系代词that/which在定语
21、从句中作主语,先行词是a habit。2.(2015年全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65(painting).【分析】64.that/which。关系代词that/which在定语从句中作主语,先行词是the limestone mountain tops and dark waters。
22、3.(2016年全国卷 )But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【分析】65.when。非限制性定语从句,先行词是the mid-1980s。【定语从句高考考点分析】4.(2017年全国卷)Like anything,it
23、is possible to have too much of both,70 is not good for the health.【分析】70.which。考查非限制性定语从句。句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。5.(2018年全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showe
24、d a mere five to 10 minutes.【分析】66.which/that。考查定语从句。先行词是前面中的a study在定语从句中作主语,故填which/that。从近几年的高考题中可以看出:定语从句的基本用法要掌握,既考关系代词,也考关系副词。注意复习定语从句中的句子成分。【定语从句同步练习】用适当的关系词填空。1.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.where(引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。)2.Iv
25、e become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.who(引导定语从句并在从句中作met的宾语,先行词是表示人的students,故用关系代词who。注意:先行词与关系代词之间被in my school分隔开了,要注意分辨。)3.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,is named after his grandfather.which(引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中作
26、主语,先行词是village school。)4.I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses fault.that(引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词something指事物,多用that。)【定语从句同步练习】5.Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.whose(引导定语从句并在从句中作定语,意思是“这台新机器的零部件小得看不清”,故用whose。)6.I saw this beautiful girl,smile just melted me
27、and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.whose(引导非限制性定语从句,指“那个女孩的”微笑。)7.The long history of the Chinese Knot dates back to ancient times people first used knots for fastening,wrapping,hunting and fishing.when(引导定语从句,指代ancient times。)8.They will fly to Washington,
28、they plan to stay for two or three days.where(先行词为地点名词,并在定语从句中作状语。)【定语从句同步练习】9.This is the very book I am looking for.that(先行词由the very修饰事物时,只能用关系代词that。)10.All glitters is not gold.that(先行词是指物的all时,关系代词只能用that。)11.Ill never forget the day I spent my holiday in Hawaii.when(先行词是表示时间的词,且在定语从句中作状语,相当于o
29、n which,故用关系副词。)12.Ill never forget the day I spent there.which/that(虽然先行词是表示时间的词,但在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故用关系代词。)【定语从句同步练习】13.The school I learned English was very large.where(先行词是表示地点的词,且在定语从句中作状语,用关系副词。)14.The school I visited yesterday was very large.which/that(虽然先行词是表示地点的词,但在定语从句中作visited的宾语,故用关系代词。)1
30、5.Can you tell me the reason you were absent today?why(先行词是reason,在定语从句中作状语,相当于for which,故用关系副词why。)16.The reason he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to.which/that(先行词虽然是reason,但在定语从句中作gave的宾语,故用关系代词。)高考话题：合作产生力量-三个臭皮匠胜过一个诸葛亮（演讲稿）Ladies and gentlemen,Its my honor to give a spe
31、ech here.In my opinion,this proverb“Two heads are better than one”means making things easier by teamwork,which reveals the significance of cooperation.Once we were given a complicated physics problem and were expected to work it out whatever the way was.Naturally，everyone in our class was eager to b
32、e the first to finish it.Considering that I was good at identifying the physical principles and my friend Joe was better at performing complex calculations,we decided to work together.Magically，we solved the problem efficiently and even were better than the top student who chose to work alone.This experience really impressed me a lot.So always keep in mind that cooperation not only contributes to greater working efficiency but also explores our potential.Thank you!(108 words)