1、第二部分语法专题专题一专题十五专题十一 并列句1(2016北京卷)I am not afraid of tomorrow,_ I have seen yesterday and I love today.2(2015北京卷)He is a shy man,_ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.3(2014天津卷)Give me a chance,_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.4(2014北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,_ plant
2、s can spread to new places.答案与解析1for 句意：我不惧怕明天，因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。本题考查并列连词。根据语境可知，前后分句为因果关系，故答案为 for。2but/yet 句意：他是一个腼腆的人，但是他不害怕任何事，也不害怕任何人。根据句意可知前后两个分句为转折关系，故用 but/yet。3and 句意：给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。本题考查特殊句式中的“祈使句and陈述句”句式。故填 and。4so 句意：一些动物将种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，因此植物可以传播到新的地方。设空处前后两个分句之间为因果关系，故填并列连词 so。并列句由两个或两个以
3、上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。常见的并列连词1and(1)and 作并列连词，意为“和，并且”，当连接三个或三个以上并列的成分时，一般在最后两者之间加 and，其余用逗号分开。He bought a book and a pen.他买了一本书和一支笔。Solid,liquid and gas are the three states of matter.固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。(2)go(come,stop 等)and动词，and动词相当于 in order to动词。Ill go and bring bac
4、k your boots.Ill go in order to bring back your boots.我去把你的靴子拿来。(3)“and同一动词”表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”。We waited and waited.我们等呀等。(4)“祈使句and陈述句”相当于“if 从句主句”。Work hard and you will succeed.If you work hard,you will succeed.努力工作，你就会成功。One more time(Give me one more time)and I will succeed.If you give me one mo
5、re time,I will succeed.再给我一次机会，我就会成功。2or(1)or 表示选择，意为“或，还是”。Would you prefer tea or coffee?你喜欢茶还是咖啡？Are you going to America by boat or by air?你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机？(2)“祈使句or(else)陈述句”相当于“if.not主句”。Hurry up,or youll be late for school.If you dont hurry up,youll be late for school.赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了。Dress warmly,o
6、r else youll catch cold.穿暖和点，否则你会感冒的。3表示对比、转折关系的并列连词有 but,yet,whereas,while等。Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now.简说她生病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.有一些研究结果令人满意，然而其
7、他的则不然。此外 but 还可用于“Im sorry but.”，“Excuse me but.”句型中。I am sorry but I wont be able to come tonight.对不起我今晚不能来。4表示因果关系的并列连词有 so,for 等。It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都是湿的。The shops were closed,so I didnt get any milk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。5when 也可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at
8、this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb.was doing sth.when.；sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when.;sb.had just done sth.when.。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时有人闯了进来。We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。I had just finished my homewor
9、k when Tom came to me.我刚写完作业，Tom 就来找我了。6表示并列关系的有 both.and.，not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等。He spoke with both kindness and understanding.他说话既亲切又明事理。The point is not who said the words,but whether they are true or not.关键不是谁说了这些话而是这些话是不是对的。Either you are mad or I am.(Either you ar
10、e mad or I am mad.)不是你疯了就是我疯了。Neither Tom nor Helen is hardworking.汤姆和海伦都不勤奋。Not only men but also women were chosen.选中的不仅有男性还有女性。.单句语法填空1The young man wanted to help the dog,_ as he approached,the dog started to bark.2During the first three years children learn the basic skills they will use in all
11、 their later learning both at home _ at school.3The teacher,Sanela,agreed almost immediately,_ on the first day of school,she noticed Zejd sitting all by himself,unable to communicate with any of his classmates.4They quickly gave me the gun _ asked me if I had heard the tiger.5The number of people i
12、nvited was fifty,_ a number of them were absent for different reasons.6Lets keep to the point _ we will never reach any decision.7It has been separated from other continents for millions of years,_ it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.8I have never been to R
13、ome _ thats the city Id most like to visit.9Where have you been all day?We met some lovely children _ we couldnt get away from them until it was dark.10White-collar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement age _ blue-collar workers prefer to retire early.11I would have been able to
14、catch the first flight home,_ my watch betrayed me.12Thanks for your advice,_ this is something I have to figure out myself.13My partner wants to keep the company small _ Id like to expand it.答案与解析1but/yet 句意：那个年轻人想帮助那条狗，但是当他接近时，那条狗开始叫。设空处前后为转折关系，故用 but 或 yet连接。2and 句意：在前 3 年，孩子们学会了以后在家里和在学校学习中所需要用的
15、基本技能。根据本句中的 both 可知设空处应填 and，构成“both.and.”结构。3but/yet 句意：那位老师 Sanela 几乎立即同意了，但在开学的第一天，她注意到 Zejd 自己独自坐在那里，不能与他的任何同班同学交流。设空处前后为转折关系，故用 but 或 yet 连接。4and 句意：他们迅速给了我那支枪并问我是否听到过那只老虎的叫声。前后为顺承关系，故用 and 连接。5but/yet 句意：被邀请的人数是 50，但他们中的很多人由于不同原因缺席了。前后两个分句为转折关系，故用 but/yet连接。6or 句意：让我们谈主题吧，否则我们永远不会作出任何决定。or 意为“
16、否则”。7so 句意：由于与其他大陆分开了好几百万年，因此那里有许多在世界别的地方找不到的植物和动物。前后两句为因果关系，故答案为 so。8but/yet 句意：我从未去过罗马，但那是我最想去的城市。前后两句为转折关系，故答案为 but/yet。9and 句意：你们一整天都去哪里了？我们遇到了一些可爱的孩子，直到天黑了我们还不忍离开他们。前后两个分句应用 and 连接。10while 句意：在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领却更希望早退休。并列连词 while 在此处表示对比。11but 句意：我本来能够赶上第一个航班回家的，但我的手表不准了。前后两分句为转折关系，故用并列连词 but。12b
17、ut/yet 句意：谢谢您的建议，但这是只有我自己才能解决的事情。根据句意可知，此处表示转折，所以填 but/yet。13while 句意：我的合伙人想把公司保持在一个小的规模而我却想扩大它的规模。空格前后两个分句之间是对比关系，应该用 while 连接，意为：而，然而。.单句改错1There the air is clean or the mountains are green._2Success,to a great extent,can be influenced by luck,and this is not to say luck is an accident._3When I wa
18、s on the platform,and I was so nervous that much sweat was on my forehead._4In fact,I dont like to go anymore,so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship._5One Monday afternoon,we were playing basketball in the playground while I suddenly slipped and fell over._6Although we allow tomato plants to grow in
19、 the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems._7A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset._8The more friends we have,the more we can learn from one another,but the more pleasure we can share together._9We ran to escape but fo
20、rtunately no one was injured._10I hope youll soon feel calm or carry on to achieve your goal._答案与解析1or 改为 and 句意：那里空气新鲜并且群山翠绿。连词用法错误。前后句为并列关系，故用连词 and。2and 改为 but 句意：成功在很大程度上受运气的影响，但这并不是说运气是一种偶然。前后部分为转折关系，故将 and改为 but。3去掉 and 句意：当我站在舞台上时，我如此紧张以至于汗水浸满了额头。本句中从属连词和并列连词不能同时使用，故将 and 去掉。4so 改为 but 上一分句：我
21、不想再去；下一分句：我怕失去他们的友谊，两个分句之间有转折关系，故把 so 改成 but。5while 改为 when 句意：某个周一的下午，我们正在操场上打篮球，突然我滑了一跤摔倒了。be doing sth.when.为常用句型，意为：正在做某事这时。其中 when 相当于 and at that time。6but 改为 yet 或者去掉 but 连词 although 不能和 but 连用，因为这两个词都是连词，不能一起连用。可以把 but 改为副词 yet。7but 改为 and 根据句意可知，前后句是顺接关系，所以使用 and。句意：一位乘客找不到自己的票，心里很难受。8but 改为 and 根据句意可知，前后句是并列关系，故使用 and 连接。9but 改为 and 根据语境可知表示并列关系。句意：我们四处逃跑，很幸运的是没有人受伤。10or 改为 and 句意：我希望你很快就会感到平静一些，继续实现你的目标。前后不是选择关系，故将 or 改为 and。