1、第一部分必修4 Unit 3.阅读理解(2021年山东济南教学质量检测)Clara packed her things at the Patent Office and went to her boss.“Its been a pleasure working with you, but Im quitting my job.” She turned and left.“What are you doing home so early？” asked her sister Sally.“The Civil War is taking its toll on the Union soldiers
2、.I need to help them.”Sally chewed her lips and looked around the room.“Im going with you.”The two volunteered at the Washington Hospital.After several months, Clara became unsettled.“Sally, this isnt enough.I need to help the soldiers in the field and on the front lines.Im leaving in the morning.”S
3、allys brows rose into her forehead.“Clara! You cant.Its too dangerous.”“The front line soldiers who need help are in greater danger.”Clara got donations where she could and used her own savings to buy supplies.She traveled from battle to battle with three army wagons.She also organized men to give f
4、irst aid, carry water, and prepare food for the wounded.After many months of battlefield after battlefield, Clara told her friend Rachel.“I finally received official permission to bring supplies to battlefields.The wounded soldiers are so appreciative of all I do, theyve named me the Angel of the Ba
5、ttlefield.”“Thats wonderful，” said Rachel.“You certainly deserve the recognition.Youre one of the bravest women I know.”After the Civil War ended, Clara went to Europe to rest her body and mind.So many years of helping soldiers and their families had worn her down.While visiting Switzerland, Clara l
6、earned of the International Red Cross.Its mission to help war victims around the world aroused Claras interest and excitement.It also sparked an idea.When she returned home, Clara worked to establish an American Red Cross.She even met with President Hayes to discuss it.Finally, on May 21, 1881, the
7、American Red Cross was formed.A month later, Clara was elected president of the organization.()1.Where did Clara first volunteer to help the Union soldiers?ASwitzerland.BThe Patent Office.CThe front lines.DThe Washington Hospital.()2.Which of the following words best describe Claras character?AFearl
8、ess and devoted.BGenerous and energetic.CHumorous and brave.DConsiderate and confident.()3.What is the text mainly about?AThe suffering brought by the Civil War.BThe development of the American Red Cross.CWomens contributions to the American Peace.DA great woman who introduced Red Cross into the USA
9、.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了勇敢的克拉拉巴顿在美国内战时期的感人故事。1D细节理解题。根据第五段中“The two volunteered at the Washington Hospital.”可知，两人在华盛顿医院做志愿者。由此可知，克拉拉一开始在华盛顿医院帮助北方军的。故选D项。2A推理判断题。根据第六段“Sallys brows rose into her forehead.Clara! You cant.Its too dangerous.”和第七段“The front line soldiers who need help are in greater danger.”由
10、此可推知，克拉拉不顾危险，要前往前线帮助士兵，说明她是个无畏的人；以及第八段“Clara got donations where she could and used her own savings to buy supplies.She traveled from battle to battle with three army wagons.She also organized men to give first aid, carry water, and prepare food for the wounded.”可知，Clara在力所能及的地方募集捐款，并用自己的积蓄购买用品。她带着三
11、辆军用马车从一个战场赶到另一个战场。她还组织了一些人给伤者进行急救、挑水和准备食物。由此可推知，克拉拉是个有奉献精神的人。故选A项。3D主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知，回到家后，克拉拉努力建立了一个美国红十字会。她甚至会见了海斯总统讨论这个问题。最终，在1881年5月21日，美国红十字会成立。一个月后，海斯被选为该组织的主席。结合本文主要讲了克拉拉勇敢地帮助受伤的士兵，最后建立了美国红十字会。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一位把红十字会引入美国的伟大妇女。故选D项。B(2021年广东省广州八区调研考试)Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel bette
12、r because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling with you.Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry(模仿) allows us to experience other peoples feelings.If we cant mirror another persons face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions.A review of t
13、his emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves.
14、For example, if youre with a friend who looks sad, you might “try on” that sad face yourself without realizing youre doing so.In “trying on” your friends expression, it helps you to recognize what theyre feeling by connecting it with times in the past when you made that expression.Humans get this em
15、otional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds.“You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you produce some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate actionyou approach the person or you av
16、oid the person，” Niedenthal says.“Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your understanding of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.”A persons ability to recognize and “share” others emotions can be prevented when they cant mimic fac
17、es.This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases, like facial paralysis(瘫痪) from a stroke, or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery(整形外科)Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from birth, because if youve never had the ability to mimic facial expre
18、ssions, you will have developed another ways of interpreting emotions.Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition.A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.()4.Acco
19、rding to the passage, facial mimicry helps _.Aconvey ones own feelings clearlyBchange others emotions quicklyCrespond to others expressions properlyDdevelop friendship with others easily()5.Which parts explain how people copy others facial expressions?AParagraph 1 and 2.BParagraph 2 and 3.CParagraph
20、 3 and 4.DParagraph 4 and 5.()6.According to Niedenthal, what will be the next focus of the study?AWhen is the best time to treat brain disorders.BHow many kinds of facial expressions people have.CHow our brain helps us with emotional mirroring.DWhat part in the brain helps recognize facial expressi
21、ons.()7.What is the purpose of writing the passage?ATo discuss why people like smiling to others.BTo draw peoples attention to those with motor diseases.CTo introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition.DTo explain how people mirror others facial expressions.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了人们是如何进行面部模
22、仿的，并指出自闭症是由于缺乏面部模仿，更好地理解大脑哪些部分有助于面部识别能更好地理解如何治疗相关的疾病。4C推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句“If we cant mirror another persons face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions.”可推知，面部模仿有助于对别人的面部表情做出合理反应。故选C项。5B段落大意题。第二段第一句提到“威斯康星大学的社会心理学家Paula Niedenthal和Adrienne Wood在他们的论文中描述了人们在社交场合是如何通过模仿别人
23、的面部表情来产生情绪反应的”，接着举例说明，第三段内容Niedenthal 进一步解释“你会反思自己的情感感受，然后做出某种认可判断，而最重要的结果是你采取了适当的行动接近那个人或者避开那个人”。所以文章第2段和第3段解释了人们是如何模仿别人的面部表情的。故选B项。6D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition(Niedenthal接下来想要探索的是，大脑中哪些部分的功能有助于面部
24、表情识别)”可知，下一步研究的重点是大脑中哪些部分帮助识别面部表情。故选D项。7D目的意图题。通读全文，并结合第一段第二句“Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry (模仿) allows us to experience other peoples feelings(越来越多的证据显示，面部模仿的本能使我们让我们同情甚至是体验别人的感受)”可知，文章主要解释了人们是如何进行面部模仿的，所以目的是解释面部模仿。故选D项。.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2020年海南
25、省海口6月大联考)I always prided myself on being a wise shopper and having a good nose for bargains.So when I came across a sporting goods store with a sign “Going Out of Business Sale”， I marched into the crowded store.Up and down the aisles (通道), I wandered, humming to myself and enjoying the energy and e
26、xcitement of a sale.All of a sudden, there, at the back of the store sat a canoe(轻舟) exactly like my husbands dream Supremo Numero-Uno, whose picture had been stuck on the bathroom mirror for years.My heart beat wildly.I pushed my way through the crowds, and nearly fell into the canoe looking for th
27、e price tag.There it was, with the manufacturers suggested price at $6,750 plus tax crossed out and a handwritten TO CLEAR $750 AS IS.Must be a mistake.$6,000 off? Salesman.I had to talk to a salesman.I spotted a young fellow with a “Hi.Im Mathew.”“Mathew.Tell me about this El Supremo canoe.Whats wr
28、ong with it? Why is it only $750？”“Oh.Theres nothing wrong with it.Its brand new.Were closing the store.Its on clearance like everything else.Ill go check.” A few minutes later he came back and said, “Im sorry maam.Someone made a mistake on the sale tag.It should be $4,750 for the whole package.”I f
29、elt tears well up in my eyes.“Oh well，” I said sadly.“Of course, it was too good to be true.This is exactly like my husbands dreamboat.I guess I started to dream myself when I saw that price tag.Hes going to be 62 years old Friday.Had to retire early for his health.Its been hard on just the pension
30、but the stubborn old fool has been saving $10 every week for years to buy one just like this.I promise I wont buy anything, but its just an old mans silly dream, you know.Always said he wanted to fish in a canoe after he retired，” my voice lowered and I turned and walked away.注意：续写的词数应为150左右。I was a
31、lready at the mall door when Mathew caught up with me.“Do you have $750 plus $25 for delivery, maam？”_【答案】I_was_already_at_the_mall_door_when_Mathew_caught_up_with_me.“Do_you_have_$750_plus_$25_for_delivery,_maam？” “Yes.Yes.Thats about all I have，” “Well then, you just have your husband sitting at t
32、he front gate on Friday morning around 10 oclock, so he can be there when my Dad and I come to unload his new canoe.Well even put a bow on it for his birthday.” I started to cry.My old hand shook as I wrote out my cheque.“Maam.Theres something you should know.This store was my Grandpas and the canoe
33、 had been ordered by him.”_【答案】“Maam.Theres_something_you_should_know.This_store_was_my_Grandpas_and_the_canoe_had_been_ordered_by_him. He always promised to retire one day and said he wanted to spend time relaxing and out fishing in a canoe.” He swallowed hard.“My Grandpa died, sudden-like, just last week.He was only 68 years old.I think hed be mighty happy that your husband will get this canoe.You just have to make sure he uses it a lot, okay? Promise？” “I promise，” I said as I dashed off to look for my dear sweet husband.