1、(2011广东)BCan dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if the
2、y are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Twothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a re
3、ported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the s
4、ame signals submission.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk dog， and dogs can learn how to talk CatWhats interesting is that both cats and dogs
5、have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected. Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and
6、enjoy sleeping together in the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳理) each other.The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and do
7、gs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普知识文章。通过科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的。如果先收养猫并且猫不到6个月，狗不到一年，他们就能顺利地和平相处。通过观察他们不能和平相处的原因是他们之间误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能够相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。1. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.A. early B. sweetlyC.
8、 quickly D. smoothly解析考查推测词义。如果先收养猫并且猫不到6个月，狗不到一年，他们就能顺利的和平相处。2/3被采访的家庭也表明这样的结果。 答案D2. Some cats and dogs may fight when_.A. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each otherC. they misunderstand each others signalsD. they are introduced at an early age解析考查细节理解。根据第二段while aggression and
9、fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.可知选C。 答案C3. What is found surprising about cats and dogs?A. They eat and sleep togetherB. They observe each others behaviorsC. They learn to speak each others languageD. The
10、y know something from each others voice解析考查细节理解。根据文章第三段In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language.可知C正确。 答案C4. It is suggested in paragraph 4 that cats and dogs_.A. have common interests B. are less d
11、ifferent than was thoughtC. have a common body languageD. are less intelligent than was expected解析考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的They can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected.可知B正确。 答案B5. What can we human beings learn from cats and d
12、ogs?A. We should learn to live in harmonyB. We should know more about animalsC. We should live in peace with animalsD. We should learn more body languages解析考查推理判断。根据文章的最后一段可知，在动物王国，人们公认的猫和狗都能和平相处，何况人呢？ 答案APassage 1Attractive fathers do not pass their looks onto their sons but they will hand their go
13、od looks down to their daughters，research shows.In a study of family photographs，Professor David Perrett and Elisabeth Cornwellnow at the University of Colorado have found that while both father and mother can influence the attractiveness of their daughters，the couples good looks do not necessarily
14、contribute to the attractiveness of their son as an adult.Handsome men with masculine(阳刚的) looks are likely to pass on masculine features，but not facial attractiveness.The theory suggests it is not unusual for attractive parents to produce a beautiful daughter while failing to pass on the same good
15、looks to a son.While many celebrity mothers produce beautiful daughterssuch as Goldie Hawn and her daughter Kate Hudson or Jerry Hall and her daughter Georgiathe same is not necessarily true of celebrity fathers.Sean Stewart，the son of Rod Stewart and his first wife Alana，would probably be judged le
16、ss attractive than his model sister Kimberly.“We cant see a strong relationship between the parents attractiveness and the sons.If the parents are supermodels，their daughters will be lookers，”Perrett said.Prof Perrett said it has previously been suggested that a woman could increase her own reproduc
17、tive(繁殖的)success by choosing a goodlooking man whose genes would be passed onto male children.But the new study，published in the current edition of the journal Animal Behaviour，disagrees with the theory.He said：“When we looked at womans faces，we found clear evidence that attractiveness passed from b
18、oth father and mother to daughter.For the male line，we find that facial masculinity follows the rulelike fatherlike sonMasculine dads have masculine sons.But we did not find any evidence that facial attractiveness is passed from father to son.”【语篇解读】本文介绍父母的相貌对后代的影响，Perrett教授提出理论认为，父母美貌往往遗传给女儿而不会遗传给儿
19、子，而儿子往往只继承父亲阳刚的体魄。1Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AFather and mother can influence the attractiveness of their children.BHandsome fathers with masculine looks will not pass on masculine features.CThere is a strong relationship between the parents attractiveness and the daugh
20、ters.DIf the parents are supermodels，their sons will be goodlooking.解析 细节判断题。第二段介绍David Perrett 从事对家庭照片研究发现，父母都会影响女儿容貌，不会影响儿子的容貌，由此判断本题C项正确。答案C2What does the underlined word “lookers”in the fourth paragraph most probably mean?AOnlookers.BModels.CBeauties. DPassersby.解析 词义猜测题。根据David Perrett提出的原理，父母的
21、美貌遗传给女儿，所以如果父母是超级模特，他们的女儿就会貌美若仙，由此猜测looker是指貌美的女子。答案C3How many celebrity families are mentioned in the passage?AThree. BOne.CTwo. DFour.解析 细节理解题。第四段作者举例说明漂亮貌美的父母对女儿、儿子美貌的影响，其中有Goldie Hawn，Jerry Hall，她们的女儿都很漂亮，而Rod Stewart和他第一位妻子Alana生的儿子就不怎么漂亮。由此看出作者提到三位名人家庭。答案A4The passage is most likely to be foun
22、d in a book about_.Apopular science Bhistorical eventsCsuccessful people Dpolitical systems解析 确定文章所属类别(主题)。通读文章可知，短文主要探讨父母容貌遗传情况，所以文章应属于大众科学类。答案APassage 2(2011湖南长郡中学高三第四次月考)Even plant can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their
23、temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared (红外线)scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal
24、 was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂)spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest (害虫)problems.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a
25、 plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a colorcoded map showing where plants were running“fevers”. Farmers could then spotspray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that
26、Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and longterm backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no
27、doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，” says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson , who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade.
28、 But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.【语篇解读】本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了将原用于军事和卫星的红外线扫描技术运用于农业的前景，人们为此所做出的努力及遇到的困难。1Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are_.A. sprayed with pesticidesB. facing an infrared scannerC. in poor physical conditionD. exp
29、osed to excessive sun rays解析细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段第2行“.an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops.The data were transformed into a colorcoded map showing where plants were runningfevers”，说明植物在发“高烧”，也就是说，“身体状况”不佳时才会散发热，所以选项C符合题意。 答案C2In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use inf
30、rared scanning to_.A. estimate the damage to the cropsB. measure the size of the affected areaC. draw a colorcoded mapD. locate the problem area解析推理判断题。本题要求判断使用红外线扫描技术的目的。依据文章第二自然段第4行“.showing where plants were running feversFarmers could then spotspray，.”说明目的是确定有问题的区域，以使农民有针对性地喷杀虫剂。显然，选项D(确定有问题的地域)
31、为最佳选项。 答案D3Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by_.A. resorting to spotsprayingB. consulting infrared scanning expertsC. transforming poisoned rainD. detecting crop problems at an early stage解析细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段最后一句“Farmers could then spotspray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide tha
32、n they otherwise would”(采取点喷，农民们可以节省平时用量的50%至70%的杀虫剂)，选项A符合题意。 答案A4The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties_.A. the lack of official supportB. its high costC. the lack of financial supportD. its failure to help increase production解析推理判断题。依据文章第三自然段的第1句
33、“The bad news is that Palelys company closed down in 1984，after only three years.Farmers resisted the new technology and longterm backers were hard to find”，从中可以看出红外线扫描技术应用于农业遇到了一些问题，原因有两个：一是农民对新技术的抵制，二是难以找到长期赞助商。文章中还有一处明显的提示出现在最后一句：“But only if Palely finds the financial backing which he failed to
34、obtain 10 years ago”从该句提供的信息同样可以反推出10年前的情形，所以选项C正确。 答案C5Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of_.A. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceB. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on cropsC. the forceful promotion by the Depart
35、ment of AgricultureD. full support from agricultural experts 解析细节理解题。依据文章第三自然段第2行“But with the renewed concern about pesticide on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning，Palely hopes to get back into operation”，可知B项(出于对杀虫剂过度使用的担心)符合题意。 答案BPassage 3(2011苏锡常镇四市教学调查)If you see a student napping (
36、打瞌睡) in the library，dont roll your eyes.New research from the University of California，Berkeley，shows that an hours nap can considerably improve and restore your brain power.Indeed，the findings suggest that a nap not only refreshes the mind，but can make you smarter.“Sleep not only rights the wrong o
37、f extended wakefulness but it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap.”said Matthew Walker，an assistant professor of psychology at UC Berkeley and the lead investigator of UC Berkeley sleep studies.The latest study suggests that the brain may need sleep to process shortterm memories，cr
38、eating“space”for new facts to be learned.In their experiment,39 healthy adults were given a hard learning task in the morningwith broadly similar results，before half of them were sent for their nap.When the tests were repeated，the nappers improved their scores by 10 percent on average after sleeping
39、；the scores of those who didnt nap actually dropped by 10 percent.The results support previous data from the same research team that staying up all nighta common practice at college during midterms and finalsdecreases the ability to memorize new facts by nearly 40 percent，due to a shutdown of brain
40、regions for lack of sleep，said Walker.“Sleep is needed to clear the brains shortterm memory storage and make room for new information.”said Walker.“Its as though the email inbox in your brain is full and，until you sleep and clear out those emails，youre not going to receive any more emails.”However，P
41、rofessor Derk Jan Dijk，the director of the Surrey Sleep Research Centre，said that there was no clear evidence that daytime napping offered a distinct advantage over sleeping soundly just once over 24 hours.“The sleepwake cycle is not as fixed as we might thinkwe have the capability to sleep in diffe
42、rent ways.”said Professor DerkJan Dijk.“The size of these effects is much more difficult to judgeif I have to learn something，for example，its easier to do this when Im feeling awake and ready than when Im sleepy.”he added.语篇解读这是一篇科普文章，主要介绍了有关睡眠问题的两个研究。这两个研究共同的结论是：充足的睡眠有利于提高学习成绩。1According to UC Berk
43、eleys new findings，the benefit of a nap is that_.Ait helps to fix a nappers sleepwake cycleBit makes hard learning tasks not difficult any moreCit allows the brain to make room for new learningDit gives nappers chances to clear out their memory storage解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第一句和第五段第一句话Sleep is needed to c
44、lear the brains shortterm memory storage and make room for new information可知，C项正确。答案C2Matthew Walkers study shows that_.Alearning ability in the morning is usually higher than that in the afternoonBextra working hours before an exam can make up for the lack of daily effortsCthe size of the effects o
45、f napping depends on when it is takenDstaying up late before an exam does not necessarily improve students exam performance解析 推理判断题。由第四段可知，考试前熬夜可使记忆力降低将近40%，由此可推断，考试前熬夜看书不一定会提高考试成绩。答案D3The two research teams mentioned in the text may both agree that_.Apeoples sleepwake cycle decides the length of th
46、e midday napBsufficient sleep betters peoples learning performanceCscientific experiments are undependable as the results are often hard to judgeDthe differences in their findings result from different methods applied解析 推理判断题。通读全文内容，从文章前五段结合最后一段可知，两项研究都赞同的一点是：充足的睡眠有助于提高学习成绩。即B项正确。答案B4What can we lea
47、rn from this passage?ARolling your eyes can stop you from napping.BSome people might move themselves when sleeping.CCollege students tend to study late into night before important exams.DSleeping once over 24 hours is much better than daytime napping.解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The results support previous data from the same research team that staying up all nighta common practice at college during midterms and finals”可知C项正确，即大学生在重要的考试之前常学习到深夜。答案C