1、题型专项突破-Unit4 阅读理解（新闻篇）一、阅读理解1. The Internet is redrawing the media landscape and will be for decades to come, but traditional media will not be left out of the picture, two journalism professors of University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa argued. Ed Mullins, chairman of the Journalism Department, and Jim S
2、tovall, the founder of Dateline Alabama? the new website of the College of Communication and Information Sciences, agree that the future of the web is still a mystery, but argue that, in the near future, it will serve more as a helpmate to traditional media. “Nobody knows where the web is taking us,
3、 but when it comes to journalism, old media will be dominant players in the new media game, ” Mullins believes. “Some rating services report that most Americans go to sites operated by old-line media when looking for news on the web. ” Just as national old media dominate the web at that level, local
4、 old media run mostly by newspapers and, to a lesser degree, by television stations, dominate those markets. Is there a pattern here? Yes, say Mullins and Stovall. “At least in the first decade of the web, newspaper companies dominate web journalism, ” Mullins explains. “Why? They specialize in news
5、, and that gives them an advantage. What most readers go to websites for are news and e-mail, a form of person-to- person news, especially in the form of chatting. ” The reason for newspapers dominance in web journalism, Stovall points out, is that they have the biggest investment in news. “The Birm
6、ingham News, for example, with about 175 positions, has more journalists on its payroll than all of the states broadcast, cable, and webonly entities combined. ”(1) What role does the Internet play in journalism according to Paragraph 1?A. It dominates the media market.B. It is likely to threaten th
7、e future of traditional media.C. It becomes a helpful partner of print media.D. It revolutionizes journalism.(2) The following statements prove that old media still dominate web journalism EXCEPT_.A. people prefer traditional media when looking for newsB. old media have the most important position i
8、n local marketsC. newspaper companies have more control in web journalismD. few people go to websites to get news(3) Traditional media dominate web journalism because_.A. news and advertising are their only businessB. they invest more money in newsC. web companies dare not compete with themD. they e
9、njoy privileges in journalism(4) What is the best title for the passage?A. Internet wont eliminate print mediaB. Internet challenges traditional mediaC. Looking for news on the webD. Journalism should be dominated by web(5) What is the authors attitude towards the future of traditional media?A. Nega
10、tive. B. Critical.C. Concerned. D. Optimistic. 2.The first newspapers were written by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC. In the 700s the worlds first printed newspaper was published. Europe didnt have a regularly published newspaper
11、until 1609, when one was started in Germany.The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courant (每日新闻). It came out
12、 in March 1702.In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started The Boston Newsletter (波士顿新闻通讯), the first newspaper published in the American colonies. By 1760, the co
13、lonies had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1, 800 daily papers in the United States.Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation (发行量)in the world. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun (读卖新
14、闻). It sells more than 10 million copies every day.(1) The first daily newspaper came out in_.A. 59 BC B. 700s C. 1609 D. 1620(2) The first regularly published newspaper in Europe was printed in _.A. England B. Germany C. France D. Sweden(3) The first printed newspaper in America came out in_.A. Was
15、hington B. New YorkC. Boston D. New Orleans(4) Today there are about _daily newspapers printed in the United States.A.1, 621 B.1, 704 C.1, 760 D.1, 800(5) Which is NOT true according to the passage?A. The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam.B. English
16、 language newspapers sell more than 10 million copies every day.C. Europe didnt have a regularly published newspaper in 1608.D. The first daily English newspaper came out in March.3. As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you kno
17、w your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is
18、changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the informat
19、ion better. People in the first group knew they could find the formation again, so they did not try to remember it. In another experiment, the researchers gave facts to remember, and told them where to find the formation on the computer. The information was in a specify computer folder (文件夹). Surpri
20、singly, people later remembered the folder location (位置)better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆).According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a
21、result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories； that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is
22、 no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.(1) The passage begins with two questions to_.A. introduce the main topicB. show the authors attitude C. describe how to use the InternetD. remember how to find the information(2) In transactive memory, people _.A. keep the memory in mindB. change the
23、 quantity of informationC. organize information like a computerD. remember how to find the information(3) What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrows search?A. We are using memory differently.B. We are becoming more intelligent.C. We have poorer memories than before.D. We need a better
24、way to access information.4. Newspapers are one method of bringing the news to the public. Reporters, photographers, correspondents, and editors are some of the people who create newspapers. They are known as journalists. Reporters are journalists who go out and get the news. They attend meetings. T
25、hey cover events such as court cases, plays, and sporting events. They interview people to get their views about what is going on. Reporters must be able to write a story quickly so as to meet a deadline. People do not want to read old news. They want to know what is going on as soon as it happens.
26、Reporters sometimes phone or email their notes and quotations (引用语) to the paper from the scene. A reporter in the office then writes the story. A “stringer” is a parttime reporter who works when called upon. A fire might break out in one part of town. An editor may ask a stringer who lives near the
27、 scene to cover the story. Reporters often work with photographers, or photojournalists. Photojournalists take the pictures that illustrate (图解) the stories in a newspaper. They have to edit their pictures in time for them to appear with the story. A correspondent is a journalist who covers the news
28、 in a particular place or on a subject that he or she has special knowledge in. Large newspaper groups have correspondents in foreign countries to report the news there. A paper may have a correspondent who covers just medical news. An editor is a journalist who works at a desk in a newspaper office
29、. Editors prepare the reporters stories to be printed in the paper. They decide which story is most important and gets the frontpage headline. They decide which pictures to use. Editors do not often write the news, but they do write editorials (社论) in which they state their views on a topic or an is
30、sue. People who work as journalists have some things in common. They are curious, they like to write, and they have a “nose for news”They can spot news as it happens. They know what people want to read about. (1)The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refers to_. A. readers B. journalists C. repor
31、ters D. stringers(2) A journalist working abroad to report news may be called_. A. a stringer B. a photojournalistC. an editor D. a correspondent(3) According to the passage, both the reporter and the editor_. A. usually work in the officeB. decide which pictures to useC. have the ability to discove
32、r newsD. often write editorials for their paper(4) The passage is mainly written to_. A. introduce different posts and duties of journalistsB. describe the characters of journalistsC. explain how the news is collectedD. show how reporters work(5)Which of the following shows the structure of the pass
33、age?A. B. C. D. CP：Central Point P：PointSp：Subpoint (次要点) C：Conclusion参考答案：1. (1)-(5)CDBAD解析：(1) C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，因特网改变了传统的格局，但是传统的传媒并没出局，因特网成为传统传媒的助手。(2) D推理判断题。第二段和第三段指出了传统传媒业占据市场的种种依据。第二段尾句印证了A项，第三段第一句和第四句印证了B项和C项。(3) B细节理解题。最后一段第一句说报业垄断是因为 “they have the biggest investment in news。(4) A主旨大意题。本文主要
34、讲述传统的传媒(报纸)并未因为因特网的出现而被排挤出去。B项与全文意思相悖;C项和D项原文未提及。(5) D推理判断题。从全文可看出作者对传统传媒业的。2. (1)-(5)ABCDB(1) A细节理解题。由第一段第二句话“The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC.，可推知答案。(2) B细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Europe didnt have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany. ”可推知答案。(3
35、) C细节理解题。第三段第一句话“In 1690，Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston”表明C项为正确答案。(4) D细节理解题。第三段最后一句话提到现在美国有 大约1 800份日报，故D项正确。(5) B细节理解题。由最后一段我们可以看出，日本的读卖新闻发行量每天超过10 000 000份，而不是英语报纸。 3. (1)-(3)ADA解析：(1) A 推理判断题。文章只要讨论网络是否引起人们的大脑记忆事情的变化。作者首先用两个问题来引出话题，因此A项最佳。 (2) D 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“whe
36、n people use the internet, they do not remember the information. Rather they remember how to find it. ”可知，在这样的情况下，人们更容易记住怎样找到信息，而不是信息的内容。故选D项。(3) A 推理判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句 “This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.”可排除BC
37、，确定A项正确。4. (1)- (5) ADCAB解析：【语篇解读】本文介绍了报纸新闻工作者的常见职位和职责。(1) A 代词指代题。根据上句的People do not want to read和本句的want to可知，此处they指的是上文中的people，也就是报纸的读者。(2) D 细节理解题。根据第五段的Large newspaper groups have correspondents in foreign countries to report the news there可知应选D项。correspondent指的是专门负责报道某一地区或者某一领域的记者。(3) C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的they have a “nose for news”. They can spot news as it happens可知，记者和编辑都具有发现新闻的能力。nose此处指“感知、发现的能力”。(4) A 写作目的题。该文旨在介绍新闻工作者的常见职位和职责，故A项最符合题意。(5) B文章结构题。作者在开头概括了文章所要说明的四个要点：reporters，photographers，correspondents，and editors。第二段和第三段都是介绍“记者”的。B项结构图准确地描述了本文的结构。