1、重难语法课(3)情态动词 语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟情态动词在具体语境中的含义，掌握其形式变化及其用法。Lucy is an outgoing lady. She can play many kinds of musical instruments. Actually, she could play the piano when she was 8 years old. Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has to do some sports because she must keep sl
2、im. “You shall get fat soon if you dont take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends.As for her, an elegant lady, should try to keep fit. However, last week, she found that she might put on weight and she was worried and decided to lose weight. And these days she is always thinking that
3、 she may succeed soon if she tries all her best. However, she is always lack of time because she ought to take care of her children.One night after supper, she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park but she was late. On her way, she thought that the dancing must have begun， and t
4、he coach could have taught or shown many new moves. She was afraid that her friends might have left before she got there. She was regretful then. She should have had supper earlier, or she could have taken a taxi， and indeed she neednt have taken a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally,
5、 she found nobody was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy rain that night.用法体悟can在此表示能力。could在此表示能力，是can的过去式。have to表示“不得不”，强调客观需要。must表示“必须”，强调主观想法。shall表示说话者的意图、允诺、告诫、警告等，常用于陈述句的第二、第三人称。should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”。might在此是may的过去式，表示“可能”。may表示“
6、可能”。ought to意为“应该”，表示义务或责任，比should语气重。must have done表示对过去已经发生的事的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。could have done表示对过去情况的推测，意为“可能已经做了某事”。might have done表示“或许已经做了某事”。should have done表示“本应该做某事(但实际上没有做)”，有责备和懊悔之意。could have done 意为“本来可以做某事(但实际上没有做)”，有懊悔之意。neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事情，意为“本不必做某事(但实际上却做了)”。系统中整合规则(一)情态动
7、词的基本用法1can/could(1)表示能力，“能，会”(2)表示请求，“能，可以”(3)表示允许，“能，可以”(4)提建议“可以”(5)表示可能性：可能(问句或否定句) I can answer the question.我能回答这个问题。Can you help me with it？能帮我一下吗？That cant be Mary.Shes in hospital.那不可能是玛丽，她住院了。What can they be doing？他们可能在干什么呢？2may/might(1)表示允许(2)表示可能(3)表示祝愿You may come if you wish.如果你愿意你可以来。
8、This coat may be Peters.这件大衣可能是彼得的。May you succeed！祝你成功！3must(1)表示必要，“必须”(2)表示坚持，“偏要，非要”(3)表示不可避免，“必定会”(4)表示推断，“一定，准是”I must study hard.我必须努力学习。Must you make so much noise?你非得弄出这么多噪声吗？You must be tired after your long walk.你走了那么远的路，一定累了。4shall(1)在疑问句中征求意见(主语是I, we, he)(2)表示说话者给对方的承诺、命令、警告等(3)表示强制，意为
9、“必须，应该”Shall we begin now？我们现在开始，好吗？You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你过生日一定得有件新衣。Each competitor shall wear a number.每个参赛者要戴一个号码。5should(1)表示责任或义务 (2)表示推断“可能，应该”(3)表示“竟然”(4)表示不感兴趣、惊讶(5)表示“万一”(条件句)He should work harder.他应该工作更加努力。Its strange that he should be late.真奇怪，他竟会迟到。If I should be
10、free tomorrow，Ill come.万一明天有空，我就来。6will/would(1)表示愿意(2)表示请求(3)表示真理“总是”(4)表示过去的习惯(5)表示要求“一定”(6)表示对目前情况的预测“一定，大概”He will take you home.他愿意送你回家。Will/Would you go with me？你愿意和我一起去吗？He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住乡下时总是早起。You will report to me afterward.你稍后一定要向我报告。(二)情态动词表推测情态动词用法mus
11、t只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定；必定”。can/could用于疑问句中，意为“可能”；用于否定句中，意为“不可能”，语气强烈。may/might用于肯定句中表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。 名师指津(1)肯定句中一般用must/may/might；否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could；(2)表示对现在的推测用“情态动词do”，表示对过去的推测用“情态动词have done”；(3)语气的肯定程度：must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)could/might(可能性较小)。 (三)“情态动词have done” 的含义和用法情态动词h
12、ave done含义和用法must have done过去一定做过(肯定句)can/could have done过去不可能做过(否定句)过去可能做过吗？(疑问句)could have done本来能够做但实际上却未做(肯定句)may/might have done过去可能做过(肯定句) 过去可能没有做过(否定句)should/ought to have done本来应该做但是实际上未做(肯定句)本来不应该做而实际上做了(否定句)neednt have done没必要做而实际上做了 集训中明晰考点 考点1情态动词的基本用法1(2020天津7月高考改编)Jim says we stay in h
13、is house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.解析：can句意：吉姆说只要我们保持房子干净整洁，我们就可以暂住在他的房子里。can在句中表示允许、许可，意为“可以”。2(2018全国卷改编)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents not let me.解析：would表示过去的习惯，应用would。3(2017天津高考改编)My room is a mess, but I not clea
14、n it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.解析：need句意：我的房间一团糟，但是我今晚外出前不必打扫。我可以在早晨打扫。根据句意可知，need not表示“不必”。故填need。4(2016全国卷改编)We can (choose) between staying at home and taking a trip.解析：choose情态动词can后面接动词原形。5(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese c
15、haracters.解析：be made根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。 考点2情态动词的推测用法1(2018北京高考改编)In todays information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.解析：can/may句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题。根据句意可知，设空处表示一种可能性。故填can/may。2(2021南通模拟)You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all th
16、ese years.解析：must句意：你一定是卡萝尔。这么多年后你一点儿都没变。根据语境可知，此处应该用情态动词表示推测，由下文“这么多年后你一点儿都没变”可推知此处为非常肯定的猜测。故填must，意为“一定”。3(2021济南模拟)People are recycling many things which they (throw) away in the past.解析：would/could/might have thrown句意：人们正在回收利用很多他们过去可能会扔掉的东西。根据句意可知从句是说过去可能会做的事。故填would/could/might have thrown。4(20
17、21天津模拟)Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.Yes, but I think the weather offices computers be more accurate.解析：ought to/should句意：“很多英国人喜欢给天气预报提建议。”“是的，但我认为气象办公室的计算机应该更准确一些。”but一词表示后文是提出意见，意思是说“按情理应该”是一种客观性推测。5(2021天津模拟)There is no light in Smiths room.Therefore, he be at h
18、ome.解析：cant句意：Smith的房间里没有灯光。因此，他不可能在家。可知此处表示否定的推测，即Smith“不可能”在家。 考点3“情态动词have done”结构1(2020天津5月高考)You have scolded him for his poor performance.After all, he had done his best.解析：shouldnt句意：你本不应该因为他表现不佳而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。shouldnt have done sth.“本不应该做某事”，符合语境。2(2021海淀模拟)If we had paid enough attention to
19、 the issue of the heavilyoverloaded vehicles, the tragedy of the collapse of an overpass in Wuxi (be) avoided.解析：could have been句意：如果我们对超载车辆问题给予足够重视的话，就可以避免无锡立交桥垮塌的悲剧。本句为“情态动词have done”结构，结合句意表示“本来可以；本来能够”应用could have done结构，且主语与谓语动词avoid构成被动关系，故应用could have been done形式。3(2021徐州模拟)Their team (get) f
20、irst prize in the 4100 relay race, but the last runner fell down half way.解析：could have got根据句意和fell down可知这里是讲述过去的事情，用情态动词have done结构，could have done过去本可以做却实际上没有做。4(2021天津模拟)I have one regret about the time I spent in high school: I (take) more advanced classes that are really helpful in college.解析
21、：should have taken句意：我对我的高中时代有一个遗憾：我本应该学一些在大学里很有帮助的高级课程。根据“I have one regret”可知，此处表示“本应该做而没有做”，所以用should have taken。5(2021郑州模拟)It turned out that the hotel was so near.I (take) the taxi.解析：neednt have taken句意：结果证明这家宾馆非常近。我本不必乘坐出租车。neednt have done表示“本不必做某事而实际上做了”。故用neednt have taken。 自测中查漏补缺.用适当的情态动
22、词填空1When I was a child, I could watch TV whenever I wanted to.2What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.3The door would not open, no matter how hard she pushed.4One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.5They sh
23、ould/could have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.6Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.7We need not have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.8Who can be phoning us at this time
24、 of night? It might be your sister.9You neednt worry about the driving test its just a piece of cake for you.10I saw your aunt shopping in the supermarket yesterday.It couldnt have been her.She was watching TV with me all day long.语法填空Tea culture is defined by the way tea is made and 1 (consume), by
25、 the way the people communicate with tea, 2 by the aesthetics (美学) surrounding tea drinking.It includes aspects of tea production, tea brewing, tea arts and ceremony, society, history, health, ethics, education, and communication and media issues.Tea ceremonies, with 3 (it) roots in the Chinese tea
26、culture, differ among eastern countries.However, it may also differ in preparation, such as in Tibet, 4 tea is commonly brewed with salt and butter.Different regions also favor different 5 (variety) of teablack, or oolong, and use different flavorings, such as milk, sugar or herbs.The temperature an
27、d strength of the tea likewise varies 6 (wide)Due to the importance of tea in Chinese society and culture, tea houses can 7 (find) in most Chinese neighborhoods and business districts.Tea culture in China differs 8 that of Europe, Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods, tasting metho
28、ds and the occasions for which it is consumed.Even now, in both casual and 9 (form) Chinese occasions, tea is consumed regularly.In addition to 10 (be) a drink, Chinese tea is used in traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了茶文化，包括茶的制作和消费方式，人们与茶的交流方式，并说明茶道起源于中国及中国的茶文化与其
29、他国家的不同。1consumed考查动词的语态。分析句子可知，空处的词和made都是从句中谓语动词的一部分，都应用过去分词的形式，故填consumed。2and考查连词。分析句子可知，前后两句为并列关系，故填and。3its考查代词。分析句子可知，空中的词修饰名词roots作定语，应用it的形容词性物主代词，故填its。4where考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tibet，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。5varieties考查名词复数。根据下文列出的茶可知，这里是不同种类的茶，variety作为种类是可数名词，应变为复数形式，把y变i加es，故填vari
30、eties。6widely考查副词。分析句子可知，空处的词修饰动词varies作状语，应用副词形式，故填widely。7be found考查语态。分析句子可知，空中缺少谓语动词，位于can后应用动词原形，且主语和谓语之间是被动关系，故填be found。8from考查介词。短语differ from意为“不同于”，故填from。9formal考查形容词。分析句子可知，空中的词修饰名词occasions作定语，应用形容词，故填formal。10being考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，in addition to为固定短语，意为“除之外”，to为介词，后应接动名词，故填being。.短文改错In
31、our life, we often regret what we did and what we couldnt did. Actually, it doesnt benefit to us at all. As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams. We often regret that we didnt seize those opportunities, thus feel upset. Although w
32、e do know regretting the past is no benefit, yet we still shouldnt help doing it.To avoid the problem below, we need to pay more attention to what you are doing now, making us busier and having no time to recall the past. Moreover, wed better set reasonable goals one by one. Only by doing so must we struggle for our future better.答案：第一句：第二个diddo第二句：去掉to第三句：chancechances; highhigher第四句：feelfeeling第五句：no前加of; shouldntcant第六句：belowabove; youwe第八句：mustcan