1、第一部分回归教材必修3 Unit 1Unit 5Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars考点突破02 基础自测01随堂演练03课时作业基础自测01 重温教材 稳固基础.单词回顾(一)认读单词1astronomer/strnm/n._2solar/sl/adj._3global/lbl/adj._4vapour/vep/n._5presence/prezns/n._6reaction/rkn/n._7mammal/mml/n._8geologist /dldst/n._9extinct/kstkt/adj._10exhaust/zst/vt._答案1天文
2、学家 2.太阳的；日光的 3.全球性的；全世界的4蒸气，水蒸气 5.出席；到场；存在 6.反应；回应7哺乳动物 8.地质学家 9.灭绝的；绝种的10用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽(二)单词速记1_ n.系统；体系；制度2_ n.学说；理论3_ n.大气层；气氛4_ adv.因此；于是5_ n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力6float vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮_ n.漂浮物7_ adj.有害的harm n.害处 vt.对有害8violent adj.猛烈的_ n.暴力_ adv.猛烈地9puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题_ adj.迷惑不解的10unlike pre
3、p.与不同；不像_(反义词)prep像_ v&n.不喜欢11exist vi.存在；生存_ n.存在12exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽_ adj.筋疲力尽的13gentle adj.温和的_ adv.温和地14less adj.较少的_ vt.减少15_ adj.基本的答案1system 2.theory 3.atmosphere 4.thus 5.pull6float 7.harmful 8.violence;violently 9.puzzled10like;dislike 11.existence 12.exhausted 13.gently14lessen 15.fundamenta
4、l【联想串记】1形容词un-前缀变否定词like_ 不像的able_ 不能的acceptable_ 不能接受的believable_ 不可相信的certain_ 不确定的clear_ 不清楚的 comfortable_ 不舒服的fair_ 不公平的happy_ 不快乐的reasonable_ 不合理的willing_ 不情愿的usual_ 不寻常的lucky_ 不幸的2“太空”单词集锦astronomer n天文学家astronomy n天文学astronaut n宇航员satellite n卫星orbit n轨道universe n宇宙gravity n万有引力planet n行星space
5、ship n宇宙飞船atmosphere n大气层答案1unlike unable unacceptable unbelievableuncertain unclear uncomfortable unfairunhappy unreasonable unwilling unusualunlucky.短语串记1_ time 及时；终于2_ eggs 下蛋3give birth _ 产生；分娩4_ ones turn 轮到某人；接着5prevent._ 阻止；制止6cheer _ 感到高兴；感到振奋7depend _ 依靠；取决于8break _ 突发；爆发9watch _ for 密切注视；当
6、心；提防10block _ 挡住(光线)11_ the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解答案1in 2.lay 3.to 4.in 5.from 6.up 7.on 8.out9out 10.out 11.get【联想串记】1pull 相关短语pull _(汽车等)开走；迅速后移；搬开pull _ 拆毁；摧毁pull _(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull _ 驶出；拉出；拔出pull _ 康复；痊愈pull _(使)停住2time 相关短语_ time 及时；终于；总有一天_ no time 立刻；马上_ no time 决不_ a time 每次；一次at _ time 曾经；一度at _
7、same time 同时from time _ time 有时；偶尔_ ones time 别着急；慢慢来答案1away down in out through up2in in at at one the to take.佳句必背1so.that 句型The earth became _ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。2make it possible to do sth.结构This produced a chain reaction,which _.
8、这就形成了一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。3倍数表达法But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried _ on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。4now that 引导原因状语从句Walking does need a bit of practice _ gravity has changed.既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。答案1so violent that 2.made it possible for life to
9、develop3twice as far as 4.now that.课文语篇The earth was just _1_ cloud of dust after the“Big Bang”.The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time _2_(produce)many things,_3_ were to make the earths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the e
10、arth to dissolve _4_(harm)gases.Then life began to develop.The first small plants multiplied _5_ filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the _6_(develop)of early shellfish and fish.Land animals such _7_ insects,reptiles and dinosaurs and so on appeared after green plants appeared.Smal
11、l clever animals spread all over the earth.They are putting too _8_ carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat _9_ escaping from the earth into space.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on _10_ this problem can be solved.答案1a 2.to produce 3.w
12、hich 4.harmful 5.and6development 7.as 8.much 9.from 10.whether.单元语法主语从句1Life is like a tale._ matters is not how long it is,but how good it is.2It is not immediately clear _ the housing price will go down.3Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.4
13、It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.5_ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town.答案1What 2.whether 3.when 4.why 5.That考点突破02 核心考点 各个击破核心单词 重难突破1atmosphere n大气层；气氛The simple atmosphere of the office calmed me down.简单的办公室气氛让我平静下来。in a friendly atmosphere 在友好的气氛中t
14、he polluted atmosphere 被污染的空气活学巧练 Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.答案：where/in which2unlike prep.与不同；不像It is unlike him to be late;hes usually on time.他不是会迟到的那种人；他通常很准时。(1)Its like/unlike sb.to do sth.做某事实在像/不像某人(2)like prep.像，类似(反义词)v喜欢something like 几分像；大约(
15、3)dislike vt.&n不喜欢，讨厌活学巧练 Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite _(like)sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand.答案：unlike3harmful adj.有害的，(其反义词为harmless)Its harmful to your eyes to read in the sun.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害do harm to sb.do sb.harm对某人有害There is no har
16、m in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)活学巧练 The medicine is _(harm)to children but does no harm _ adults.He may say no,but _ is no harm in asking.答案：harmful;to there4exist vi.存在，在于They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也产卵，并且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。exi
17、st in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists/existed.某地有；存在existence n.存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在活学巧练 These customs came into _(exist)long ago._ exist many opportunities for regional development.答案：existence There5puzzle n.谜；难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难The reason for their doing it is still a puzzle to me.
18、他们为什么干那件事仍然让我费解。be in a puzzle 不知如何是好be in a puzzle about.对迷惑不解puzzle over/about 苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的活学巧练 I was _(puzzle)at the _(puzzle)result.答案：puzzled;puzzling6lay v.放置；搁；下(蛋)；产(卵)Lay a sheet of newspaper on the floor.在地上铺一张报纸。lay sth.aside 搁置；储蓄lay.off 停止使用；解雇某人lay out 安排；
19、布置；设计注意下列词形变化：laylaidlaidlaying 放置；产卵lielaylainlying 躺；位于lieliedliedlying 撒谎活学巧练 He _(lie)that he had won the game.My pigeon _(lay)an egg just now.答案：lied laid7pull n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the ear
20、ths gravity.随着火箭升空，我们被重重地向后推在座位上，因为我们在尽力地逃离地球的引力。pull away(汽车等)开走pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；拉出，拔出pull through 康复；痊愈巧学妙记活学巧练 He pulled _ with his wifes good care.The bus pulled _ and the passengers got out.答案：through in8mass n质量；团；块；大量Her garden is a mass of flowers.她的花园里种满了花。a ma
21、ss ofmasses of 大量的；许多的in the mass 大体上；大致上the masses 大众；民众the mass of.大部分a mass of 和 masses of 后面可以接可数或不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词的单复数与 mass 的单复数保持一致。活学巧练 Masses of money _(need)to build the bridge.答案：are needed9spread(spread;spread)vt.伸展；传播；蔓延He spread a cloth on the table.他把台布铺在桌子上。spread out 散开；伸展；延伸spread ove
22、r 遍布在spread(from.)to(从)传到，波及到spread oneself 舒展四肢(躺下)活学巧练 The fire _(spread)from the factory to the houses nearby.答案：spread10depend vi.依靠It depends on how you solve the problem.那取决于你如何解决这个问题。depend on sb./sth.rely on sb./sth.依靠或依赖某人/某物depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事That depends.视情况而定。It all depends.视情
23、况而定。live on 以为主食；靠生活feed on(动物)以为饲料活学巧练 He was the sort of person you could depend _.But how long can you stay in the house?I dont know._ depends.答案：on That11disappoint vt.使失望Dont disappoint me by being late again.别再迟到了，不要叫我失望。disappoint sb.使某人失望disappoint a hope/plan 希望/计划落空disappointed adj.失望的disa
24、ppointing adj.令人失望的disappointment n.失望；令人失望的人或事to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是活学巧练 To my _(disappoint),I failed the exam.He left the bus stop,_(disappoint)答案：disappointment disappointed12presence n.出席，在场What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve
25、 harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.许多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。in the presence of sb.in sb.s presence 当着某人；有某人在场lose ones presence of mind 心慌意乱present adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，当前的absence n.缺席，不在场absent adj.缺席，不在场的absent-minded adj.心不在焉的be absent from school/work/a meeting 不上学/不上班
26、/不到会活学巧练 In his _(present)I was at a loss.答案：presence13encourage v.鼓励，鼓舞；激励，促进They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen,which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.它们成倍增加，使海洋里充满了氧气，这也促成了后来早期贝类及各种鱼类的发展。encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的encouragement n.鼓舞，鼓励cour
27、age n.勇气discourage vt.使泄气(discourage sb.from doing sth.)活学巧练 It was _(encourage)that he recognized the dangers the company faced.I also had friends who gave me a great deal of _(encourage)This failure _(courage)him.答案：encouraging encouragement discouraged14force n.力，力量；暴力，武力；部队 vt.强迫Before we left,L
28、i Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey.在我们离开之前，李燕萍解释说旅途中引力将变化三次the force of the explosion 爆炸力by force 用暴力，用武力the air force 空军force sb.to do/force sb.into doing 强迫某人做force ones way 强行前进put.into force 使生效come into force 生效，实施in force 生效，在实施中；大批，众多fo
29、rce the door open 强行打开门force a smile 勉强一笑活学巧练 A back injury forces her _(withdraw)from wimbledon.They settled conflict _ force.答案：to withdraw by重点短语 拓展延伸1in time 及时；终于They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体。on time 按时；准时 in no time 立刻；马上at no
30、time 绝不 at a time 每次，一次at one time 一度；曾经 at times 有时all the time 一直，始终 for the time being 暂时take ones time 从容不迫活学巧练 The problem was hard but he worked it out _ time.We arrived in the summer,just in time _(enjoy)the midnight sun.答案：in to enjoy2prevent.from 阻止，制止They are putting too much carbon dioxid
31、e into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。prevent/stop/keep.from doing sth.阻止做某事protect.from 保护不受的侵袭；挡住；防御keep.doing sth.使一直做某事prevent/keep/stop sb.from doing sth.的主动式中，只有 keep 后面的 from 不能省略，而在被动式中三个短语的 from 都不能省略。活学巧练 His a
32、dvice prevented me _ making a serious mistake.答案：from3cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋Feeling blue about the world?Cheer up.对世界感到沮丧吗？振作起来。cheer sb.up 使某人振作起来cheer sb.on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油Cheers!口语(用于祝酒)干杯！活学巧练 Cheer _，and youll achieve your goal.答案：up4break out 突发；爆发We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outs
33、ide of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层起火燃烧。break off 折断；突然停止；暂停break into 闯入；破门而入break down 分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉break away 脱离；放弃；逃跑break in 打断；闯入活学巧练 The fire broke _ while we were sleeping.My car broke _ on my way to work.答案：out down5block out 挡住、遮住(光线等)The tree in
34、the neighbours garden blocks out a lot of light.邻居花园里的那棵树挡住了很多光线。block off sth.封锁；切断block sth.in 塞满；使受阻block up sth.堵塞；挡住a block ofblocks of 大块/一批a block of flats 一幢公寓大楼活学巧练 Black clouds can never block _ the sun.答案：out典型句式 精讲精练1They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen,water and other gases,whic
35、h were to make the earths atmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。句中 be to do 结构表示即将发生某事、计划或安排做某事、要求做某事。“be about to do”表示即将做某事，不与任何时间状语连用；“will 动词原形”表示将来行为，“预见”或“临时考虑”将做某事；be going to do 表示打算/计划做某事，或有迹象表明要发生某事。The foreign students are to hold a party to celebrate Christmas Day next Monday.那些外
36、籍学生下周一打算举行一次晚会庆祝圣诞节。Wait for me for a moment;Im about to set out.稍等片刻；我马上就动身。We will put the plan into practice next spring.我们明年春天实施这个计划。Look,the clouds are gathering;its going to rain.瞧，云彩在聚集；马上就要下雨了。活学巧练 If you are _(win)the game,youll have to train hard.答案：to win2“Oh dear，”I cried,“walking does n
37、eed a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天啊，”我惊呼，“既然引力改变了，走路就确实需要稍微锻炼一下了。”句中 now that 引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于”，相当于since，而且 that 可以省略。Now that you have finished your work,youd better have a rest.既然已经做完工作，你最好休息一下。due to 由于，归功于because of 由于on account of 由于，因为owing to 由于，因为thanks to 由于，多亏(多作表语或状语)
38、as a result of 由于活学巧练 He was late for work _ account of the thick fog.答案：on3This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就可能发展了。这是“make it 形容词/名词 to do sth.”句型。该句型中 it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。make it 宾语 宾语补足语名词或形容词不带 to 的不定式过去分词介词短语活学巧练 People in th
39、e West make _ a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.Better sewers(下水道)make _ less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.答案：it it4But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试
40、着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，而且我摔倒了。倍数表达法：(1)倍数形容词或副词的比较级than(2)倍数as形容词或副词的原级as(3)倍数the size(height/length/width,etc.)of(4)倍数what 从句活学巧练 They have three times _ many cows as we have.This table is twice _(big)than that one.This table is 3 times the _ of that one.答案：as bigger size温示提馨请 做：随堂演练03（点击进入）温示提馨请 做：课时作业14（点击进入）
