1、专题限时集训(五)主旨大意之概括段落大意和推测写作目的(对应学生用书第99页)A (2017郑州市第三次质量预测)Dear Alcohol，Youve been around forever.I can remember all the pain youve caused me.Do you remember the night when you almost took my fathers life? I do.He loves you.Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me.Hes addicted to you，to th
2、e way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them.You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street，crashing into two other cars.He wasnt the only one badly hurt by you that night.Do you remember the night of my first high school party？My friends were int
3、rigued by you.They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all of you that they could.I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels for you.“Im so embarrassed，”they said as I held their hair back so that they could throw up.“Im sorry，”they s
4、aid when I called taxis for them，walking them out and paying the driver in advance.“This wont happen again，” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped.Two 15yearold girls slept in hospital beds that night due to you.Do you remember the night when you took advantage of
5、 my 17yearold neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lesson？Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car headon and killed two people in the other car？He died the next morning，too.His sister walked home from her dance lesson，and passed police cars and a crowd of people
6、 gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio.She didnt realize her brother was among them at all.She never saw him again.And it was all your fault.I wish youd walk out of my life forever.I dont want anything to do with you.Look at all the pain youve caused.Sure，youve made pe
7、ople happy too from time to time.But the damage youve caused in the lives of millions is not excusable.Stop attracting the people I love！Stop hurting me, please!Sincerely，Me【语篇解读】本文是一封写给酒的信，控诉了酒的坏处。1What did Alcohol do to the authors father that night?AIt made him drunk and took his life away.BIt ma
8、de him kill two other people when he was driving.CIt got him into a car accident and badly injured.DIt got him into trouble and got his stomach pumped.C考查细节理解。根据第二段最后两句“You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street，crashing into two other cars.He wasnt the only one badly h
9、urt by you that night.”可知，作者的父亲因为酒驾而出了车祸，受伤严重，故选C。2What does the underlined phrase“were intrigued by” probably mean in the letter?Awere interested inBwere satisfied withCwere familiar withDwere disappointed byA考查词义猜测。根据第三段第三句“They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，drinking all
10、 of you that they could.”可推知，作者的同学们迷恋酒而不能自拔，由此可推知画线词汇的意思是“感兴趣，迷恋”，故选A。3What is the authors purpose of writing this letter?ATo warn people not to drive after drinking.BTo persuade people to get away from alcohol.CTo tell people three sad stories about alcohol.DTo warn people against the pain caused b
11、y alcohol.B考查目的意图。根据文章第一段和最后一段的内容，尤其是最后一段的“Stop attracting the people I love！Stop hurting me，please！”可推知，作者通过讲述三个关于酒的悲剧故事就是要劝说人们远离酒，珍爱生命，故选B。4How was the author feeling while writing this letter?AShocked.BResponsible.CDisappointed.DSorrowful.D考查推理判断。根据第一段“Youve been around forever.I can remember all
12、 the pain youve caused me.”和最后一段的最后一句“Stop hurting me，please！”可推知，作者写这封信的语气是沉痛的，控告酒的罪恶，故选D。B (2017武汉市调研测试)Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions.We cry when we cant hold inside what we feel any more.We cry when were at our best，and when were at our worst.By we，I mean all of us.Men includ
13、ed.But we never see other men cry.In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed(流泪)more than a single tear，and even then its reserved for grand victories，defeats and deaths.Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men.Generally men and women c
14、ry over the same thingsdeaths，breakups and homesickness，primarily，but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events.I want to admit Im a bit of a cryer.However，having never really experienced deaths in my life，a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to r
15、eally，truly，pour my heart out in tears.See，my dogand 24/7 companionwas killed by a car right outside my house.Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour，but then the floodgates opened.Over the next 48 hours，I might have cried 20 times.Once or twice I crouched(蹲) on the fl
16、oor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet.It is suggested in the book Adult Crying：A Biopsychosocial Approach that theres certain pleasure in crying.It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.In those days after my dogs death，I remember thinking，“Ive got t
17、o stop this crying”It felt unmanly.It felt like a sign of weakness.Ive since realised that tears are for everybody；theyre not genderspecific.They show we have sympathy，allow us to get rid of stress and just feel easy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方式。【长难句解读】However，having never
18、 really experienced deaths in my life，a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really，truly，pour my heart out in tears.分析该句为主从复合句。该句中what it means to really，truly，pour my heart out in tears为what引导的宾语从句；having never really experienced deaths in my life为现在分词短语作原因状语。译文然而，我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡，数周前的一次体验
19、让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。5What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?ACrying is a raw human emotion.BCrying is an emotion beyond control.CCrying is an emotion showing sadness.DCrying is an emotion showing happiness.A考查段落大意。通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。结
20、合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。6Whats the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?AThey cry over different matters.BThey cry at different times of life.CWomen cry more often over deaths.DMen are more likely to have tears of joy.D考查细节理解。由题干关键词“Dutch research”定位至第
21、二段，根据第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高，故D项正确。7What did the author think of his crying over his dogs death?AA sign of strength.BA sign of weakness.CBehavior of being womanish.DA way of reducing emotional stre
22、ss.D考查细节理解。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy，allow us to get rid of stress and just feel easy”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。8Whats the best title for the text?AMen，never cry like womenBMen，its OK to cry sometimesCCrying solves psychological problemsDCrying explains differences between men and wo
23、menB考查标题判断。通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy，allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。C (2017太原市模拟试题一) Working well in a team requires full cooperation.Its an important skil
24、l for almost every employee to have.Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done, and others depend on you to get their work done.Communicate well.Lack of communication is one of the biggest reasons of a teams failure.Seek input from team members so they feel like a va
25、luable part of the team.Communication establishes trust among team members.In addition，communicating well can help prevent and resolve conflict.Meet regularly to keep members involved and aware of your work progress.Post decisions where everyone on the team can see them.Be flexible.In teamwork，prior
26、ities and responsibility can change instantly.Stay ready to shift focus.Training team members to be able to do parts of other team members jobs can be a valuable part of teamwork；being flexible helps to build appreciation for all the parts of the team.Meet deadlines.Work hard to ensure you meet esta
27、blished deadlines when you work in a team environment.Others are depending on your work. Negotiate timelines with your teammates at the start of a project.Doing so allows you to have a say in how work gets accomplished.Establish accountabilityAll team members must be responsible for the success and
28、failure of the project.Although not every team needs a leader，teams require a formal way to ensure everyone does his part.Try using meetings to report on progress.Celebrate accomplishments and encourage the team.Senior executives may not always recognize the importance of some team members work.Shar
29、e congratulations at team meetings and talk about whose work is invaluable in helping you get your work done.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了提高团队工作效率的方法和策略。9What can you conclude from the first paragraph?AWorking in a team means your work is separate.BWorking in a team means your work is effective.CBeing a member of a
30、 team means your work is independent.DBeing a member of a team means your work is interdependent.D 考查段落大意。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done，and others depend on you to get their work done.”可知，成为团队一员意味着分工合作、相互依赖，故选D。干扰项分析A项错在团队工作中个体的工作与其他人的工作是分离的
31、，这与文章第一段中的“Working well in a team requires full cooperation.”相悖；B项错在文章并没有提到团队工作意味着个体工作有效率；C项错在作为团队成员就意味着个体工作的独立性，这与第一段的最后一句“Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done，and others depend on you to get their work done.”相悖，故排除。10Which of the following deeds does not cont
32、ribute to effective teamwork?AKeeping silent in a team discussion.BBeing able to do parts of others job.CAcknowledging others work publicly.DHolding meetings to report on progress.A考查细节理解。通读全文可知，文章中并没有提到在团队讨论中保持沉默有利于团队工作，故选A。11What does the underlined word“accountability”refer to in the fifth paragr
33、aph?ASuccess.BResponsibility.CInsurance.DCommunity.B考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句的后一句“All team members must be responsible for the success and failure of the project.”可知，团队工作中所有成员都要对项目的成功和失败负责，故可推知，此处应选B。12What is the best title of the passage?AHow to Succeed in Communicating with OthersBHow to Work Effectively in a Team EnvironmentCWays to Work Well in Completing ProjectsDWays to Improve the Efficiency of EmployeesB考查标题判断。根据本文的关键词“teamwork”并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是提高团队工作效率的方法和策略，故选B项。