1、“语法填空应用文写作概要写作”规范增分练(六)(限时：45分钟).语法填空The choices people make can cause cancer. Not everyone who _1_ (use) tobacco products will get cancer, but the chance of getting certain _2_ (type) of cancer increases with tobacco use. The recent research _3_ (show) us that the constant misuse or overuse of alco
2、hol may cause cancer of the mouth and throat as well recently.Sometimes cancer can be caused by radiation _4_ (find) in sunlight and Xrays, in addition _5_ other places. This doesnt mean you should stop getting Xrays or stay indoors, but limiting your _6_ (expose) to radiation can reduce the chances
3、 of developing cancer. The Xrays you get at _7_ doctors or dentists office are not _8_ (typical) enough to cause cancer.And sometimes, the reason _9_ someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery. Some cells in the body may start to increase and change. Doctors and researchers can see it happ
4、ening, _10_ they cannot provide a description of why it started.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了一些可能会导致患癌症的原因，如吸烟、喝酒、阳光和X射线辐射。但这并不绝对。有些人患癌症的原因仍是一个谜。1uses此句为关系代词who引导的定语从句，先行词为不定代词“everyone”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数；且此处陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填uses。2types句意：患某些类型癌症的概率会随着烟草的使用而增大。根据语境可知，此处应用名词复数。故填types。3has shown句中含有时间状语“recently”，故
5、应用现在完成时。故填has shown。4found分析句子结构可知，动词find与其逻辑主语“radiation”之间为被动关系。故填found。5to in addition to为固定短语，意为“除了之外”，符合语境。故填to。6exposure根据空格前的“your”可知，此处为形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填expose的名词形式exposure。7the句意：你在医院或牙科诊所里照的X射线通常不足以引起癌症。at the doctors是固定搭配，意为“在医院”。故填定冠词the。8typically空格处修饰形容词“enough”，应用typical的副词形式。故填typicall
6、y。9why分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，指代先行词“reason”，在从句中作原因状语。故填why。10but句意：医生和研究者能够观察到它正在发生，但是他们无法解释它开始的原因。根据语境可知，空格前后为转折关系。故填but。.写作第一节：应用文写作假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter最近在某电视台举办的汉语演讲比赛中获得第一名，他给了你重要的人生启迪。请写信向他表示祝贺与感谢。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Peter， Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Peter，Congratulations to
7、 you on your winning first place in the Chinese Speech Competition held recently. It is no wonder that you have made such great progress in your Chinese study, because you have always been working hard and are never willing to give up.To be honest, its from you that I have learned a valuable lesson,
8、 that is, “No pains, no gains.”Therefore, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you for what you have taught me.Wish you more advance in your study!Yours，Li Hua第二节：概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。How do you feel about silence and pauses in conversations? Do they make you anxious or uneasy? Or
9、do you enjoy silence in the presence of others sometimes? Whatever your answer is, we can sometimes run into such a situation where the listener remains silent.There can be silence in conversations. But the meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Some cultural groups may think that it is ex
10、tremely uncomfortable; therefore, attempts may be made to fill every gap with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many traditional Asians think that it is a basic part of communicating among people. Therefore, when a
11、 person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing w
12、ith conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. Similarly, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person
13、in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construct
14、ion of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (有治疗功效的) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures as well. 参考范文：Silence can occur
15、in conversations. (要点1) However, it is interpreted differently by different cultures, some thinking it unnatural while others considering it indispensible. (要点2) For example, many traditional Asians value it as a call for reflection and such nationalities as Russians and Mexicans avoid conflicts by keeping silent. (要点3) Therefore, caregivers like nurses should understand the healing effects of silence to offer better care. (要点4)