1、第一讲时态和语态(对应学生用书第3页)1(2017江苏高考卷)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he _Awas being followed Bwas followingChad been followed DfollowedA句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。2(2017江苏高考卷)Hes been informed that he _ for the schola
2、rship because of his academic background.Ahasnt qualified Bhadnt qualifiedCdoesnt qualify Dwasnt qualifyingC句意：他被告知，因为其教育背景，他没有资格获得这笔奖学金。根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，因此使用一般现在时。 【导学号：25874000】3(2015江苏高考卷)The real reason why prices _，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily ex
3、plain this problem.Awere Bwill beChave been Dhad beenA句意：物价为什么(过去)很高，现在依然很高的真正原因很复杂，不是一个简短的讨论就可以满意地解释这个问题的。根据后面的still are可知，此处是和“现在”对比，故用一般过去时。4(2014江苏高考卷)How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well，the media_ it in a variety of forms.Acover Bwill coverChave covered
4、DcoveredC句意：你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？哦，媒体已经以各种形式进行了报道。强调对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时。5(2017北京高考卷)_ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes.They are happy with it.ADid you callBHave you calledCWill you callDWere you callingA句意：昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们产品的看法了吗？是的。他们对产品很满意。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知，空格处用一般过去
5、时。6(2017北京高考卷)In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones _ yet.Ahavent inventedBhavent been inventedChadnt inventedDhadnt been inventedD句意：在20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭家里只有一部电话，那时无线电话还没有被发明出来。根据句意以及句中的关键词“In the 1950s”和yet可知，空格处用过去完成时；且“wireless phones”与动词invent之间是被动关系
6、，所以使用过去完成时的被动语态。7(2017北京高考卷)People _ better access to health care than they used to，and theyre living longer as a result.Awill haveBhaveChadDhad hadB句意：人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗保障，结果，人们的寿命更长了。根据句意以及句中的关键信息“than they used to”可知，此处表示现在与过去的对比，所以空格处用一般现在时。8(2017天津高考卷)I _ down to London when I suddenly found that I
7、was on the wrong road.Awas drivingBhave drivenCwould driveDdroveA句意：我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。这里使用了固定句式be doing sth.when.，表示“正在做某事时突然”，此时主句用过去进行时，when后面的句子用一般过去时。一、常考的各种时态1一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作，通常用usually，often，always，sometimes，every day，once a week等作时间状语。I usually have my hair cut once a month.The stud
8、ents often do their experiments in the lab.(2)表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。The earth moves around the sun.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.(3)表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。The train leaves at 2：35 this afternoon.(4)主句是一般将来时的时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替将来时。You will succeed if you try your best.Even if it rains tomorrow，the
9、football match will take place.2现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Our friends are waiting for us outside now.(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。She is learning English at college.(3)某些短暂性动词，如come，go，start，open，close，arrive，return，begin，leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.He is leavin
10、g for Beijing next week.(4)某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。Im forgetting English.She is losing her eyesight.3现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，once，before，yet，just等作时间状语。He hasnt heard any news from his son lately.Have you ever been to London?(2)表示开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作。常用so far，up
11、 till now，since，for a long time，in the past/last few years，these days等作时间状语。So far no life has been found outside the earth.He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college.(3)“This/It isthe序数词timethat.”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。This is the second time that I have visited the university.4现在完成进行时
12、(1)表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且会继续进行下去的动作。I am very tired.I have been painting the house all the afternoon.(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。I have been calling him several times this morning，but there is no answer.5一般过去时(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。It was a terrible pi
13、ece of work you turned in yesterday.He came to work here two weeks ago.(2)在时间、条件从句中代替过去将来时。He said he would not go if it rained.(3)有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know，think，expect等，表示“本来认为”。I didnt expect to meet you here.I thought he had heard the news.6过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某
14、一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。By the end of last term，we had learned 2，000 words.He had left before I got home.(2)hope，expect，think，intend，want，suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本”。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.(3)“It/This/That wasthe序数词timethat.”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时。It was the th
15、ird time that he had made the same mistake.(4)“hardly/scarcely.when.”和“no sooner.than.”结构中，主句用过去完成时。Hardly had the game started when it started to rain.7过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。She was writing a book about China last year，but I dont know whether she has finished it.(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。I
16、t was raining as the medical team made its way to the front.He was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door.(3)短暂性动词come，go，leave，arrive，begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作。8一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。(1)“shall/will动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上势必要发生的事情或没有计划、临时做出的打算。sh
17、all用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。When will you be able to give us a reply?We shall have a lot of rain next month.Where is the telephone book?Ill go and get it for you.(2)be going to do表示将来，一般指按计划、打算要做某事或有迹象要出现的情况。I am going to buy a computer this summer.It is going to be fine tomorrow.(3)be to do表示将来，一般指按计划或安
18、排要做某事或按职责、义务和要求必须去做某事。She is to get married next week.I am to buy some books this afternoon.(4)be about to do表示将来，多指不久或即将要发生的动作，不强调主观，不能与表示具体时间的状语连用。The train is about to leave.9过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作做参照。He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.She was about to open t
19、he door when the telephone rang.Every morning he would climb to the top of the hill in those days.10将来进行时将来进行时由will/shall be doing构成，表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。Please dont come at ten tomorrow morning.I will be having a meeting.What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?二、被动语态1被动语态有两种表现形式：be过去分词和get过去分词。ge
20、t型被动语态一般指动作的结果而非动作本身。Finally he got elected.2使用被动语态的情况(1)不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。The young man was injured in the car accident.(2)需要强调动作的承受者时。Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.(3)为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时。Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.(4)动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。The wi
21、ndows were broken by strong wind.(5)有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。I am determined to take medicine.3注意主动形式表示被动意义的情况(1)表示主语的某种属性特征的词，如clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，且主语通常是物。This pen writes smoothly.(2)在need，want，require，bear等词的后面常跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repai
22、ring/to be repaired.1(2017盐城市高三三模)A former Chinese soldier，who _ in India for half a century，flew home to China on February 11，2017.AtrappedBhad trappedChas been trappedDhad been trappedD句意：一位中国老兵被困印度半个世纪，终于在2017年2月11日乘飞机返回中国。被困的动作发生在flew所表示的动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动形式。2(2017常州高三一模)Next years key challenges i
23、nclude risks in the financial area and old issues that have yet _AsolvedBbeen solvedCto solveDto be solvedD句意：下一年关键的挑战包括金融领域的风险以及有待去解决的老问题。定语从句的先行词old issues与solve之间是被动关系，并且这些问题尚未解决，故选D。have yet to be solved有待解决。 【导学号：25874001】3(2017镇江高三一模)Its a complete mess.Where are the kitchen table tops?At the
24、back.We _ them by 7 pm this evening.Aare placingBhave placedCwill be placingDwill have placedD句意：这里一片狼藉。餐桌台面在哪儿？在后面。我们今天晚上7点之前会把它们放好。根据句意及句中的时间状语“by 7 pm this evening”可知，此处应用将来完成时态表示在将来某时之前已经完成的动作。4(2017南通、泰州高三一模)Why are you so upset，Mary?My boss _ fault with me.He is not so kind as you think.Aalway
25、s findsBis always findingChas always foundDalways foundB句意：你为什么这么心烦意乱，玛丽？我的老板总是对我吹毛求疵，他可不像你想得那么友好。always放在进行时中通常有强烈的情感意义，此处表示厌烦的语气。5(2017扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?Pity he_ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.Awas sentBhas been sentChad been sentDwould be s
26、entB句意：“Peterson叔叔明天会来参加我的生日晚会吗？”“很遗憾，他已经作为一个志愿教师被派到津巴布韦去了。”据答语中的Pity可知，答话者的意思是Uncle Peterson已经被派往津巴布韦了，所以对现在的影响便是他来不了生日晚会。故用现在完成时。6(2017扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.Im glad we _ them in the years ahead.Awill be operatingBhave been operatingCwoul
27、d be operatingDhad been operatingA句意：“新机器已经到了，正在车间内测试。”“我很高兴接下来的几年里我们会使用它们。”根据句意可知，因为现在机器还没正式运行，是要在将来投入使用的，因此用将来进行时。7(2017南京、盐城高三二模)In the UK，some people equate life experience with the number of stamps in their passports.Thats why they all agree that they _ the “travel bug”AcatchBcaughtChave caught
28、Dare to catchC句意：在英国，一些人把人生阅历和他们护照上的印章数目等同起来。那就是为什么他们都认为自己迷上了旅游。本句用现在完成时表示动作对现在所产生的影响。8How is your sister?She_quite good after the operation，but she is taking a turn for the worse today.AfeltBfeelsChad feltDhas been feelingA考查动词时态。句意：你妹妹怎么样了？手术后她感到不错，但今天她感觉比较糟。手术后感到不错，是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。9We have been tr
29、ying to train the young people who were hired last month，but they_their best to learn.Awere not doingBdidnt doCare not doingDhadnt doneC考查时态。句意：我们一直在尽力培训上个月聘请的年轻人，但是他们不尽力学习。根据题干的but判断是这些年轻人现在不尽力学习，应用现在进行时。故选C。 【导学号：25874002】10Dont worry.When he kept silent，Mr. White _ his approval for our plan.Awould showBis showingCwas showingDhas shownC考查时态。句意：不要担心。当他保持沉默时，表示怀特先生正支持我们的计划。根据从句的时态是过去时以及和主从句之间的关系可知，主句应该是表示“表示他支持”是正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。