1、Unit 19 Modern agriculture考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:重点单词与短语protection; technique; irrigation; pump; seed; technical; import; production; method; root; insect; tobacco; golden; tie; discovery; garden; gardening; gardener; wisdom; practical; guide; firstly; sow; condition; soil; weed; remove; sunflower; depend
2、on; and so on句型. What do you think causes these changes? 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序的 用法It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China. 强调句型的用法To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops are planted each year where possible. where( it is )possible 省略的用法
3、Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment. not only but also的用法语法：强调句式-it +is/ was that 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握protection; technique; technical; import; production; method; golden; tie; discovery; garden; gardening; gardener; wisdom; practical; guide; firstly; sow; condit
4、ion; remove; sunflower; depend on; and so on 等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握疑问词+插入语+陈述语序的 用法；强调句型的用法；not only but also的用法；where( it is )possible 省略的用法的用法。教材知识归纳知识归纳1. How are peoples eating habits changing over the years?over的用法：介词 “在期间，直到过完，贯穿（一时间段）”Over the next few days they got to know the town well.在随后的几天里他们
5、就熟悉那个镇子了。We discussed it over lunch.我们吃午饭时商议了此事。She had a cold over Christmas.圣诞节期间她患了感冒。Some waste rots away over a long period of time.有些食物要经过好长时间才会腐烂。2. In my opinion, you should “我认为”的表达方法： (1)We hold that no country should interfere in the affairs of other countries. 我们认为任何国家都不应干涉别国的内政(2)As I s
6、ee it, nothing is more important than health.我认为没有任何东西比健康还重要。(3)From my point of view, chatting online is a waste of time. 我个人认为，上网聊天是浪费时间。(4)From where I stand, quality is more important than quality.从我的角度而言，质量比数量更重要。(5)As far as Im concerned, learning English is a piece of cake. 就我看 小菜一碟。6) It see
7、ms to me that buying lottery tickets is a waste of money. 在我看来买彩票是浪费钱。7）I accept the idea that College English Test should be cancelled.我认为应该取消大学英语过级考试。3. To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops are planted each year where possible.（1）使用的表达方法：use sth Every possible means has b
8、een used to solve the problem. 一切可能的办法都已经被使用来解决这个问题。 employ sth Every possible means has been employed to solve the problem.一切可能的办法都已经被使用来解决这个问题。 make use ofHe made use of every second to learn his lessons every day.每天他分秒必争地学习。If better use is made of your spare time, you will make great progress in
9、 it.如果你更好地利用你的业余时间，你会在那方面取得更大的进步。Every minute must be made use of to improve our spoken English.必须利用每一分钟来提高你的口语。 make the best ofYou had better make the best of your spare time to study.你最好充分利用你的空闲时间来学习。 make the most ofYou had better make the most of your intelligence to serve the people.你最好充分利用你的智
10、慧来为人民服务。 take advantage ofYou must take advantage of your spare time to build up your bady.你必须利用空闲时间来锻炼你的身体。(2)as +adj./adv. + as possible= as +adj./adv. + as sb can/couldI will be back as soon as possible.= I will be back as soon as I can.我将尽可能快的返回。We must do as much as we can to help others.我们必须尽全
11、力来帮助别人。The young man spent as much time as he could doing the experiment. 那个年轻人花了尽可能多的时间来做这个实验。(3) where it is possible的省略形式，在类似结构中it is / was常常被省略。as.as possible是固定的结构，表 示“尽可能”。 Fill the words in the blanks where necessary. 在需要的地方填上单词。4. . Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientists i
12、s still useful for farmers and gardeners. 句中 discovered by early Chinese scientists是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于which was discovered by过去分词短语作定语一般具有以下特点：(1) 放在修饰侧的后面。(2)与修饰词构成被动关系。 (3)相当于一个灰示被动的定语从句。单个的过去分词作定语一般放在修饰词的前面，在个别情况下 放在修饰词之后。 The system used in this school is very successful. 这学校使用的系统很成功。 There is a re
13、d car parked outside the house repaired. 在暴风雨中打破了的窗户，已经修好了。5. Future agriculture should depend on high technology.depend 的用法：派生词：dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的dependence n. 信赖，依赖，依靠dependable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的independent adj. 独立的 independence n. 独立相关归纳：(1)depend on/upon sb. to do 指望某人做某事We can depend on him to
14、do it well.我们可以指望他把事情办好。(2)depend on/upon + wh-clause 取决于Whether the game will be played depend on the weather.比赛是否进行要看天气的好坏。Our success depends on whether everyone works hard.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。(3)depend on/upon it that指望（it 是形式宾语，that是真正的宾语）You may depend on it that he will help you.你可以指望他来帮助你。(4)Tha
15、t/It （all） depends. 那得视情况而定I may help you, but that depends.我也许帮助你，但得视情况而定。(5)depend on/upon sb.依赖/依靠某人He depends on his son for support.他靠儿子供养。(6)be dependent on/upon sb./sth 依赖某人的，取决于某事物He is still dependent on his parents.他仍然依赖父母（补助）。6. It was developed using a way known as a “GMdevelop 的用法 派生词：d
16、eveloped adj. 发达的 developing adj. 发展中的 development n. 发展，进步，成长，开发 (1) vt. 发展，养成；形成，培养 The little boy developed an interest in music. 这个小男孩对音乐感兴趣。 Fresh air and exercise develop healthy bodies. 新鲜空气和体育锻炼造就了健康的体魄。 (2) 成长，形成 James has developed into a charming young man. 詹姆斯已经长成为一个富有魅力的年青人。 (3) 冲洗 (胶卷)
17、 Lets have these pictures developed. 咱们把这些照片冲洗出来吧。 (4) 开发，建设 We should develop the natural resources of our country. 我们应该开发我们国家的自然资源。7. “G”stands for“genetically”from the word“genes”.stand 的用法：知识梳理:n 货摊，售货亭；看台v 站；容忍；经受，承受，经得起；处于某种状态 His heart cant stand the stain much longer.他的心脏不能长时期忍受高压。I cant sta
18、nd your speaking to your mum like.我不能容忍你像那样的方式和你母亲讲话。He stood still while I was taking a photo of him.当我给他照相的时候，他一点也不动。相关归纳：（1）stand for：代表, 代替, 象征；容忍 GNP stands for gross national product.GNP代表国民生产总值。I cant stand for your speaking to your mum like.我不能容忍你用那样的方式和你母亲讲话。（2）stand by站在一边；旁观；支持 Please rem
19、ember Ill stand by you whatever happens.请记住，无论如何，我都会拥护你。（3）stand out突出；引人注目；杰出They were all attractive, but she stood out from the others. 她们都很迷人，但是她比其他人更有魅力。8. But if the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it.condition 的用法： 知识梳理:v 使健康;使处于良好状态; 决定;为.的条件Ability and effort conditio
20、n success.成功取决于才干和努力。He conditioned himself for the race. 他为赛跑而调整体能状态。n (1)条件(可数名词)prep搭配为onHer parents allowed her to go, but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.她的父母准许她去，但是有一个条件，那就是她在午夜以前回家。 (2)状态(不可数) prep搭配为in My car is old but in good condition. 我的汽车是旧的，但是状况良好。(3)环境(常用复
21、数) prep搭配为in/underThe miners there worked in dreadful conditions.那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。相关归纳：(1)on condition that在条件下(2)on this/ that/ no/ what condition在这种/那种条件下(3)in good condition情况良好；（4）in/ out of condition健康状况良好（不佳）（5）on no condition 绝不You should on no condition visit that place.你绝不应该去参观那个地方。Well le
22、t you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.注意：on no condition位于句首时要用半倒装语序。与on no condition用法相同的短语有： at no time; in no way; by no means; on no account; in no caseOn no condition should you visit that place.你绝不应该去参观那个地方。9. But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong ti
23、me of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.如果违背自然规律，不按农时耕作，就会事倍功半。相关归纳：（1）go ahead 进步；前进；可以May I start now? 我可以动身吗？Yes, go ahead.是的，动身吧。（2）go away离开；走开Did you go away or stay at home in the vacation?假期你是在家还是外出了？Ive had enough of your nonsense. Go away!我已经听够你的胡言乱语了，走
24、开！（3）go by走过；时间流逝Several years went by/on before we met again.我们过了好多年才再见面。（4）go for 适合于；去取或去请某人或某物；努力获取Britain has a high unemployment, which goes for many other western countries.英国有较高的失业率， 同样的情况适合于别的很多西方国家。（5）go in for从事，参加；喜欢He goes in for sports every day.他每天都从事体育锻炼。（6）go off离去；进展；变坏；熄掉She got a
25、ngry and went off.她生气而离开。The meeting went off very well.会议进展很顺利。The milk has gone off.牛奶变质了。The lights went off at eight and came on again at ten.电灯8点熄了，10点又亮了起来。（7）go over 检查；复习I went over the figure twice, but reached the same total.我把数字检查了两次，两次的总数都一样。She went over the lines time and again.她反复练习那台
26、词。（8）go through经过；经历；调查The Bill didnt go through.议案未被通过。The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.那可怜的少女自从父母去世后经历了许多痛苦。She went through the room but couldnt find the missing ring.她搜遍了整个房间还是找不到丢失的戒指。10 . Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environm
27、ent. 粮食牛产固然重要，环保也很重要。 (1)当 not only.but (also). 连接两个并列分句时，前一个分句要用部分倒装，即部分谓语(助动词、系动词、情态动词)提到主语之前，第二个分句不要倒装。有时后一个分句与前一个分句的相同部分可以省略。Not only did he speak more correctly but he spoke more easily. 他不仅讲话更正确，而且讲得也较不费劲了。(2) 当not only.but (also).连接两个主语时，其谓语与靠近它的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teac
28、her is interested in the TV play.11. Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with space between the plants.between 与among 的用法区别：这两个介词都有“在之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间；among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时，仍然要用between。 The girl walked between her father and mother这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。 She is the tallest a
29、mong her classmates她在她同学之间是最高的。 Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。 概念提示重点/热点1：疑问词+插入语(do you think)+陈述语序 在该句型中插入语，经常位于疑问词(组)后，有时也可放在句首。能用于插入语中的动词非常多常见的有think; suppose; believe; suggest; say等。但是一定要注意know 和guess不能用于插入语句型中，而是只能把do you know和do you guess 位于句首。此外
30、，还必须用陈述语序。What do you think causes these changes?= Do you think what causes these changes? 你认为是什么(原因)引起这些变化的? What effects do you think the changes in eating habits will have on agriculture and nature? 你认为这些饮食变化对农业和自然会起什么作用? Where do you suppose our English teacher comes from? 你认为我们的英语老师来自哪里? Who do
31、 you think the old lady is? 你认为那老太太是谁?Do you know/guess our English teacher comes from? 你认为我们的英语老师来自哪里?重点/热点2：way, method, means，approach(1)way可指一般的方法，也可指个人的或特殊的方法或方式。如：生活方式way of life。后接to do sth 或 of doing sth做定语。另外，当way作先行词时，定语从句引导词可以是in which也可以是that，也可以不用引导词。常用短语：in this way用这种方式；by the way顺便说；
32、in a way在某种程度上；in no way决不；in the way妨碍某人；lose ones way迷路；on the/ones way在路上；make ones way前进。(2)method指系统的理论的方法。例如：teaching methods。method后接of doing sth做定语。常用短语:with this method(3)means指具体的“方法、手段、工具”，其单复数相同。常用短语：by this means用这种方式；by all means当然可以；by means of以方式；by no means一点也不。 (4) approach后接to doi
33、ng sth或to +名词做定语I like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。 易混易错点1： it 用于强调句型中1使用强调句型可使句中某个成份得到强调。强调句型是：Itis/was被强调成份that-clause。当强调的成份指人时，除了可用that外，也可用who，whom等。1）强调主语。It is the people who create history. 创造历史的是人民。It was she who had been wrong. 错误的正是她。Was it you that broke the window? 打碎玻璃窗的是
34、你吗？But here its my word that counts. 但这里是我的话算数。Who was it that called you up just now? 刚才来电话给你的是谁？2）强调宾语或介词宾语。Its her whom you should help. 你应该帮助的是她。Its me that they praised.他们表扬的是我。She just had no faith in me. It was Bill in whom she still had her faith. 她不相信我。她仍然相信的只有比尔。3）强调状语。Its through them tha
35、t we learnt the truth. 正是通过他们我们才了解真相。It was on one July night in 1969 that American astronauts landed on the surface of the moon. 正是在1969年7月的一个夜晚美国宇航员在月球表面登陆。It was then（that） I heard his steps. 正在那时我听到他的脚步声。Why is it that everyone thinks Im a fool? 究竟为什么人人都认为我是傻瓜？I dont know why it is（that）they don
36、t like me. 我不知道他们究竟为什么不喜欢我。It was on Monday night that all this happened.正是在星期一晚上发生了这一切。It was not until yesterday that they began to tackle the major problem. （They did not begin to tackle the major problem until yesterday. ）直到昨天他们才开始处理主要问题。It was not for several days that I had an opportunity of s
37、eeing the bird.（I did not have an opportunity of seeing the bird again for several days. ）过了好几天我才有机会又一次看见那只鸟。4）强调状语从句。It is because he smoked too much that hes got lung cancer. 正因为他抽烟太多才得了肺癌。It was not until I saw Mary next morning that I felt happy. （I did not feel happy until I saw Mary next morni
38、ng. ）直到第二天上午见到玛丽我才感到高兴。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1.The apples may soon rot under the present .A conditions B. conditionC. position D. situation变式1. His car is in poor _ and it cant be used any more. A state B. conditionC. position D. situation变式2. He agreed to lend us some money, _one condition that we would
39、pay back on time. A. in B. under C. for D. on解析：句意“在目前的环境下，苹果可能不久就会烂掉！”“环境下”常译作underconditions。答案A 变式1. 四个选项中只有condition可以做不可数名词，由于前没有冠词说明应填上一个不可数名词。答案: B 变式2. condition做条件讲时前面用介词on2. When they arrived at the cross roads, they went the wrong .A. path B. wayC. street D. direction变式1. Can you tell me
40、the direction _ the thief ran away? A. that B. which C. in which D. why解析：2. go the wrong way意为走错了路。而path, street 都不能与动词go 有这种搭配，名词direction之前加介词in 则可以，即go in the wrong direction走错了方向。没有介词in ，故排除direction。答案：C 变式1. 与direction搭配的介词是in,答案：C3. They had a pleasant chat_ a cup of coffee.A. for B. with C.
41、 during D. over 变式1. I will drive you _ to the office。 A. for B. with C. during D. over解析:3. over的意思是“在期间，直到过完”，题意为：他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。答案：D变式1. 考查短语drive sb. over to sp. 该短语中的over 为副词表示“越过一段距离”答案D4. -Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?-It _. A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. i
42、s all depending变式1. You can depend _ he will finish the job on time.A. on it B. it that C. that D. on it that解析：4. 本题考查的是“It （all）depends.”（那要看情况而定），也可说成“That （all）depends.”答案：B 变式1. 考查depend on it that 这个固定句型。所以答案为：D5. There is so little room desks that one cant get through them easily. A. in B. am
43、ong C. between D. over变式1. Tom is _ the most clever students.A. of B. among C. in D. 解析：5. between强调两两之间。答案：C 变式1. 考查“be + among + adj.最高级”这一句型。答案：B课后题：1.When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _ suggestions.A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable2._ snacks and drinks, but they als
44、o brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring3.Who do you know the teacher a speech at the meeting?A. has made B. has makeC. made D. making4.Spend your time just on the thing
45、s you find .A. being worth your whileB. them worth doingC. to be worth doingD. worth being done5. After October 1，the new law will .A. come to use B. come to effectC. come to an end D. come to a decision解析：1. 解析：本题考查形容词的辨析。从句子的语境分析，此处用practical。本句话的意思为“每当我们作假期计划时，妈妈总是给我们提出很实际的建议”。答案：B2. 本题考查倒装句的用法。当
46、not only位于句首时，其所引导的句子应该使用疑问句的语序。答案：B3.本句是has sb,do sth.句型，意思是：你知道老师让谁在会上发言吗？答案：B4.（that）you find to be worth doing是一个省略了that/which的定语从句，that/which在从句中做宾语，to be worth doing是不定式短语作宾补。答案：C5. C、D两项均与题意大相径庭，A项指（某器物）开始被使用，B项为“某法律条令准则等开始生效”，故B项正确。课后练习题A组：1.-It is reported that the government has lightened
47、the burden on the students.-Oh, today we are still from heavy school work, at preparing us for the entrance examination.A. suffering；aimed B. suffered；aimedC. suffered；aiming D. suffering；aiming2.The apples may soon rot under the present .A. conditions B. conditionC. position D. situation3.In this s
48、chool, staff are given completely freedom in their choice of language teaching .A. means B. methods C. ways D. manners4.Weve got to be and buy only what we can afford.A. real B. actual C. practical D. true5.It is to have a walk along the river after supper.A. a fun B. funnyC. great fun D. very fun6.
49、If better use is your spare time, youll make good progress in doing your business.A. spent B. taken C. used for D. made of7. many other scientists ,Albert Einstein enjoyed music besides scientific research work.A. In common with B. In commonC. In the same D. As8.Always acting in a strange manner, Ei
50、nstein must have to people around to be mad.A. appeared B. showedC. thought D. imagined9.-Will you go to visit the relic newly discovered in Xian together with us?- .A.I depend B. I depend on youC .It depends D. It depends on10. ,the students come to see the old man who has no children. They find he
51、 is growing weaker .A. Year after year；year by yearB. Year by year；year after yearC. Year after year；year after yearD. Year by year；year by year1.第一空应用主动形式；第二空应用现在分词表伴随。2.句意“在目前的环境下，苹果可能不久就会烂掉！”“环境下”常译作underconditions。3.“教学方法”常译成teaching methods。4.从“buy only what we can afford”可知，“我们变得讲求实际（而不是图虚荣）”。
52、5.fun为不可数名词，故不用冠词。6.此处为make good use of结构的变形形式，故答案为D 。7.本句题意为：“和许多其他科学家一样，爱因斯坦除了科学研究外，很喜欢音乐。”在搭配上，B、C两项都有错误。而D项的as侧重行为上的想像，后接句子或一种省略结构，此处用like更贴切。8.本题句意为：“行为举止总是很奇怪，对周围的人来说爱因斯坦看上去像是疯子一样。”根据四个选项的搭配。Appear后可直接跟不定式to do或to be;show的搭配为show sb,how(what)to do和show sb./sth.to be；imagine后接动名词，由此可以看出，appear为
53、正确用词。9.本句句意为“你愿意和我们一起去参加西安新发现的古迹吗？”“看情况吧。”10.本题考查year by year 与year after year的区别。两者都意为“每年，一年又一年”，但year by year的强调变化，而year after year强调重复。本题解释为：学生们每年都去看望那个无儿无女的老人。他们发现他一年比一年虚弱了。根据题意，每年看望老人这个动作是重复的，而老人变得越来越虚弱是强调一个变化过程。单词拼写1.I am a p man，so I try to do the things that I can do and should do.2.The Fool
54、ish Old Man r the mountains.3. S of workers is our main problem and we must employ more workers in case.4.Premier Wen Jiabao stressed the importance of increasing agricultural p .5.Only with this m can we solve this problem.答案：1.practical 2. removed 3. shortage 4. production 5. methodB组：一、 汉译英1. 他的年
55、龄虽老，但状况良好。2. 不要违背自然规律。3. 我可以把书借给你，条件是我想起谁借了他。4. 你想出了解决这个难题的方法了吗？5. 在我读书的阅览室里我把钥匙丢了6. 依我看我们的球队会获胜的。7. 你知道比赛什么时候开始吗？8. 他双腿分开站在那里。答案：1. He is old but in good condition.2. Dont go against nature.3. I can lend you my book on condition that I remember who borrowed it.4. Do you think of a way to settle the
56、 problem?5. It was in the reading room where I read books that I lost my keys.6. In my opinion, our team will win the match.7. Do you know when the game will start?8. He stood there with his feet wide apart.单句改错：1.The meeting was held to discuss the effects of tourism in the wildlife in the area.2.Many children in the countryside are short in books.3.I take note of what the teacher writes on the blackboard.4.The population of the city are surprising5.They are protected of the wind，rain and insects.1. in 改为 on 2. in 改为 of 3. note 改为 notes 4. are 改为 is 5. of 改为 from