1、英 语 选修 人教版新课标导学Unit 4Section Using Language 1 自主预习 2 合作探究 4 巩固提升 5 课时作业 3 写作探究 自 主 预 习.单词速记1_n倾向；趋势2_adj.分布广的；普遍的3_adj.平均的4_n生存，存在5_vt.拥护；提倡；主张6_n污染；弄脏7_n增长；生长8_adj.电的；与电有关的；用电的tendency widespread average existence advocate pollution growth electrical9_adj.随便的；漫不经心的，偶然的10_n环境；情况11_vt.使恢复；使振作12_n教育工作
2、者；教育家13_n贡献14_n显示；演出15_n分歧；不一致casual circumstance refresh educator contribution presentation disagreement .短语互译1_the whole大体上；基本上2on behalf_代表一方；作为的代言人3put up_容忍；忍受4so long_只要5and so_等等6turn_开大，调高7as _ as不但而且；既又8carry_实施，执行9have effect_对有影响10instead_代替；而不是on of with as on upwelloutonof.句型结构1.if not，
3、turn it off.如果不就把它关掉公式连词省略(状语从句)主句仿写你参加这次活动吗？如果不参加，你明天可以待在家里。Will you join in the activity？_，you can stay at home.If not2It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials.做这项工作需要技巧和体力。公式It(指代动词不定式短语)宾语动词不定式。仿写建造金字塔花费了奴隶们二十年的时间。_ slaves 20 years _.It tookto build the pyramid.课文理解()阅读课文，选择最佳答
4、案1Which is NOT the reason why Ouyang Guang writes the letter？_AHe is doing a project on global warming.BHe feels individuals can affect huge environmental problems.CHe isnt sure where to start with his project.DHe wants to get some suggestions from Earth Care.B2Which is NOT true according to the edi
5、tors letter？_ATogether，individuals can make a difference to environmental problems.BIndividuals must put up with pollution.CMany activities individuals do can produce carbon dioxide.DIndividuals can save energy to slow down global warming.3Who are the writers of the letters？_AAn editor.BOuyang Guang
6、.CEarth Care.DB and C.BD4Whats the main idea of the two letters？_ASome organizations should do something about global warming.BSuggestions on what to do about global warming.CIndividuals neednt do anything about global warming.DGovernments should take measures about global warming.B()阅读简答1What proje
7、ct is he doing according to Ouyang Guangs letter?_.2How can we individuals make a difference to the environment?_.He is doing a project on global warming.We can take the advice provided in Earth Cares letter and do something with pollution.寻规巧记词v.tionn.putprep./adv.动词短语pollution 污染contribution 贡献pre
8、sentation 显示population 人口determination 决心put on 穿上，戴上put up 张贴，举起put off 延期，推迟put out 扑灭，出版put down 记下，放下合 作 探 究The public advocated passing the law.公众支持通过这条法律。The group doesnt advocate the use of violence.该团体不主张使用暴力。He is an advocate of more airplanes and fewer warships.他是一个提倡多造飞机、少造军舰的人。重 点 词 汇 1a
9、dvocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张 nC提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者advocate sth./doing sth.提倡做某事advocate that sb.(should)do sth.提倡某人做某事；宾语从句需要用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，should可省略。I dont advocate building large factories.我不主张建造大工厂。The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.该报告主张所有的建筑物都应该安装烟火探测器。导学号 69824267补全句子(1)他
10、主张削减日常消费。He_ daily expenses.(2)人们主张政府应严惩那些醉酒驾驶的人。People advocate that the government _severely.(3)许多人主张增设医院。Many people _that more hospitals _.advocates reducingshould punish those drunk driversadvocateshould be builtIf you are serious about our relationship,you should make a commitment.如果你对我们的关系很认真
11、，你就应该给个承诺。The government will continue to honour its commitment to pensioners.政府将一如既往地向领取养老金的人兑现承诺。2commitment n承诺；交托；信奉(1)commitment to.对的拥护honour/fulfil/meet a commitment兑现承诺make a commitment(to do sth.)做出承诺(做)(2)commit vt.使同意；使承诺；vi.同意，承诺commit a crime犯罪commit suicide自杀commit to(doing)sth.承诺(做)，答
12、应(做)commit sb.to(doing)sth.使某人承诺做；使某人答应(做)I felt I did not have to make such a commitment to them.我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。I do not want to commit to any particular date.我不想定下具体的日期。She tried to commit suicide,but we saved her life by chance.她试图自杀，但我们碰巧救了她。导学号 69824268补全句子(1)我们已经答应帮忙，就一定会做到的。Weve _ to help
13、,and we will.(2)一个孩子在法律上是被看作无能力犯罪的。A child is considered legally incapable of_.made a commitmentcommitting a crimeHis father is an electrical engineer.他的父亲是一位电力工程师。3electrical adj.电的；与电有关的electrical,electric,electronicelectrical表示与电有关的人或事物，指“电的；电气的”。electric表示与电直接有关的，指“用电操作的；生电的；带电的”。electronic“电子的；
14、电子器件的”，常表示有电子作用的。导学号 69824269用“比较网站”中的词填空(1)The cooker isnt working because of an _ fault.(2)The child likes _ toys.(3)I got an _ organ as my birthday present.electricalelectricelectronicSuch casual dress would not be correct for a formal occasion.这样的便服不宜在正式的场合穿。We had a casual meeting on a crowded
15、train.我们在拥挤的火车上不期而遇。My car had broken down and I sought help from casual passersby.我的车抛锚了，我就向碰巧路过的人求助。4casual adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的casually adv.偶然地；无意地casualness n随便；偶然用恰当形式填空(1)Even if youre coming off a bicycle in Japan，you do not meet clients(客户)_(casual)dressed.解析：句意：在日本即使从自行车上掉下来，你也不要穿着随意地去见客户。考查副词
16、。此处修饰dressed，故用其副词形式。(2)She is casual_winning the prize.导学号 69824270casuallyaboutThe circumstances forced me to accept.环境迫使我不得不同意。He was forced by the circumstances to do this.他做此事是为环境所迫。Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled.由于无法控制的情况，讲座取消了。5circumstance n环境；情况circumstanc
17、e表示“条件，情况”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式。in/under the circumstances在这种情况下in/under no circumstances无论如何不(放于句首时，句子须用部分倒装语序。)Under the circumstances,we must rely on ourselves.在这样的情况下我们必须依赖自己。At no time and under no circumstances will China use nuclear weapons.在任何时间和任何情况下，中国都不会使用核武器。导学号 69824271补全句子(1)I dont remember a
18、ll the _of the quarrel.我不记得争吵的所有情况了。(2)Under no circumstances_your dreams even if everybody goes far away from you.即使每个人都远离了你，你也决不应该放弃你的梦想。circumstancesshould you give upA cool drink refreshed me after my long walk.走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。A long vacation will refresh me.长假过后我就会重新振作精神。6refresh vt.使恢复；
19、使振作前缀re：前缀re(back)，表示“又，再，回”。rebuildre(back再)build(建造；建设)vt.重建renewre(back再，重)new(新)vt.重新；重新开始reviewre(back再)view(观察，观看)vt./n.复习retellre(back再，重)tell(讲述)vt.复述(1)refresh ones memory恢复记忆refresh oneself with sth.用某物给某人提神(2)refreshing adj.使人神清气爽的refreshment nU恢复精神；pl.点心导学号 69824272完成句子(1)I looked at the
20、 map_of the road.我看看地图以唤起对这条路的记忆。(2)He has drunk one cup of coffee_.他喝了一杯咖啡提神。(3)It made a _change to be taken seriously for once.总算受到一次认真对待，这变化真是令人耳目一新。to refresh my memoryto refresh himselfrefreshingThe signing of such a treaty would be a major contribution towards world peace.签订这样一项条约是对世界和平的重大贡献。
21、7contribution n贡献；捐助；稿件make contributions to对作出贡献相当于make a contribution tocontribute v捐助；捐献；贡献出；投稿contribute to有助于；促使；导致contributor n贡献者；捐助者；投稿者contributive adj.贡献的；出资的；有助的The doctor makes a great contribution to the public health.这位医生对公共健康作出了巨大的贡献。Before the millionaire died,he had decided to contr
22、ibute most of his wealth tothe charity organization.那位百万富翁去世之前，将他的大部分财产捐给了那家慈善组织。导学号 69824273单句改错(1)Having a business allows you to make contribution to society._.用恰当形式填空(2)More and more carbon dioxide is being released into the air，_(contribute)to the severer global warming effects.(3)He has made a
23、n important_(contribute)to the companys success.make后加acontributingcontributionEvery second counts if you want to be successful.如果你想成功，每一秒都重要。It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.重要的不是你读了多少，而是你读了些什么。8count vi.有重要意义；算；数得上 vt.计算；认为count on/upon依靠；指望count out数；数出count up给计数导学号 6982
24、4274完成句子(1)Every point in the game_(重要)(2)We have invited 50 people，_(不算小孩)(3)We cant_(指望)this warm weather lasting.(4)She began to_(计算)how many guests they had to invite.countsnot counting the children incount oncount upPlease accept my apology on behalf of the hotel.请接受我代表酒店向您道歉。They presented the
25、 Queen with a bouquet on behalf of the women students.她们代表女学生向女王献花。1on behalf of代表一方；作为的代言人重 点 短 语 on behalf of sb./on sb.s behalf 代表(或代替)某人；为帮助某人；因为某人；为了某人in behalf of sb./in sb.s behalf为帮助某人Thank you very much for your tireless efforts on our behalf.非常感谢你为我们所做的不懈努力。The President signed the treaty
26、in behalf of his government.总统代表他的政府在条约上签了字。导学号 69824275补全句子(1)我谨代表全家感谢大家。I would like to thank all of you_.(2)不要为了我去费力做这件事了。Dont trouble to do it _.on behalf of my familyon my behalfThat woman was a servant,who had a lot to put up with.那妇人是一个仆人，不得不忍受许多烦恼。We cant put up with the smell coming from th
27、e river behind our school.我们忍受不了从学校后面那条河里飘来的气味。2put up with忍受；容忍(1)同义词：bear,stand,tolerate(2)put aside节省，储蓄，储存备用put down写下，记下put forward提出(建议)；把向前拨put off延期，推迟put on穿上，戴上；演出put out熄灭，扑灭put through给接通(电话)I cant bear to think of it.我都忍受不了去想它。I cant stand Tom;he talks too much.汤姆话太多了，我受不了了。The boss can
28、t tolerate eating in the office.老板不能容忍在办公室内吃东西。He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.他提出一项计划交由委员会审议。One should always put a little money aside for a rainy day.一个人总应积攒点钱以备不时之需。She washed the cups and put them away.她洗完杯子后便把它们收了起来。Let me put down your telephone number in case I forget it.
29、让我先记下你的电话号码，以免忘了。导学号 69824276单句改错(1)The air condition in the city is so bad and I cant put up with._.补全句子(2)Commercial advertisement is one of the things we_when watching TV.商业广告是我们在看电视时不得不忍受的东西之一。用 put 短语的适当形式填空(3)No longer able to _my toothache，I went to consult a dentist.(4)Who knows the answer？P
30、lease _your hand.with后加ithave to put up withput up withput upIll help you so long as I have time.只要我有时间我会帮助你的。I dont care,so long as she let me be with her.只要她让我和她在一起，我才不在乎呢。You may borrow this book,so long as you keep it clean.这本书你只要能保持整洁，就可以借给你。3so long as只要条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句(即虚拟条件句)。能引导真实条件句的
31、连词除了so/as long as外，还有if，unless，suppose/supposing(that)，providing/provided that，given(that)，on condition that，only if等。If you are tired,we will go straight home.如果你疲倦了，我们就直接回家。I wont go to the party unless Im invited.除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会的。You can go there on condition that you dont come back late for di
32、nner.你可以去那儿，条件是回来吃饭不能太晚。Supposing that there is no pure water;what shall we drink?假如没有纯净的水，人们喝什么？I will go providing/provided that you go too.如果你也去，我就去。Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。Given that he can get another chance,he will surely succeed.如果他能再一次得到机
33、会的话，他肯定会成功的。so long as与as long as用法一样吗？as long as只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句。as long as还可意为“与一样长，长达”。导学号 69824277汉译英(1)他一天工作多达十个小时。_.英译汉(2)So long as you are going to town tomorrow，you can do something for me.译：_，你可以为我做点事情。单句改错(3)So long you can put your friends interests in front of yours，yo
34、u will have a lot of good friends._He works as long as ten hours a day.既然你明天进城long后加as(1)本句为主从复合句，as引导原因状语从句，在该从句中where to start.作Im not sure的宾语；you may have为定语从句，修饰suggestions。where to start with my project为“疑问词不定式”结构。疑问代词(who，what，which等)和疑问副词(when，where，how等)后面跟不定式，构成“疑问词 不 定 式”结 构，这 种 结 构 在 句 中
35、可 以 作 主 语、宾 语(一 般 用 在 tell，understand，explain，advise，discuss等后面)、表语等。如：经 典 句 式 1As Im not sure where to start with my project,I would appreciate anysuggestions you may have.因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我会感激你们的任何建议。主语Where to go tomorrow has not been decided.明天到什么地方去尚未决定。How to divide labor among the workers
36、 is still a question.这些工人之间如何分工仍是个问题。宾语He has to learn how to hunt for food，and make fire.他得学会如何寻找食物以及生火。You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim，and you should always wear a life jacket.如果不会游泳，就不要木筏漂流，并且应始终穿着救生衣。介宾He gave me some advice on where to find help.他给我一些建议到什么地方寻找援助。He has no
37、idea of how to answer this question.他不知道怎样回答这个问题。表语The most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.最难的挑战就是生活中孤独无友。The question is which to choose.问题是挑选哪一个。将该结构改成从句时，需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语。如：How to do it is a question.How we should do it is a question.我们该怎样做是一个问题。Which to choose
38、is important.Which we should choose is important.我们要选哪个很重要。(2)此处为be sure疑问词不定式结构.；另外be sure后面可以跟从句或跟介词of/about动名词或名词，意为“确信”，“对有把握”。besure不定式，“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”。Im sure what to do next.我确定下一步要做什么。Im not sure where to go.我不确定去那里。Im not sure when to finish the task.我不确定什么时候完成任务。用恰当词语填空(1)I am not sure_ I
39、will have anything else to do tomorrow.Anyhow，Iwill try every possible means to come to the party.解析：句意：我不确定明天是否有其他事情要做。无论如何，我将尝试每种可能的方法来参加聚会。根据句意可知答案为whether。补全句子(2)(真题改编辽宁)有二十名学生要去听如何快速阅读的课。Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _.导学号 69824278whetherhow to read fast此处if not是if
40、 you dont use it的省略形式，属于if型省略结构，意为“如果不是这样的话”。Ask her if it is a convenient time.If not,can she suggest another possible time?问问她那个时间方便不方便。要是不方便，那她可不可以另提一个可行的时间？2It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itifnot,turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！if so如果这样if any如果有i
41、f ever如果曾有过的话if necessary/possible如果有必要/可能导学号 69824279补全句子(1)如果可能的话，我将努力成为一名志愿者，为他人提供帮助。_，I will try to become a volunteer，who offers help to others.(2)Youd better get up early_，youll be late for class.你最好早起。否则，你就会上课迟到的。If possibleIf not3It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials,so,
42、if you can,buy things made from recycled materials.用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品。句子分析如下：It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，并列分句1 It takes(sb.)精力/时间to do sth.句型表示“做某事花费(某人)多少精力/时间”。Itll take a while to sort this problem out.得需要一段时间才能把这问题处理完。“花费”句型荟萃：takeIt takes s
43、b.some time/energy to do sth.It takes some time/energy for sb.to do sth.Sth.takes some time/energy to dopaySb.pays for sth.Sb.pays some money for sth.Sb.pays sb.to do sth.spendSb.spends some time/money on sth.Sb.spends some time in doing sth.cost：Sth.costs sb.some moneyThe journey should take us abo
44、ut three days.这次旅程将花费我们大约 3 天时间。We are spending a lot more on food than we used to.我们在食物上的花销比过去多多了。导学号 69824280翻译句子(1)乘出租车去那儿用时极少。_.(2)买一辆新车要花这对新婚夫妇很多钱。_.It takes little time to take a taxi there.It will take the new couple a lot of money to buy a new car.写 作 探 究如何写关于环保的文章环保类作文的写作，一般要注重描述环境的现状，阐述环境对
45、人类生存的重要性，并讨论加强环境保护的必要性。具体写作时多运用夹叙夹议式的表达方法。根据题目所提供的信息，确定写作时的人称及时态，并结合现实中的实际情况，阐述环境的现状，就保护环境的必要性及重要性发表见解。写 作 指 导常用参考词汇1起重大作用，有很大影响make a great difference2同作斗争 fight against3可循环利用材料 recyclable materials4白色污染 white pollution5捡垃圾pick up rubbish6发表演讲make a speech7清理公园 clear the park8保护环境 protect the envir
46、onment9张贴布告 put up notices10鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb.to do sth.常用表达句式1Nowadays，has become great concern of2Everyone can do sth.for our environment.3Everyone can make a great difference to.4do great harm to.5contribute/lead to.6fight against pollution7.live in a safer and more comfortable environment8It
47、is high time that we should take action.9Strong measures should be taken to.10appeal to sb.to do sth.11.advocate that.should do sth.常用结构2017年6月5日(世界环境日)下午放学后，你(李梅)与你班同学在学校附近的公园组织了一次环保活动。请根据下面内容，给某报社写封信，介绍活动的基本情况，并谈谈你的看法。活动内容：1捡垃圾，帮助打扫公园；2张贴标语，告诉大家别乱扔杂物、随地吐痰；3发表演讲，倡导不用塑料袋，循环使用物品。注意：1可以适当增加细节，以使内容连贯；2
48、开头部分已经给出，不计入总词数；3词数：100左右。话 题 导 入参考词汇：吐痰v.spit；塑料n.&adj.plasticDear editor，On the afternoon of June 5,2017，our class organized an activity in the nearbypark to celebrate the World Environment Day_Yours，Li Mei参考范文Dear editor，On the afternoon of June 5,2017，our class organized an activity in the nearb
49、ypark to celebrate the World Environment Day.On arriving there,we picked uprubbish and helped clean the park.Then we put up some notices to remind visitors notto leave things around or spit everywhere.Finally,we gave a speech to warn thevisitors of the danger of white pollution and advise them not t
50、o use plastic bags.At thesame time the visitors were encouraged to buy products made of recyclable materialsand use them again.I believe there are many things we can do to protect the environment.Evensmall things make a big difference.We should work together to fight against pollutionand make our environment safer and more comfortable to live in.Yours，Li Mei亮点点评1总体评价本文要点全面，写作线索清晰，措辞得当严谨，过渡自然。2语言亮点on arriving there 一到那里(就)。finally，at the same time等过渡词的使用。things we can do to.定语从句的使用。Even small things.递进词语的应用，使文章更有层次感和说服力。巩 固 提 升 课 时 作 业