1、英 语 选修 人教版新课标导学Unit 4Section Learning about Language1 自主预习 2 合作探究 6 达标验收 7 课时作业 3 单元语法 4 高考链接 5 专项练习 自 主 预 习.单词速记1_(n.)倾向；趋势_(vi.)&(vt.)趋向2_(adj.)分布广的；普遍的3_(adj.)平均的4_(n.)生存；存在_(vt.)存在；生存，生活5_(adj.)外部的；外面的tendency tend widespread average existence exist outer .短语互译1重视，强调 _2有做某事的倾向 _.3产生；成立 _4平均 _5大体
2、上；基本上 _put/place emphasis on have a tendency to do e into existence on the/an average on the whole .语法感悟it用于强调句型对句子的_语、_语、表语或_语强调可以用强调句型，其基本构成是：It is/was_that(who/whom)句子的其他成分。强调人时可以用who，也可用that，人作宾语时还可用whom；强调其他成分时一律用_。当 被 强 调 部 分 是 主 语 时，who/that 之 后 的 谓 语 动 词 在 人 称 和 数 上 与_保持一致。判断强调句的基本方法是_。主宾状强调
3、部分that (该)主语去掉It is/was.that后，看句子结构是否完整，若完整即是强调句合 作 探 究 Food shortages are widespread.食物短缺的情况很普遍。Hunger in North Korea remains widespread.饥荒在朝鲜仍然普遍存在。Will that translate into widespread adoption?它将得到广泛的应用吗？重 点 词 汇 1widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的导学号 69824252补全句子Now simplified Chinese characters have _(普遍的)u
4、se in Chinas mainland.widespread The average of 4,8 and 60 is 24.4、8和60的平均数是24。What is the average rainfall for August in your country?你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少？It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的产品。2average adj.平均的；普通的 n平均数on(the)average平均above/below average高于/低于平均水平average out平均数为On the average,there a
5、re 300 tourists a week.每星期平均有300个游客。His reading ability is below the average.他的阅读能力低于一般水准。His performance is above the average.他的成绩在一般水平之上。average，common,ordinary,general,normal与usualaverage强调“平均的”。common强调“常见的，普通的”。ordinary强调“平常的，平淡无奇的”。general意为“普遍的，一般的”。normal形容人或者物符合常态或者常规，意为“正常的”。usual用来指事物，意为“
6、通常的，惯常的”，含有“随风俗或者习惯而常常发生”之意，反义词为unusual。Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.他平常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。This book is intended for the general reader，not for the specialist.这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。Her temperature is normal.她的体温正常。He came home later than usual.他回家比平时
7、晚了些。用恰当词语填空(1)_average，I spend$100 on books each month.解析：句意：我每个月买书平均花费100美元。考查固定短语。on average平均来看。(2)Media use totaled an average_ five and a half hours a day.解析：句意：一天平均使用媒体5个半小时。考查固定短语。an average of.平均。导学号 69824253On of (3)But _average，healthy people live 84 years.Smokers live about 77 years，and o
8、bese people live about 80 years.解析：句意：但是健康人平均寿命为84岁。吸烟者寿命约为77岁，肥胖者的寿命约为80岁。考查固定短语。on average平均来看。on Pollution poses a threat to the existence of this species.污染对这一物种的生存造成了威胁。According to some philosopher,everything in existence is reasonable.某位哲学家认为，任何存在的事物都是合理的。3existence n生存；存在(1)come into existen
9、ce产生，成立bring.into existence使产生，成立in existence现存的(2)exist v存在；实际上有exist on靠生存existing adj.现行的，目前的existent adj.现有的用恰当词语填空(1)Her experiences indicate that there still _(exist)discrimination in theUS.解析：句意：她的经历表明在美国仍然存在着歧视。本题考查动词。exist“存在”，用第三人称单数。导学号 69824254exists (2)With as many as 120 varieties _ ex
10、istence,discovering how cancer worksis not easy.解析：句意：现有多达120种，发现癌症的运行(机制)是不容易的。本题考查介词。in existence“存在着；现有”，根据语境可知答案。(3)The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human_(exist)，from stone tools to modern technology.解析：句意：工业发展经过了石器工具(时代)到了现代技术(时代)，是一个贯穿人类生存(历史)的渐进的过程。本题考查名词。exi
11、st的名词形式是existence。in existence My opinion is on the whole the same as yours.我的意见大体上和你的相同。On the whole,the tone was right.调子基本上是正确的。on the whole大体上；基本上重 点 短 语 on the whole与as a wholeOur party is on the whole successful.我们的聚会总的来说是成功的。The rule does not only apply to seniors,but to the school as a whole
12、.该规则不仅用于毕业班，而且全校都适用。on the whole“总体上；大体上”，并非百分之百之意。as a whole“作为整体；整体看来”，用来表示所有部分都已经考虑。导学号 69824255补全句子(1)总的来说，我们的人口正在逐渐老龄化。_，our population is getting older.(2)不过，总的来说，汉字从图画发展成了标准形式。However，_，the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.On the whole as a whole 1lowlying在句中的意思是“位置
13、低的”。这是一个复合形容词，由“形容词现在分词”构成。如：goodlooking好看的；easygoing随和的经 典 句 式 Lowlying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sealevels.一些地势较低的国家由于海水的上涨而感到它们已陷入被海水淹没的危险之中。复合形容词有以下几种构成方法：(1)形容词形容词/分词/名词ed/名词darkblue深蓝的brightshining明亮的firstclass一流的kindhearted好心的(2)名词形容词/分词/名词edsnowwhite雪白的manm
14、ade人造的timeconsuming费时的stonehearted铁石心肠的(3)副词分词/形容词/名词hardworking勤劳的wellknown著名的allround全面的offcampus校园外的2in danger是介词短语，意为“在危险中”。如：He told me that the girl was in danger,so we went to help her.他告诉我那个女孩处境危险，因此我们去帮她。(be)out of danger脱险(脱离险境)(be)in danger of处于危险之中“inn.”表示“在(情况、状态)中”。in debt欠债in trouble
15、陷入困境in order 井井有条in public 当众；公开in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪in sight 看见in silence 沉默着in a mess 乱七八糟，陷入窘境导学号 69824256补全句子吉尔伯特似乎有失去生命的危险，但幸运的是，他最终脱离了危险。It appeared that Gilbert was _ losing his life,but luckily he was _ in the end.in danger of out of danger 单 元 语 法 it可用于强调结构中。在语言的使用过程中，有时我们要根据具体语境的需要对句中的某些成分进行强
16、调，这时候我们就需要一种特殊的句型强调句。强调句型可以强调除谓语以外的句子的其他任何成分。1强调句型的基本结构It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。Was it in 2008 that China held the Olympic Games?是不是在2008年中国举办了奥运会？When was it that China held the Olympic Games?是在何时中国举办了奥运会？it的用法()强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who
17、其他成分。强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他成分？2强调句型的时态Mr.Wang almost visits the club every day.It is the club that Mr.Wang almost visits every day.王先生几乎每天都到这个俱乐部。We had a wonderful holiday in Paris last summer.It was in Paris that we had a wonderful holiday last summer
18、.去年夏天在巴黎，我们度过了一个愉快的假期。如果原句中谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时间范畴的时态(如：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is被强调部分that/who其他成分。如果原句中谓语动词为过去时间范畴的时态(如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was被强调部分that/who其他成分。3在强调句型中，强调原句中的主语时，that/who后的谓语单复数的确定The little boy has broken a beautiful jar.It is the little boy who/tha
19、t has broken a beautiful jar.They are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.在强调句型中，若强调原句中的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式一致。4如果对含有“not.until.”句子中的until引导的时间状语进行强调时，需将主句中的否定副词not连同until时间状语一起提前并被强调。即：It is/was not until.t
20、hat其他成分He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.直到他妈妈回来他才去睡觉。5强调句型用于名词性从句中及与定语从句相结合The question is whom it is that we can turn to for help.(名词性从句)问题是我们到底能向谁求助。It is in the hotel where he stayed last night that he lost his mobile phone.(定
21、语从句)就是在昨天晚上他呆的旅馆里，他丢了手机。点津：(1)强调句型用来强调句子中除谓语之外的其他成分，而谓语的强调则用do或did完成。He did come here yesterday.昨天他确实来了。(2)强调句型中要用that来引导除被强调部分是人以外的其他成分，但是若被强调部分指人that可与who互换。(3)辨别是否为强调句型的一个简单方法：去掉强调结构中的it is/was及that/who，若句子成立，则为强调句型，否则不是。高 考 链 接 1(2017天津，11改编)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I firstcame a
22、cross my new neighbors.解析：考查强调句型。当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was和空格，句意完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，应用that。that 2(2016天津13改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel_ the coach picks up tourists.解析：考查强调句。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was强调部分that其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语
23、at the hotel。故填that。that 3(2015真题改编重庆)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19thcentury _ his musical gift was fully recognized.解析：句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until连用。It be not until that.故填that。4(2015真题改编重庆)It was when we were returning home _ Irealized what a good feeling it
24、was to have helped someone in trouble.解析：考查强调句。that that 专 项 练 习 对句中加黑部分进行强调 导学号 698242571I want to see the film._want to see the film.2I met her yesterday._I met her.3She wanted to win a gold medal._she wanted to win.4When did you call me yesterday?_you called me yesterday?It is I who It was yester
25、day that It was a gold medal that When was it that 5They havent worked for three hours._they havent worked.6She didnt go to work because her mother was ill._she didnt go to work.7I came to the city ten years ago._I came to the city.8(2016天津高考)You are waiting at a wrong place.The coach picks uptouris
26、ts at the hotel.You are waiting at a wrong place_the coach picks uptourists.It is for three hours that It was because her mother was ill that It was ten years ago that It is at the hotel that 9He is a student in this school._he is in this school.10The boss didnt close his factory until the waste water killed the fish inthe river._thewastewaterkilledthefishintheriver_ his factory.It is a student that It was not until that the boss closed 达 标 验 收 课 时 作 业