1、必修I-unit 1I-1 Friendship一、知识点1. be good to 对友好be good for 对有益；be bad to/be bad forI will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人.It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地方度假会给你带来很多好处。The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商业的发展。be good at 擅长make good 有成就；成功as good as 实际上；几
2、乎等于a good deal 许多，大量 彻底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink 喝个痛快2. add up 加起来add up to 合计，总计add to 把加到 add to 增加Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来，看看得多少？Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead t
3、hey offer help when it is needed.The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是270。You shouldnt add fuel to the flame 你不应该火上加油Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。Your friend can not go until he f
4、inishes cleaning his bike.notuntil/till 意思是“直到才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。They did not come back until eleven. 他们会在十一点后回来。I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。4. You had to pay to get it repairedget sth done 使完成/让某人做某事5. You will ignore the bell
5、 and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!calm down使平息, 使平静calm down平息/平静下来The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。It was a long time before he managed to calm himself down. 过了很久他才努力使自己冷静下来。We tried to calm him down, but he kept cryi
6、ng.我们试图让他平静下来，但他仍不停地哭着。6. Tell your friend that you are concerned about him. be concerned about关心，挂念He was very concerned about his childrens education. 他很关心他儿子的教育。Please dont be concerned about me.请别为我操心。Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那么关注他对她的工作的看法？7. Your friend has go
7、ne on holiday and asked you to take care of his dog.go on holiday 度假be on holiday 正在休假What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together.我们大家一起去度假那可太有意思了.take care of 爱护，照料take care 注意，当心You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your health. 你的体格不壮，因此最好注意健康。8. While walkin
8、g the dog, you were careless and it got loose. 在遛狗的时候，你一粗心松开了手中的狗链。当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。walk sb home/ to a place: 为保证安全而陪某人去某地 Its late - let me walk you home.9. take ones end-of-term exam 参加期末考试? ?10. 3) Your friend, who doesnt work hard, asks you to h
9、elp him cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定语从句）cheat in the exam 考试作弊11. look at someone elses paper 看别人的试卷12. make a list of reasons 列举一些原因13. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？14. go through遭遇；经历；熬过；用光(钱)；获准，通过It c
10、an go through the test of the time. 它能经受时间的考验.She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her family.He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。15. hide away?躲藏；隐藏16. I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,我不愿像大多数人一样在日记中记流水账，Wh
11、y dont you set your ideas down on paper?We have had a series of stormy days when we were on the island.The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。16. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything t
12、o do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。 17. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.?我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。18. I stayed awake on purpose until half past elev
13、en one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。19. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。She speaks French far better than I, so I dont dare talk with her in French.20. I happened to be upsta
14、irs at dusk when the window was open. 黄昏时我碰巧在楼上，那时窗户是开着的。sth happen to sb 某人发生某事What happened to him?sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事? ?正巧 it so happened that 。It happened that he was seen by his father. = He happened to be seen by his father.他碰巧被他父亲看见了。As I was about to go out and search for him, he hap
15、pened to come in. 正当我打算出去找他时，他恰巧进来。The street lights go on at dusk. 街上的路段在傍晚时分亮起来。21. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。It is the first (secondetc) that (从句谓语动词用现在完成时)It was the first (secondetc) that (从句谓语动词用过去完成时)the first time 可作从属连
16、词用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.It was the first time that I talked with a foreigner face to face.I think we need a face-to-face talk so as to clear the misunderstanding.I have often heard of her. Actually, Ive never met her face to face.22. in ones power 处于的控制之中I have got him
17、 in my power. I can ask him to do anything I want. 我控制了他，我可以让他为我做任何事。23. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。Its no good/ use doing sth. 做某事时没用的。24. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in th
18、e hiding place.25. suffer from 患病; 受苦痛;遭受Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam. 世界上大多数大城市都交通堵塞为患。26. It was such fun to watch it run loose in the park.27. Ive got tired of looking nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.28. I need to pack up my things in the suitc
19、ase very quickly.29. Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.30. have some trouble with sb or sth. 在上遇到了麻烦I have some trouble with my studies.31. get a
20、long with sb/sth. 与某人相处怎样/某事进展如何？If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。32. This has made me angry.he made her diary her best friendmake 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式: make sb. do
21、sth.让(使)某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.(注意在被动句中，不定式前要加to)make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被When you speak, you should make yourself understood.(4) make sb.+n. 使某人成为make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. We mad
22、e him leader of our team. (注意表示职位的名词前不加冠词)He made it easy for us to understand the text.33. Im not good at communicating with people.34. Although I tried to talk to my classmates, I still found it hard to make friends with them.35. I do want to change this situation, but I dont know how.36. Mr. Jone
23、s lives alone and often feels lonely. 琼斯先生单独一人生活，常常感到孤独。 37. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.? ?如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。?（I would be grateful if?委婉客气提出请求）38. join in discussions and show interest in other peoples ideas39. Its a good habit for you to keep a diary.? ?记日记对你来说是个好习惯。40. Wh
24、y not have a try?41.True friends are like wine; the older, the better.42. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.43. A friend in need is a friend indeed.必修I-unit 2I-II English around the world一、知识点1. go to the pictures去看电影（美）；go to the movies 去看电影（
25、英）2. list the countries that use English as an official language 列举把英语用作官方语言的国家3. the road to 通向之路4. at the end of在末端，在尽头，by the end最后（=finally）5. because of 因为 （注意和because 的区别）Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.因为污染严重，许多美丽的鱼类正在面临绝种。An argument was inevitable b
26、ecause they disliked each other so much.争论是不可避免的，因为他们彼此非常厌恶。6. native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人7. even if (= even thoug)即使，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是even if/even though,引导的从句中不用将来时。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.8. come up 走上前来，走近，发生，出现 come up with 追上，赶上，提出9.
27、Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.事实上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展、有所变化。10. be different from 与不同be different in 在不同Most of my projects will be wildly different in performance from one night to the next.我多数作品每天晚上的演奏风格都各不相同。As we know, Britain En
28、glish is a little different from American English.中所周知，英国英语和美国英语有点不同。11. be based on 以为基础The relationship between our two countries is based upon mutual respect. 两个国家的关系以相互尊重为基础。This book is based on a true story that happened in the 1930s. 这本书以发生在20世纪三十年代的真实故事为基础。 The reporter asked the writer who
29、he based his character on. 记者问作家他作品的人物是以谁为原型的。12. at present 目前，眼下be present at 在席；出席present sth to sb / present sb with sth把推荐，呈现for the present眼前；暂时present oneself 出席；到场13. make (great/ good/better/full)use ofWe have a lot of work to do, so we have to make good use of time.我们有很多工作要做，所以要好好利用时间。14.
30、The latter gave a separate identity to Amerian English speaking. 后者体现了美国英语的不同特色。15. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 比如说， 印度拥有众多讲英语流利的人，这是应为英国于1765到1947年统治过印度。(A small number of friends came to help him when he was i
31、n trouble)16. such as 例如for example In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book. 这一段里面有很多名词，例如男孩、女孩和书本。Many great men have risen from poverty-Lincoln, for example. 许多伟人从贫困中崛起，例如林肯。You can take your research work for example.你可以拿你的研究工作做个例子。17. Today, the number of people learn
32、ing English in China is increasing rapidly. 目前在中学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。18. the largest number of 大多数的China has the largest number of people.中国有着世界上最多的人。19. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native speaker. 中国人说英语很难像以英语为母语的人说英语那么流利。20. One reason is that English has a large
33、 vocabulary. 一个原因是英语有很大的词汇量。21. different English speaking countries 不同的说英语的国家22. sing sb a song = sing a song for sb23. turn offturn onturn upturn down24. hold on 坚持住，握住不放；(打电话时)不挂断，等会hold on to vt. 拉住(抓牢)25. believe it or not 信不信由你26. those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent En
34、glish 人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语27. you will hear the difference in the way（that/ in which） people speak. 你会听出人们在说话时的差异。28. play a role/ part (in) 在中担任角色；在中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与play an important role/ part 在中起重要作用Deng Xiaoping played an important part in developing the economy in China.邓小平在中国经济的发展过程中起着重要作用。29. fr
35、om one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方30. the same as 与一样31. they still recognize and understand each others dialects. 他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。32. No problem.没问题33. a nice fall day = a lovely autumn day34. at the top of在顶上，在最高位，at the bottom of 在底部35. keep fit 保持健康You need exercise and keep fit.你需要运动和保持体形。36.
36、 build up逐渐积聚，集结；逐步建立；增进，增强bring up 教养，养育；提出37. When you learn English, try to have fun with the language. 当学英语的时候，努力找出语言的乐趣。38. Visitors are requested not to take photos in the museum. 博物馆要求参观的旅客不得在馆内拍照。39. by candle light 借助于烛光 40. be satisfied with对感到满意，满足于Never be satisfied with just a little su
37、ccess. 不要有一点成绩就满足。41. She suggested using CDs to listen to English songs and learn English expressions, watching the news and interviews on CCTV 9, and trying to listen to native speakers.她建议用CD来听英语歌曲和学习英语短语，看新闻和中央电视台9套访谈，努力听以英语为母语的人说话。It is suggested that .有人提议. I suggest that .我觉得认为I suggested you
38、 do what he says. 我建议你按照他说的去做。I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天还是不要去了。His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他苍白的脸色暗示了他身体不好。42. at sea在海上 当海员 迷惑, 茫然by sea乘船，经海路by the sea在海边, 在海岸边 in the sea在海里on the sea 在海上beyond/over the sea在海外She tried to understand the instructions, but she was co
39、mpletely at sea.她费尽力气想看懂那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。43. according to 按照 He lives according to her means他按他的方式生活必修I-unit 3I-III Travel journal一、知识点1.preferprefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一套？I prerer to go to America for my fruther study. 我更愿意选择去美国进修学习。Anne prefer
40、s me to replace her at the meeting. 安妮更愿意我代替她去参加会议。1.advantages and disadvantages 优劣2.How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他们是如何利用它的3.flow through 流过，流经4.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。? ?连
41、词since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since 后不用从句或词语。It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从至今已经多久了。since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直5.persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to. 即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。6. gr
42、ow up in western Yunnan 在云南西部长大7. .After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。强调句型It is/wasthat/who
43、的用法归纳如下：强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。 含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型: 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？ 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？9.schedual for the trip 旅行计划10.be fond of 喜欢，喜爱Although she didnt know
44、the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。 （注意1：Although conj. “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。拓展： although 从句多在句首， though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而although 无此用法。 although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even thoug
45、h(即使，尽管)中不能用although。 though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词后的动词原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。注意2：insist 在这里的意思是“坚持要求”后面的that从句用虚拟语气；如果insist 意为“强调，坚持认为”的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如：She insisted that she didnt tell a lie.她强调她没撒谎。另外，还可以用insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、坚持主张，如：She insists on getting up early and play
46、ing her radio loudly她老是一大早起来把收音机音量开大。）11.care about details 考虑细节 （The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的就是金钱。care for 喜欢，照料，照顾 I dont really care for red wine. 我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，谁来照顾你的孩子？12.give me a determined look给了我一个坚定的眼神13.change ones mind 改
47、变主意14.she seemed to be excited about it. 似乎显得兴奋15.an interesting experience一次有趣的经历16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。Once 可作为从属连词，作“一(旦)就”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。如：Once you have begin you must continue.Once print
48、ed，the book will be very popular。17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across wetern Yunnan Province. 它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。19.He is so stubborn that no one can per
49、suade him to do anything. 他太固执，没有一人能劝动他做事。20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 不论工作多难，一个坚决的人总是努力地去完成它。21.My grandapa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river. 我爷爷喜欢钓鱼，有时他整天在河边钓鱼。22.I prefer the red dress to the green one because it f
50、its me better.我喜欢那件红色的衣服不喜欢那件绿色的，因为红色的更合我的身。23.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.音乐会顺利地进行，因为李佩组织地相当好。24.I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted. Finally I gave in.我想付火车票费用，但我朋友坚持他付。最后我让步了。25.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking t
51、he bus.她说服了我们不做公共汽车而是骑车去工作。26.As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.由于双方都不让步，那天没有形成决议。27.The task was difficult, but Helens determined expression let me know that she would not give up.虽然工作很难，但海伦的坚定神情使我知道她不会放弃。28.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the sta
52、rs up close. 我多么希望我能够进行太空旅行，近距离地看看星星啊。29.The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.第一次看Steven Spieberg执导的电影“ET”时，他就下定决心也要当一名导演。30.a large parcel of 一大包31.We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.我们要投保给一切问题保险。32.O
53、ur legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.我们的腿又冷又沉，感觉就像大冰块。33.Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看我们。34.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。35.as usual 像往常一样36
54、.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. 在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。37.We saw many sheep eating green grass. 我们看到羊群在吃草。38.make camp宿营39.put up our tent 搭帐篷40.stay awake 睡不着，醒着41.at midnight 在半夜42.for company 做伴43.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下44.We can hardly wait to
55、 see them.我们迫不及待地想要见到他们。45.Good luck on your journey. 祝你旅途愉快46.When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey? 当你出游的时候问什么不记旅行日记呢？47.see the world through somebody elses eyes 通过别人的眼睛看世界 48.go in the right direction 走正确的方向49.The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.乌龟以很慢的速度行进。If you pace yourse
56、lf, you will be able to work efficiently. 如果你为自己定好了速度，你就会高效地工作。50.be similar to 类似于51.afford to do sth 付得起，能承担52.be tired from因而疲劳be tired of 对厌倦53.be in high spirits 喜气洋洋，兴高采烈e true 实现，成真55.Ask them to give you some advice on improving it. 要他们就如何改进提一些建议。56.a guide to 的指南57.on a tour 在游览中，在巡演中58.in
57、detail 详细地必修I-unit 4I-IV Earthquakes一、知识点1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大地震。“There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有：There happen to be 碰巧有There seems/appears to be 好像有There is likely to be 可能有There may/might be 也许有There must be 一定有There cant be 不可能有There
58、is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有There used to be 曾经有There is sure/certain to be 一定有2. happen to.It (so) happened thatDid you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up? 如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?I happened to see Peter on the way to th
59、e bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。I happened to be out when he called. 他来访时，恰巧我出去了。(= It happened that I was out when he called.)I happened on just the thing I had been looking for. 我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。3. right a
60、way毫不迟疑，立刻He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了, 你应该立即请大夫来。4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 裂缝里冒出臭气。5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events,
61、 were asleep as usual that night.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。从句表示“(在某人)看来好像；似乎” It seems/looks/appears as if/though看起来好像 Sb./Sth. looks as if/though(不用seem/appear) There seems/appears(to be)(不用 look) There appears to have been a mistake. =
62、It appears that there has been a mistake. It seems so. =So it seems.看来似乎是这样。8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。9. Two-thirds of them died or injured during the earthquake. 三人之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。10. The number of people who were killed or injured reached mor
63、e than 400,000. 死伤的人数达到40多万。10. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。11. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句为部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, notany, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否定。
64、如： Both of them havent read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。 All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。 All bamboo doesnt grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都长的高。12. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 救援人员为那些家园被
65、毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。13. under the weight of在重压下，迫于14. in the open air 在户外，在野外，露天in the air 在空中，悬而未决15. take turns to do sth依次，轮流做某事in turn 依次地，轮流地It is your turn now.现在轮到你了。No one is allowed to get his ticket out of turn. 任何人都不准不按次序买票。16. be shocked at对感到震惊17. be proud of以为自豪18. Our office would like to hav
66、e you speak to the park visitors on July 28 19. express ones thanks to sb /for sth对/因表示感谢20. without warning 毫无预兆21. next to紧接着，相邻，次于22. get away from避免，摆脱，离开23. disarster-hit areas灾区24. raise money 募捐，筹款25. Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is
67、 said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody. 听英语是一项很重要的技能，因为只有当我们懂得别人给我们说什么我们才能与他交谈。26. It is believed that on the surface of the earth are a number of plates. 人们认为地球表面是一些板块。27. hold up举起；托住；支撑；使停滞;耽搁；提出；阻挡；列举，推举；(理论等)经得住Women can hold up half of the sky.妇女能顶半边天。28. make up弥补, 虚构, 缝制,
68、整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆,补足,拼凑Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.农民只占人口的一小部分.The boy made up a story; it was not true. 男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。29. The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who won the competition.裁判把奖金颁给赢得比赛的自行车选手，并向他祝贺。30. The miners who had been trap
69、ped in the mine for two days were finally rescued.被困在煤矿里两天的矿工们最后得到了营救。31. The reporter recognized that the girl who was so frightened was trying to avoid the question.记者意识到女孩很害怕，而且尽力地回避问题。32. The big fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks from here. 大火摧毁了离这儿四个街区的两个商店。33. I cant express
70、 how I am feeling at the moment. 我无法表达我现在的感觉。34. It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks. 据说但是真实的，在地震中人们死于倒落的家具和砖块。35. be fixed to被固定到36. be tied to 被绑在必修 I-Unit 5I-V Nelson Mandelaa modern hero一、知识点1. A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life
71、to helping others. 伟人是把自己的生命奉献给帮助别人的人。（He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。）2. fight against 对抗，反对，与作斗争We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志.
72、People often have to fight for their liberty.人们往往不得不为自由而战。He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。3. He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers. 作为一个医生他无私地在中国工作，并且拯救了很多中国战士。4. He strongly believed in the three pri
73、nciples: nationalism; peoples rights; peoples livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。5. be free from 免于，不受A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必须不抱成见。6. in a peaceful way 以和平的方式7. be in prison 入狱，在狱中服刑in the prison 在监狱8. the sameas和一样9. the first man to land on the moon 第一个登上月球的人10. The time when I first met
74、him was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。（定语从句） 11. He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。（He is generous with his money.他花钱大方。I am grateful to you for helping me.感谢你的帮助。Our grateful thanks are due to you.我们衷心感谢你。）12. have little educati
75、on 受的教育少13. I could not read or write well. 我既不会读也不会写。14. I worried about whether I would become out of work. 我担心我是不是会失业。15. I became more hopeful about my future. 我对自己的未来充满了希望。（I am hopeful that she will come tomorrow. 我对她明天要来抱着希望。）16. as soon as I could 尽快， 马上17. The last thirty years have seen th
76、e greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. （定语从句） 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 （The 19th century saw many changes. 许多变革发生于19世纪。at an early stage in our history在我们的历史早期）18. we were pu
77、t into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。19. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。（Only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。如： Only in this way
78、 can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才来参加会议。 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时，他才卧床休息。Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误.）20. as a matter of fact 事实上 （As a matt
79、er of fact，it is health that counts. 事实上，健康才是最重要的。 As a matter of fact, parents dont want their children to be in trouble. 事实上，父母都不希望子女有麻烦。）21. In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings. 在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。（Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres?你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗?Then it t
80、urned out that some stars, like our own sun will blow up one day. 然后，事实上有些恒星，就像我们自己的太阳，有朝一日会爆炸。）22. I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 我知道这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。23. in trouble 处于困境 遇到麻烦? ?Do as youre told, otherwise youll be in trouble.叫你怎麽做就怎麽做, 否则有麻烦.24.
81、 be willing to do sth. 愿意，乐于Only very few people would be willing to share with him their opinions.很少有人愿意跟他分享他们的见解。25. What was his attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced? 他对黑人面临的不公平处境什么态度？26. turn to 变成；求助于，借助于, 翻到，转向?She had no one to turn to for advice.她没有一个可以商量的人。Who can I turn
82、 to in my hour of need? 在我需要的时候我能向谁求助呢？As they were out of work,?Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help.布莱克夫妇由于失业，不得不向亲戚求帮助。27. the quality of life for black people got worse. 黑人的生活质量更糟糕。28.many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters for human rights 很多人认为我是为人
83、权而战的第一批积极的黑人战士之一。29. lose heart 灰心;泄气, 丧失勇气,失去信心Difficulties were increasing. Even then we did not lose heart. 尽管困难在增加，但我们毫不灰心。You will succeed sooner or later while you dont lose heart.只要你不失去信心，你迟早会成功。If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going. 如果你失败了，你也不该灰心。30. escape from 逃脱，逃离
84、，从逃出He listens to music as an escape from the pressures of work.他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力.He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention. 他呆在幕后为了避开公众的注意。The couple had a narrow escape from the fire.这对夫妻从火灾中死里逃生。31. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been
85、asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。should have done 本应做而未做neednt have done 本不应做而做了cant have done 过去不可能做过32. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。33. but they did pass their exams. 但是他们确实通过了考试。34. That made me feel good about myself. 这让我觉得自己还不错。35.
86、be better educated 受到良好教育36. I didnt work again for twenty years until the ANC came to power in 1994. 在非国大于1994年执政之前，我有20年没有工作。（After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people. 曼德勒掌权成为总统后，他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的状况。）37. All the t
87、error and fear of that time came back to me.我回忆起那时的所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。After the attack , her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a dog. 自从遭遇袭击之后，她每次看见狗，眼睛里都满是恐惧。38. be proud to do sth.Ill be proud to be part of it我会以成为其中一份子而自豪。be proud of sthYou should be proud of what you have achieved.你们应当为
88、自己所取得的成绩而自豪。39. set up创立，建立，为作准备；竖立，架起，建造；开业，开始经商The company was set up ten years ago.公司是十年前建立的。He plans to set up his own business.他决定自己做生意。He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up. 他恳求我让他加入我们刚建立的俱乐部。40. be sentenced to 被判处He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to
89、death at once.他建议所涉及到的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago. 罗伯特因偷窃被判处三年监禁，于一个月前被释放。41. Do you have any thoughts on that? 你认为那怎么样？42. to my understanding按我的理解43. He was in poor health in his youth so he had to be educated at home. 他年轻时身体不好，所有
90、只得在家接受教育。44. be accepted by 被录取、接受45. give free medical care to people there给那儿的人免费医疗As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.就我所知，在一些发达国家人们享有免费医疗。46. He died from blood poisoning.他死于败血症。47. At that time the war between China and Japan was under way.那时中日战争正在进行之中。4
91、8. Mao Zedong praised Bethunes excellent qualities in this article. 毛泽东在这篇文章了赞扬了白求恩的优良品质。49. point of view 观察点；观点It depends on your point of view.这将因个人观点而异。50. compete with 与竞争?If you want to compete with someone, compete with yourself. 如果你想同别人竞争，先同自己竞争。51. advise常用搭配advise + n./pron. advise + doing
92、advise sb. to do sth.advise + that从句（从句的谓语用“should + v原”， should 常省略）注：1）与advise用法类似的动词如forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补（主补）时，宾补（主补）要用不定式。如：We forbid smoking here.（宾语，用动名词） We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补，用动词不定式） You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补，用动词不定式）2）区别：advise（劝说）/pers
93、uade（劝服）1)我劝过他，但未能劝服他。_Unit 1 Friendshipbe good to 对.友好 add up 合计another time 改时间 get sth done 使被做calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗make a list of 列出 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物go through 经历；仔细检查 hide away 躲藏；隐藏set down 放下；记下 a series of 一系列；一套be crazy about 对着迷 on
94、purpose 故意in order to/ so as to 为了 face to face 面对面地according to 按照；根据所说 get along with 与相处pack up 收拾，打理行装 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做有困难fall in love 相爱 throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊try out 试验；试用 join in 参加（活动）communicate with sb 和交际 far and wide 到处look to sth 注意，留心某事 cheat sb (out) of sth
95、 骗取某人某物have the/a habit of doing sth 有做的习惯 be ignorant of 无知的1. I wonder if 我想知道是否. 2. Its because 这是因为. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were wal
96、king the dog, 在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？6. I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so craz
97、y about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。8. It was the first time in a year and a ha
98、lf that Id seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （I would be grateful if 委婉客气提出请求）10. Its a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。11. She found it difficult to settle and12. This series of readers is very i
99、nteresting.13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.Unit2 English around the worldinways 在方面 be different from 与不同play a role/ part (in) 在中担任角色；在中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与play an important role/ part 在中起重要作用 because of
100、 因为；由于such as 例如believe it or not 信不信由你come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨论come up with 提出come up to a place 参观某地ever before 从前at the end of 在末期even if/ though 即使 be based on 在.基础上close to 距离近make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用changeinto 把变成in the early days 在早期from one place to another 从一处到另一处takewith随身携带the s
101、ameas 与相同的at present 目前as a rule 通常；照例be present at 在席；出席carry out a rule 执行规则be absent from 缺席be a native of 是人 present sth to sb / present sb with sthbe native to 是的土产动物/植物 at sbs request 应某人的要求have a command of掌握make a request 请求give commands 命令request that (should)+v原形in one direction 朝一个方向an in
102、ternational language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织in the 1600s = in the 1600sas we know 正如我们所知 1. However, they may not be able to understand everything.（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)3. All languages change when cultu
103、res communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。)4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句)5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。)6. those who reported the news were expect
104、ed to speak excellent English.7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)8. there is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数) 9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as w
105、ell as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: Its kind of you to help me carry the box.附：1. eitheror和neithernor连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。2. be different in强调在某方
106、面的不同be different from 强调在各方面的不同3. in the end 最后，最终 后无of 结构三个表示最后最终的用法：finally: 按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于 如：战争等4. 与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢？Pardon?I beg your pardon? I dont understand./ Sorry, I cant follow you.对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗？Could you say tha
107、t again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗？5. include including; includedidentity identifyactually actual (adj); rapidly rapid (v)government (n) govern(v) wide (adj) widen (v); broad (adj) broaden (v)foreign foreigner; solve (v) solution
108、(n)6. petrol-gas ;lift-elevator;flat-apartmentfilm-movie; sweets-candy;post-mail Unit3 Travel Journalone-way fare 单程票 round-trip fare 往返票dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事 graduate from 从毕业go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth=
109、 persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事get sb interested in 使某人对 感兴趣insist on (ones) sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法at an altitude of 在海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s) 对态度care about 忧虑，关心 care for喜欢，照顾 care to do愿意/同意做某事change ones mind 改变主意 to my mind = in
110、my opinionmake up ones mind to do 决心干某事determine to do sth ( 动作) / be determined to do sth （心理） 决心干某事give in (to) 投降；屈服；让步 give in (vt) 上交give up 放弃 give up doing/sthas usual 像往常一样 at midnight 午夜make camp 野营，宿营 put up ones tents 搭起帐篷sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉 sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事cant wai
111、t/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事for one thing for another （用来引出某事的理由）一则 二则take ones breath away 使某人大吃一惊1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.强调句基本句型：it is/ was. that.其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。2. Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insi
112、sted that we (should) find the source of the river.insist that.(should)+ v原形 坚持要；坚持要求insist that.陈述语气 坚持说；坚持认为 3. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor)4. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5. Good luck on your journey.6. The lake shone like
113、 glass in the moonlight. (simile)Unit4 Earthquakeshave time to do 有时间做某事 happen to do 碰巧做某事shake hands with sb 握手 burst into tears/ laughter burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来 in ruins 成为废墟 cut across 穿过、横穿blow away 吹走、刮走 fall down 倒塌rescue workers 救援人员 be pleased to do 乐意做某事make/ give a speech 发表演说 j
114、udging.from 根据来判断tens of thousands of 成千上万 dig out 挖掘a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的be trapped in/ under 陷入/ 陷在下面the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛 have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结
115、束某事be proud of / take pride in 以而自豪invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 think little of 对评价低 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 对评价高one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75%agree with sb give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽agree to sth give off 发出（气味等）agree to do sth give away 赠送；泄露agree on sth 达成一致意见 give
116、back 归还right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻as you know 正如你所知道的 be known as 作为而知名as is known to all 众所周知 be known for 因而出名as could be expected 正如可以预料到的 it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的happen= take place= come about= break out偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发1. It is always calm before a storm.2. Now, imagine
117、there has been a big earthquake. 此句为There be 句型3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 现在分词表伴随4. It seemed that the world was at an end.5. Water, food and electricity were hard to get.句型：主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义6. All hope was not lost. all 与not 连用 表示部分否定7. Its neve
118、r too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。附：分词用法 之 作定语falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern herolose heart 丧失勇气worry about 担心（动作）lose ones heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上be worried about 担心（状态）in trouble 处于不幸中be sentenced to 被判处be out of work = lose
119、 ones job 失业be equal to 相等的，平等的as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 beg for 乞讨blow up 充气，爆炸set up 建立，创立；设置，竖起send up 发射，使上涨set about 着手做某事 (set about doing sth)go up 上升，增长；被兴建set off 出发，动身set up 设立，建立；设置，竖起set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth）be active in = take an active part in 积极参与，在活跃keep
120、sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 为而死stop sb (from) doing sthdie from 死于（外因）prevent sb (from) doing sthdie of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把投入监狱advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事advice 不可数 a piece of adviceadvise doing sthfight for 为争取而斗争advise sb on sthfight a
121、gainst 为反对而斗争advise that (should)+ v原fight with 同并肩作战/ 同斗争have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sthwork out 算出have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth have a go= have a trybe willing to do sth 乐于做某事realize ones dream of 实现 的梦想answer violence with violence 以暴制暴break the law 违反法律come to pow
122、er 当权，上台social activities 社会活动equal (adj)-equally (adv)-equality (n) violence (n)-violent (adj)cruelty (n)-cruel (adj)-cruelly (adv)educated (adj)-education (n)willing-unwilling 不愿意的active-inactive 不活跃的1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部
123、分倒装-才用一般疑问句语序。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.Only when his father came back did he go to bed. （从句无需倒装，主句要倒装）2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; peoples rights; peoples livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。3. I felt bad the first time I talked to the group. the first time 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句链接：Its the first time that 现在完成时It was the first time that 过去完成时4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.should have done 本应做而未做neednt have done 本不应做而做了cant have done 过去不可能做过