1、上海市格致中学2018-2019学年高一英语上学期期中试题（含解析）第I卷 (共78分)I. Listening Comprehension (16%)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken
2、 only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 8:00B. 8:15C. 8:30D. 8:452. A. JuneB. SeptemberC. AugustD. July3. A. At about 10B. At about 9:50C. At about
3、9D. At about 64. A. Its hard to find a place to have dinnerB. The man couldnt find a parking lotC. The woman was upset because of her late arrivalD. The man refused to apologized for being late5. A. He was tiredB. His appointment was changedC. He had a flat tireD. His bicycle was stolen6. A. Recepti
4、onist and customer.B. Guide and tourist.C. Teacher and student.D. Waitress and customer.7. A. She should do the problem herself.B He could go out together with her.C. She should go out for a while.D. He could help her with the problems.8. A. Behave badly.B. Eat too fast.C. Go to a game.D. Skip his l
5、unch.9. A. He is playing sports.B. He watching sports games.C. He is driving.D. He is fighting.10. A. She didnt feel well.B. She went dancing earlier.C. She came down to go dancing.D. She got mad at the woman.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked
6、three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based o
7、n the following passage.11. A. In 1400.B In the 1400s.C. In 1500.D. In the 1500s.12. A. Italy.B. France.C. England.D. Germany.13. A. Ballet always tells a beautiful story.B. Ballet is not always performed to music.C. Ballet is one of the most beloved forms of dance.D. Ballet is magical, and its hard
8、 to learn.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.12. A. The cities.B. The countryside.C. The towns.D. The suburbs.13. A. Many famous writers wrote about the places of the city.B. Many people whom the writers wrote about had once visited the city.C. Many famous writers were born h
9、ere.D. It gathered many writers in the world.16. A. 115 years.B. 140 years.C. Less than 115 years.D. More than 150 years.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (19%)Section A(6%)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one answer that best compl
10、etes the sentence.1.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. those【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：了解另一个国家的文化习惯是一项复杂的任务，尤其是像美国这样包含许多不同亚文化的国家。one 可指代前面已经出现过的同种类的可数名词，在此处作可数名词 nation 的
11、同位语，表示泛指，因此不用定冠词 the，可排除B，that 指代过去的或远处的某一事物，也可用来指代同类不同物或不可数名词，可排除C，those 后修饰名词复数，因此排除D。故正确答案为A。2.Because he could not find the right theme , his explanation was vague and uncovering.A. which to center his thought aroundB. around which his thoughts to centerC. on which to center his thoughtsD. which
12、 he centers his thoughts on【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：因为他不能找到正确主题的中心思想，所以他的解释是模糊而不全的。which 引导先行词为 theme 的定语从句，center on 为固定搭配，意为“集中在；以为中心”，关系代词 which 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，因此介词 on 需前置。故选C。3.I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted man, these donation draw tickets from you.A. buyB. buyingC
13、. buysD. to buy【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你能让加尔文，一个吝啬的男人，从你那里买这些捐款票，我会很惊讶。经过分析得知，句子谓语是 get，固定结构get sb. to do sth. “让某人做某事”，因此选用动词的不定式。故选D。4.The architects of the temples of ancient Rome and Greece worked anonymously(匿名的), the builders of the medieval cathedrals in Europe.A. as didB. as haveC. as ifD.
14、 as【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查倒装句。句意：古罗马和古希腊庙宇的建筑师们匿名工作，在欧洲，中世纪的大教堂的建造者也是那样。as 引导的倒装句，主要用于正式文体，在意思上跟 so 基本相同。但是，在这个句子中，as 实际是从属连词，引导方式状语从句，所以缩略形式采用了倒装语序，前面句子的谓语是 worked，所以用助动词 did 代替。故选A。【点睛】as的用法很多，常见用法如下：1. as可以作副词，连词，也可以引导时间状语从句例如：He looked behind from time to time as he went forward.当他朝前走时，不时地向后看。2. as可以引导原
15、因状语从句例如：As she has been ill perhaps shell need some help.她由于生病可能需要些帮助。3. as引导让步状语从句例如：Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly.虽然他很生气，但是他讲话很平静。二、需要注意的是：当as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式：(1). 形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。例如：Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes.虽然他很富有，但
16、他从不花一分钱在衣服上。Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely.我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。(2). 名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但懂很多事情。Boy as he was, he was chosen king.尽管他还是个孩子，但却被立为国王。(3). 实义动词+as+主语+助动词如果没有助动词，则要加上一个do(does或did)。例如：Try as he may, he nev
17、er succeeds.尽管他很努力，但总是不成功。Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support.即使你改变主意，你也不会得到另外的支持。5.The Qingming Festival, now a national holiday, allows more people to pay their respects to dead relatives on would otherwise be a workday like Friday.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. what【答案】D【解
18、析】【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意: 清明节，现在是一个国家节日，允许更多的人在周五这样的工作日向死去的亲人表达敬意。介词 on 后跟的是宾语从句。宾语从句缺主语应用 what。A、C选项是关系副词，不能做主语。that 在宾语从句中不做句子成分。故选D。【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词在从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。6.In the United S
19、tates and some other countries it is the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under fourteen do not ride in the front seat they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.A. whileB. evenC. untilD. unless【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查连接词。句意：在美国和其他的一些国家，务必不要让十四岁以下的孩子坐在前排座位上是司机的职责，除非他们系好某种安全带。A. while当的时候，引导时间
20、状语从句；B. even甚至；更；C. until一直；D. unless除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句。分析句子结构可知为条件状语从句，故选D。Section B(6%)Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;
21、 for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How should a Nobel laureate dress? asked Kazuo Ishiguro, who, 40 minutes earlier, had found out he _7_(award) the Nobel Prize for Literature.To say the news was unexpected is an understatement. He literally couldnt believe it. Until that
22、was, his phone began to ring constantly, an orderly queue of TV crews started to form outside his front door (how do they all know where I live?), and his publishers dispatched a top team to his house as back-up.This was not fake news. This was delightful, surprising news. Maybe there were others wh
23、o _8_ (win) instead, he wondered. But that is the nature of prizes. They are a lottery. _9_ chaos reigned around him, he was calm, assured and thoughtful, talking (after nipping upstairs to fetch a smart jacket for our interview) about his belief in the power of stories and _10_ those that he wrote
24、would often explore wasted lives and opportunities.Ive always had a faith that it should be possible, if you tell stories in a certain way, to transcend barriers of race, class and ethnicity.For me, he is one of the great living writers working in any language. All writers can tell stories. Ishiguro
25、 tells stories on _11_ level.He places the reader in some sort of alternative reality - which might be the future, it might be the present, it might be the past. They feel like places that are whole and real, _12_ you dont know them.Theyre weird and not necessarily happy places. But theyre places th
26、at you can inhabit and relate to, and you become deeply involved with the characters. Thats the writers job-he just does it better than most.【答案】7. had been awarded 8. should have won 9. While/Although/Though 10. how 11. another 12. but【解析】这是一篇记叙文。当得知自己获得诺贝尔文学奖时，Kazuo Ishiguro感到非常意外，简直不敢相信。他始终坚信，一定存
27、在这样一种能跨越种族和阶级壁垒的叙述方式。【7题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：40分钟前得知自己获得诺贝尔文学奖的Kazuo Ishiguro问道:“诺贝尔奖得主应该如何着装?”he 和 award 有逻辑上的被动关系，且 award 的动作在 find out 的过去已经发生，而 find out 是过去发生的动作，故此处应使用过去完成时。因此 award 应用过去完成时的被动形式。故正确答案为 had been awarded。【8题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他想也许其他人应该赢得比赛，而实际上并没有。根据句意可知should + 完成时表示过去本应做某事，而实际未做，故正确答案为 sho
28、uld have won。【9题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然他周围一片混乱，但他仍很冷静，很有自信，也很有思想。句子的前后部分为转折关系，在自然语序的让步状语从句中，although，though，while 都可表示“虽然”之意，均可置于句首。句首单词首字母应大写。故正确答案为 While 或 Although 或 Though。【10题详解】考查连接词。句意：尽管他周围一片混乱，但他很冷静，很有自信，也很有思想，他（在匆匆上楼为我们的采访拿了一件漂亮的夹克之后）谈论着他对故事的力量的信念，以及他写的那些故事如何经常探索被浪费的生命和机会。本句为名词性从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故填how 意为
29、“如何”，符合句意。故正确答案为 how。【11题详解】考查代词。句意：Ishiguro 在另一个层面上讲故事。此处泛指三个或三个以上的人或物，故正确答案为 another。【12题详解】考查连词。句意：他们感觉就像完整而真实的地方，但你并不了解他们。句子的前后部分为转折关系，因此用 but 连接。故正确答案为 but。Section C(7%)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is
30、one word more than you need.Now, let me say a few words to our American friends. Climate change is one of the major_13_of our time. It is already changing our daily lives but it is global. Everyone is impacted. And if we do nothing, our children will know a world of migrations, of wars, of shortage.
31、 A dangerous world. It is not the futurewe want for ourselves.It is not the futurewe want for our children.It is not the futurewe want for our world.Today, the President of the United States, Donald Trump, announced his decision to_14_the United States from the Paris Agreement. I do respect his deci
32、sion, but I do think it is an actual mistake both for the US and for our planet.I just said it to President Trump, in a few words a few minutes ago this_15_. Tonight, I wish to tell the United States: France believes in you. The world believes in you. I know that you are a great nation. I know your
33、history, our common history.To all the scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and responsible citizens who were disappointed by the decision of the president of the United States, I want to say they will find in France a second homeland. I call on them-come and work here with us, to work together on_
34、16_solutions for our climate, our environment. I can assure you: France will not give up the fight.I reaffirm clearly that Paris agreement will remain irreversible and will be_17_not just by France, but by all the other nations. Over the coming hours, I will have the opportunity to speak with our ma
35、in partners to define a common strategy and to launch new_18_. I already know that I can count on them.I call on you to remain confidence. We will succeed, because we are_19_, because wherever we live, whoever we are, we all share the same responsibility to make our planet great again.【答案】13. C 14.
36、B 15. A 16. D 17. G 18. H 19. E【解析】这是一篇说明文。温度变化是我们这个时代的一个主要问题，它已经在改变我们的日常生活，每个人都受到影响。美国总统特朗普宣布美国将退出巴黎协定，我认为这是一个错误。我可以向大家保证：法国永远不会放弃和环境及气温的斗争。我希望大家保持信心。【13题详解】考查可数名词复数。句意：气候变化是我们这个时代的主要问题之一。issue 是可数名词，意为“问题”，one of 后接可数名词复数。故正确答案为C。【14题详解】考查固定搭配。结合句意，今天，美国总统唐纳德特朗普宣布他决定退出巴黎协定。withdraw from 为固定搭配，意为“退
37、出，离开”。故正确答案为B。【15题详解】考查名词。结合句意，“我”几分钟前刚刚对特朗普总统说了这番话。assessment 意为“评定，评价”，this 修饰名词 assessment。故正确答案为A。【16题详解】考查形容词。结合句意，“我”呼吁他们来这里和“我们”一起工作，共同为“我们”的气候和环境找到具体的解决方案。concrete 为形容词，意为“具体的”，修饰名词 solution。故正确答案为D。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。结合句意，“我”明确重申，巴黎协定将继续不可逆转，不仅由法国，而且由所有其他国家执行。implement 意为“实施，执行”，Paris agreement
38、 与 implement 之间是被动关系，此处是一般将来时的被动，因此 implement 应用过去分词形式。故正确答案为G。【18题详解】考查名词。结合句意，在接下来的几个小时里，“我”将有机会与“我们”的主要伙伴对话，确定一个共同的战略，并发起新的倡议。new 为形容词，修饰可数名词 initiative，initiative 意为“倡议”，此处用复数形式。故正确答案为H。【19题详解】考查形容词。结合句意，我们会成功，因为我们全身心投入，因为无论我们生活在哪里，无论我们是谁，我们都肩负着让我们的星球再次变得伟大的共同责任。此处为系表结构，用形容词作表语，fully-committed 意
39、为“全身心投入的”。故正确答案为E。III. Reading Comprehension (43%)Section A(15%)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A recent survey in the United States showed that the average
40、 family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not_20_anyone who has seen the doggy parlors(客厅)where loved pets rest. It is possible that: Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the
41、English, too, are_21_to their pets.This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or at least, are_22_less nutrition. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone,_23_veterinary(兽医的)bi
42、lls or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel_24_with this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is_25_for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.There are a variety of reaso
43、ns why I find the popularity of British pets_26_. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can caus
44、e disease, too. It is the threat of rabiesa disease with no known curethat has made the English government impose strict_27_on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently_28_a number of stray dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourists immediately wr
45、ote letters to the newspapers_29_about mass murder.Another problem is the_30_of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much
46、 time and money must be spent on Rover or Bonzo. Then they just_31_it. This brings me to my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not_32_at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someones pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own._33_, I
47、 would only suggest that we have got our_34_wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, its time we stopped being sentimental about pets.20. A. alertB. surpriseC. disappointD. interest21. A. kindB. politeC. subjectD. available22. A. seldomB. farC. frequentlyD. totally23. A. in spit
48、e ofB. regardless ofC. not to mentionD. rather than24. A. delightedB. patientC. mentionD. unsatisfied25. A. usualB. naturalC. concernedD. essential26. A. inevitableB. understandableC. ridiculousD. common27. A. ordersB. punishmentsC. unacceptableD. restriction28. A. curedB. destroyedC. treatmentsD. d
49、rove29. A. inquiringB. caringC. enclosedD. complaining30. A. thoughtlessnessB. hesitationC. worryingD. kindness31. A. isolateB. scoldC. abandonD. bind32. A. funnyB. sweetC. desertD. loving33. A. NeverthelessB. MoreoverC. ThereforeD. Meanwhile34. A. mindB. behaviorC. loveD. priority【答案】20. B 21. A 22
50、. A 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D【解析】本文从养宠物这一现象入手，介绍了养宠物造成的花费大、容易携带病毒及造成流浪宠物等弊端。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“anyone who has seen the doggy parlors where loved pets rest.”可知，看到宠物在客厅里休息并不会使人们感到惊讶（surprise）。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空前的“Americans are unique in treating the
51、ir little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, are”可知，英国人也很喜欢（kind）宠物【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。根据本空前的“This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or at least”可知，宠物的饮食很少（seldom）缺少营养。【23题详解】考查短语词义辨析。根据本空前的“Last
52、 year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone”可知，去年英国公众仅在宠物的食物上就花费了两亿英镑，更别提（not to mention）兽医账单和宠物家具了。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空后的“with this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty”可知，此处是说如果把这些钱用于为饥饿和贫穷的受害者做些什么会让人感到很高兴（delighted）。
53、【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空后的“for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.”可知，所以当我读到一个老人把钱留给宠物而不是他的子女时我通常（usual）会很生气。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据本空后的“They cause physical problems.”可知，我感到英国人如此热衷于养宠物的行为是可笑的（ridiculous）。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。根据本空前的“It is the t
54、hreat of rabiesa disease with no known curethat has made the English government impose strict”可知，宠物病菌对儿童的威胁使英国政府对宠物实行严格的限制（restriction）。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“a number of stray dogs as protection against the same threat”可知，西班牙政府近期消灭（destroyed）大量的流浪狗以解决同样的威胁。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。根据本空前的“English tourists im
55、mediately wrote letters to the newspapers”可知，英国游客马上给报社写信抱怨（complaining）这场大屠杀。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的“Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize
56、how much time and money must be spent on Rover or Bonzo.”可知，还有一个题是主人的欠考虑（thoughtlessness）。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。根据本空后的“It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on Rover or Bonzo.”可知，由于花费太大，主人开始遗弃（abandon）宠物。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析
57、。根据本空后的“English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someones pet”可知，宠物狗自由自在地跑这并不有趣（funny），因为一年之中有很多羊都被它们咬死了。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。根据本空后的“I would only suggest that”可知，此处与前面是因果关系，此处表示“所以”。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。根据本空后的“wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, its time we stopped be
58、ing sentimental about pets.”可知，此处是说我们把重点（priority）搞错了，我们是时候停止对宠物的爱了。Section B (24%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best accord
59、ing to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)18-year-old Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom, “I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is.” However, her parents, Steve and Deborah Perkins, of McKinney, Texas, havent caught on. Even Kayla admits that, a
60、t the worst, her room is a mess.Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill(垃圾堆). The mess can disturb the whole household. Dirty clothes pile up; dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad; homework is lost; and valuable things are ruined.Some parents l
61、et it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture their children, offer rewards for cleaning, or punish them when they dont. What doesnt work, parenting experts say, is constant lectures, verbal(口头的,言语的) threats or getting very angry. Mrs. Perkin
62、s says they picked up all the clothes on Kaylas floor and hid them. They cleaned everything up. When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom, there was screaming and shouting, “How can I live without my clothes?” Mrs. Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework. These days, she keeps h
63、er room clean.Humour can help too. For example, since Jessica, the 14-year-old daughter wasnt bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor, the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes. Her attitude changed after her family did that. By the time she gave in and clean
64、ed up her room a few days later, even she was laughing.Parenting expert, Jim Fay, also recommends that parents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit. Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at wor
65、k-with respect and high expectations.35. What is the best title of the passage?A. How to Make Children Clean up Their Bedrooms.B. Ways to Correct Childrens Bad Habits.C. Encourage Children to Share More Housework.D. Tips on Cleaning up the Room.36. Which of the following is true about Kayla?A. She o
66、ften spends a lot of time looking for her clothes and books.B. She was grateful to her parents for cleaning up her room.C. She admitted her room sometimes was not tidy and needed cleaning.D. She was crazy when the whole familys dirty clothes were in her room.37. According to the experts, when childr
67、ens room looks like a landfill, parents at first should _.A. let children have their own private spaceB. lecture their children and give verbal threatsC. set an example and offer rewards for cleaningD. ask them in a nice way and set a reasonable time limit38. What can we conclude from the passage?A.
68、 Playing hide-and-seek can help children change their attitude.B. Parents differ over their childrens bedroom cleaning.C. Children often behave better if parents treat them like bosses.D. Most children feel uncomfortable when their rooms are too clean.【答案】35. A 36. C 37. D 38. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。在面对孩子房间一片
69、混乱时，有的父母一直唠叨结果适得其反，专家就此给出了一些行之有效的建议。【35题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要描述孩子们的卧室普遍存在一团糟的现象并给出了一些让孩子们打扫他们卧室的方法。如倒数第二段第一句 Humour can help, too. 和最后一段第一句中 also recommends that parents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit 这些方法，因此A项“如何让孩子们打扫他们的卧室”能概括文章主旨，可作为这篇文章的标题。故A项正确。B项，“纠正孩
70、子坏习惯的方法”。太过宽泛，文章只提及不打扫卧室这一坏习惯。故B项错误。C项，“鼓励孩子们分担更多的家务”。过于片面，文章仅提及鼓励孩子们打扫自己的卧室。故C项错误。D项，“打扫房间的小窍门”。文中未提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句 Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess. 可知，Kayla 承认她的房间有时不整洁，需要打扫。故正确答案为C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句 Parenting expert, Jim Fay, also recommend
71、s that parents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit. 可知，当孩子的房间看起来像垃圾填埋场时，首先，父母应该用一种友好的方式问他们，并设置一个合理的时间限制。故正确答案为D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段前两句 Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture
72、their children, offer rewards for cleaning, or punish them when they dont. 可知，父母对孩子们的卧室清洁意见不一。故B项正确。A项，“玩捉迷藏可以帮助孩子们改变他们的态度”。文章只提及 Perkins 夫人把孩子的衣服藏起来使其保持房间的干净，并无“玩捉迷藏可以帮助孩子们改变他们的态度”之意。故A项错误。C项，“如果父母像对待老板一样对待孩子，他们的表现往往会更好”。根据文章最后一段最后一句 Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you wou
73、ld want to be treated by your boss at work with respect and high expectations. 可知，如果父母以在工作中希望老板对待自己的方式那样对待孩子，他们的表现往往会更好。故C项错误。D项，“当他们的房间太干净时，大多数孩子感到不舒服”。文中未提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为B。(B)You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a
74、 cold and difficult place. They did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. They are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as they are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay
75、 that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they dont let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they dont blame the
76、mselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.Victims and creators live in the same physica
77、l world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish(沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others-and even themselves-to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which ins
78、pire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the e
79、nd of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose
80、to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.39. According to Paragraph 2, creators_.A. seem willing to experience failures in lifeB. possess the ability to predict future lifeC. handle ups a
81、nd downs of life wiselyD. have potential to create something new40. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life.B. Creators and victims are masters of their livesC. Victims can influence more people than creators.D. Compared with victims, creators a
82、re more emotional.41. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that_.A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.B. people need family support to deal with challengers in life.C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.D. ones experiences determine hi
83、s attitude toward life.42. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To define victims and creators.B. To evaluate victims against creators.C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators.D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.【答案】39. C 40. B 41. A 42. D【解
84、析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的受害者，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的缔造者。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的受害者变成自己命运的主宰者。【39题详解】细节理解题。文章第二段描叙了那些积极乐观的人们They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spirit
85、ual growth由此可知他们相信他们在生命中每一个神圣时刻的舞动都是一份礼物，而暴风雨也只是自然生活的一部分，它会带来心灵和精神上成长所需的雨露。他们对待人生的坎坷起伏的态度是很明智的，C选项正确。【40题详解】推理判断题。从第三段Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives推断可知B选项正确。他们是自己命运的主人，主宰着自己人生的方向。本段是总分总结构，首句或是尾句即可得出：创造者和受害者都是生活的决定者。故选B。【41题详解】推理判断题。第四段首句In rea
86、lity，all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives即为主题句，意思是：事实上，在我们生活的许多方面我们都扮演着牺牲品或创造者的角色。此后的例子用来作为论据证明此论点，所以A选项正确。【42题详解】推理判断题。文章讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，最后提出文章中心即作者的观点you can choose to have a fuller，richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within，an
87、d by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are建议人们不做生活的牺牲品，争做生活的创造者。所以D选项正确。(C)Americas businesses are getting older and fatter, while many new businesses are dying in infancy.A study last month by the Brookings Institution found that the proportion of older firms has grown steadily
88、over several decades, while the survival rate of new companies has fallen. In addition, young people are starting companies at a sharply lower rate than in the past.A new report from the National Association of Manufacturers shows a major cause: The cost of obeying government regulations has risen t
89、o more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent of the GDP, and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.Its risky, difficult and expensive to start a business, and getting more so. Governments are imposing various new rules on a seemingly daily basis: he
90、alth insurance, minimum wage increases and, most recently in California, compulsory paid sick days for even hourly employees. These regulations shift huge social welfare costs directly onto often-struggling small businesses, while being proportionally much less costly for larger companies.This is pa
91、rtly an unintended issue of resources-established companies can cope with new costs more easily-but its also deliberate. For instance, big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care, but less politically powerful firms-like medical device manufacturers-got squeezed.Mature,
92、successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry.Major companies that have been so ill-managed they woul
93、d otherwise collapse-airlines, car companies and banks-stagger(蹒跚)on because politicians ride to the rescue with bags of taxpayer money.The genius of our unique system of government is the determination to protect and defend the rights of the individual over the rights of the nation. As such, the ri
94、se of a well-connected oligarchy(寡头政治)that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals.Income inequalitywhich is directly caused by faulty government policy-is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy.
95、 But lets be perfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids.Politics is, and always has been, about balancing competing interests seeking to benefit themselves, and thats as it should be, but the force of governm
96、ent should never be used to reduce competition, kill innovation or support and extend artificial monopolies(垄断)by harming the consumer, the taxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infan
97、cy.43. We can learn from the passage that_.A. over several decades, new companies have grown steadily.B. mature, successful corporations prefer to maintain their stable incomes.C. less politically powerful firms also have their voice in making regulations.D. The cost of obeying government regulation
98、s falls equally on all businesses.44. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that_.A. the state economy may depend on those innovative businesses.B. the rise of a well-connected oligarchy is contrary to American ideals.C. income inequality is what the government should take action to resolve.D.
99、 the government picks winners and losers through the law of free market.45. It can be concluded from the passage that_.A. big insurance companies have better relationship with Obama.B. most of the ex-lawmakers work in mature, successful corporations.C. larger and older firms have a command of resour
100、ces of various aspects.D. politicians like providing financial aids to the companies of worse operation.46. As to the development of smaller businesses, the writer is_.A. contented.B. confident.C. convinced.D. concerned.【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国的创业难题。美国的许多企业正变得越来越老，而许多新企业在婴
101、儿期就已经濒临死亡。此外，年轻人开始创业的速度比过去要低得多。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段第二句 They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry. 可知，成熟、成功的公司更喜欢保持稳定的收入。故选B。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations
102、that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。故A项正确。B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。根据文章倒数第三段第二句 As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知
103、，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。故B项错误。C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。根据文章倒数第二段第一句 Income inequality which is directly caused by faulty government policy is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。故C项错误。D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。根据
104、文章倒数第二段第二句中 we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句 This is partly an unintended issue of resources established companies can cope with new costs more
105、 easily but its also deliberate. 可知，较大和较老的公司掌握着各方面的资源。故C项正确。A项，“大型保险公司与奥巴马的关系更好”。根据文章第五段第二句中 big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care 可知，大型保险公司获得了参与奥巴马医改的席位，并无与奥巴马的关系更好之意。故A项错误。B项，“大多数前议员在成熟、成功的公司工作”。根据文章第六段第一句 Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers w
106、ith connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. 可知，成熟而成功的公司可以雇佣有关系的前议员，没有提及数量。故B项错误。D项，“政客们喜欢向经营状况较差的公司提供财务援助”。文中未提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为C。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that co
107、uld be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，作者认为政策必须培育新企业和小企业，不然就看着那些可能成为我们光明未来的创新在襁褓中夭折。由此可推知对于中小企业的发展，作者的态度是关心的（concerned）。故D项正确。A项意为“满足的”，B项意为“自信的”，C项意为“确信的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。【点睛】根据事物的定义或者对事物总体的概括，从而判断出哪些具体事物或者具体的实践应该属于定义的范围或者是概括的范围是我们经常见到的推理判断题的题型。要解决这样的判断题，首先要讲对事物的定义或者对事物的总体概括要读清楚，然后根据对比4个选项，哪个选项
108、在定义或者概括范围内的。哪个就是正确的答案。如第二小题，根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。故A项正确。B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。根据文章倒数第三段第二句 As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治
109、) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。故B项错误。C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。根据文章倒数第二段第一句 Income inequality which is directly caused by faulty government
110、policy is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。故C项错误。D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。根据文章倒数第二段第二句中 we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。故D项错误
111、。故正确答案为A。Section C(4%)Directions: In the following passage, some sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.Choosing the right job is probably one of the most
112、important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?”_47_.There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best jo
113、b in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be i
114、n the right place at the right time. _48_. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his us
115、ual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his place. _49_._50_. If the lad had gone home to ponder(考虑)his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is
116、 one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs(美差). When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the compa
117、ny to which you are applying. But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the companys faults. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.A. This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itsel
118、f.B. People find jobs in an infinite number of ways.C. its almost impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapersD. Take for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.E. It is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself.F. He spent the rest of his life
119、 happily sailing the ships he had always loved.【答案】47. B 48. D 49. F 50. A【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人们用很多途径找到工作，而抓住机遇是很重要的，方法可以不同，适合就好。【47题详解】根据后文There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world有些人可以在当地报纸上回答一个微不足道的广告，得到世界上最好的工作；
120、可知人们用很多途径找到工作；故选B。【48题详解】根据后文He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships，but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them他过去常常在海边闲逛，但从来没有想过有一天他会驾驶一艘船；可知这是以想成为水手的年轻人为例；故选D。【49题详解】根据前文Without stopping to think，the lad（少年） offered to take his place.不停下来思考，少年
121、主动提出代替船员的位置；可知他在他一直爱的船只上度过了他一生的快乐航行。故选F。【50题详解】根据后文If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week，he may have missed his chance如果这个小伙子回家思考他的决定一个星期，他可能错过了他的机会；可知这个故事也说明了抓住机遇的重要性；故选A。第II卷(共22分)IComplete each sentence with the right form of the phrases chosen from the box below. 51. I wo
122、uld_recommend him for the job, because his qualification is so satisfactory.52. Thanks to the_at which he stood, he could just see the sunset.53. The database allows you_the sales figures in a number of ways.54. Would you_some of your salary for more holiday time?55. People gain valuable work experi
123、ence and, _, employers can afford to employ them.56. Although the area has certainly improved, much_to be accomplished.【答案】51. without hesitation 52. angle 53. to access 54. sacrifice 55. in addition 56. remains【解析】考查完成句子。【51题详解】考查固定短语。句意：我将毫不犹豫地推荐他担任这项工作，因为他的资历是如此令人满意。短语without hesitation“毫不犹豫”。【52
124、题详解】考查名词。句意：由于他站的角度不同，他只能看到日落。根据上文the可知应填名词angle，表示“角度”。【53题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：数据库允许您以多种方式访问销售数据。短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”后跟不定式，故to access，表示“访问；接入”。【54题详解】考查动词。句意：你会牺牲一部分薪水来换取更多的假期吗?根据句意可知应填sacrifice，表示“牺牲”。【55题详解】考查固定短语。句意：人们获得了宝贵的工作经验，此外，雇主可以雇用他们。短语in addition“此外；另外”。【56题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：虽然这一地区确实有所改
125、善，但仍有许多工作要做。本句主语为much表示“许多”，时态为一般现在时，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填remains。IITranslation57. 虽说屡屡采取措施，但绝大多数人仍然觉得难以承担目前的高房价。(though)_, the vast majority of the people still feel it difficult to afford the current high housing prices.58. 新的高考改革能否减轻学生学业负担引起了教育专家们的热议。(whether)It has aroused a heated discussion among ed
126、ucation experts_.59. 只有在经历了这次难忘的旅行后，他才意识到能给别人带来幸福的人是世界上最幸福的人。(those who)Only after he experienced the unforgettable trip did he realize that_.60. 你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见了John抢劫一个学生手机？(it强调句)_.61. 总所周知，保持头发健康的关键在于均衡的饮食和充分的锻炼。(As)_.62. 对于从事体力劳动且收入较高的人没有必要放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣。(need)_.【答案】57. Though measures hav
127、e been taken repeatedly/again and again, 58. whether the new reform of the college entrance examination can reduce students academic burden/relieve students of their academic burden 59. those who bring happiness to others are the happiest in the world 60. Was it in the newly-opened restaurant that y
128、ou witnessed/saw John robbing a students cell-phone? 61. As known to all, the key to keeping your hair healthy is a balanced diet and adequate exercise. 62. There is no need for those who are engaged in manual labour and have higher incomes to give up higher salaries for the privilege of being a whi
129、te-collar worker.【解析】【分析】考查固定句式翻译。【57题详解】考查状语从句。本句为though引导的让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”，主语measures与谓语take构成被动，且时态应用现在完成时，故译为Though measures have been taken repeatedly/again and again。【58题详解】考查主语从句。本句为It做形式主语引导主语从句的结构，且从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”，故连接词用whether。短语reduce/relieve burden“减轻负担”。故译为whether the new reform of the c
130、ollege entrance examination can reduce students academic burden/relieve students of their academic burden.。【59题详解】考查定语从句。本句为定语从句修饰先行词those，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故关系词应用who。故译为those who bring happiness to others are the happiest in the world.。【60题详解】考查强调句。根据强调句结构“it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他”，本句强调的是地点状语in
131、 the newly-opened restaurant，且一般疑问句把is/ was提到it前面。且时态为一般过去时。故译为Was it in the newly-opened restaurant that you witnessed/saw John robbing a students cell-phone?。【61题详解】考查固定短语。短语As known to all“众所周知”，短语a balanced diet“均衡饮食”，故译为As known to all, the key to keeping your hair healthy is a balanced diet an
132、d adequate exercise.。【62题详解】考查固定句式。句式There is no need for sb. to do sth.“某人做某事没有必要”；短语be engaged in“从事”；短语manual labour“体力劳动”；短语the privilege of“特权；殊荣”。故译为There is no need for those who are engaged in manual labour and have higher incomes to give up higher salaries for the privilege of being a white
133、-collar worker.。【点睛】强调句结构。为了突出句子中的某一部分，我们通常会使用某种方法或手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的注意，这就是强调，与此相关的句子就是强调句。强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。其结构为it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他。1、陈述句的强调句型It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。2、一般疑问句的强调句型，把is/ was提到it前面。3、特殊疑问句的强调句型，被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?4、not until 句型的强调句句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。