1、 格致中学2016-2017学年第二学期第一次测试II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use o
2、ne word that best fits each blank.I love charity shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all _21_ very good prices. You can get things you
3、wont find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is _22_ your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, _23_ finding a new home for unwanted goods. The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The f
4、amous charitys appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful that it _24_(flood) with donations. They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favorite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cr
5、oss shop, _25_ I always find childrens books, all 10 or 20 pence each. Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often _26_ manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted item
6、s outside the front of shops, although they dont encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in _27_ the shop is open. The shops have very low running costs, and all profits _28_(go) to charity work. Charity shops raise more than 110 million a year, funding medical research, overseas aid, _29_
7、(support) sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better places _30_(spend) your money?Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. autoB. delibe
8、rateC. freedD. immatureE. isolationF. necessityG. relievedH. statusI. supervisionJ. transportK. weakeningThe private automobile has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of Am
9、erican families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has (31)_ them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems. In addition,
10、the automobile has contributed to the (32)_ of neighborhood ties by making activities far from home. For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has relieved their (33)_, making it possible for them to travel to town frequently for business and for pleasure, and also to (34)_ their children
11、 to distant schools. Family life has been affected (影响) in various ways, The car helps to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. However, when teenage children have the use of the car, they can easily escape from family (35)_. If they are (36)_, th
12、ey sometimes become involved in situations, which led to serious trouble. For some, young or old, having the use of automobile leads to dangerous traffic accidents, caused by carelessness or by (37)_breaking of the driving laws. In 1971, over 5,000 people were killed in (38)_accidents in the United
13、States, and many more were injured. This toll(伤亡人数）has been decreased to some extent by gasoline shortage and has lowered the speed limit.For many Americans the automobile is a(n) (39)_as well as a convenience. But for some, it is also a mark of social (40)_,an important middle-class symbol; and for
14、 young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
15、The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weaponever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows mainly from _41_ behavior of drivers who refuse torespect the legal and moral rights of others. So the killing on the road may be regarded as a socia
16、lproblem. In fact, the enemies of society on _42_ are rather harmless people-just ordinary people actingcarelessly, you might say.But it is a _43_ both of law and common morality that carelessness isno excuse when ones actions could bring death or damage to others.A minority of the _44_ go evenbeyon
17、d carelessness to total irresponsibility.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributedto the _45_ condition of the driver.Emotional upsets can distort (扭曲 )drivers reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be_
18、46_.The experts warn that it is _47_for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep ones emotion under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined (限制)to drivers.Street walkers_48_break traffic rules. They are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents;
19、and manycyclist even _49_that they are not subject to the basic rules of road.Significant legal _50_ have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety_51_ for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections._52_, speed limit
20、s have been lowered. Due to these _53_, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or noimprovement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting_54_, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task. It _55_ consta
21、nt care and concentration. Those who fail to do allthese things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.41. A. social B. emotional C. uncivil D. practical42. A. wheels B. tires C .horns D. shifts43. A. priority B. process C .principle D. presentation44. A. killers B. victims C. suspe
22、cts D. survivors45. A. physical B. psychological C. original D. current46. A. impossible B. serious C. avoidable D. evident47. A. abstract B. difficult C. vital D. unusual 48. A. consequently B. regularly C. accidently D. rarely49. A. accuse B. acknowledge C. object D. believe50. A. results B. argum
23、ents C. advances D. threats51. A. standards B. records C. proposals D. belts52. A .As a result B. No wonder C. On the other hand D. in addition53. A .rights B. measures C. experts D. warnings 54. A. effect B. change C. solution D. achievement55. A .turns to B. aims at C. take on D. calls forSection
24、BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ATwo of the saddest
25、words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the
26、 “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work suc
27、h as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I dont only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. Its equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportuni
28、ty to say “I love you” or “I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldnt be here. But then I thought about the fact that hes 84 years old and I realized that I shouldnt give
29、up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality.
30、 And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that Im doing the right thing. Im buying myself peace of mind and thats the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.56. Which
31、of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule? A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated. B. Leave the room for a minute with the iron working. C. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better. D. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.57. The author decide
32、d to go to her office on Good Friday to _. A. keep her appointment with the eye doctor B. meet her father who was already an old man C. join in the holiday celebration of the company D. finish her work before the deadline approached58. The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in mean
33、ing to _. A. abandoned B. lackedC. avoidedD. WastedBIts rare that you see the words shyness and leader in the same sentence. After all, the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent networkers and that those shy people are not. A survey conduc
34、ted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership. Interestingly, the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shytheyre just better at adapting themselves to situational demands. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet and
35、Charles Schwab are just a few innies. Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking, shy people take a cautious approach to chance. Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it be
36、fore they speak. Theyre not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say. Along the same lines, shy people share a common love of learning. They are intrinsically（内在地） motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achievi
37、ng an outside standard. Being shy can also bring other benefits. Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute, until shy little Johnny, who almost never said a word, cut in? Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking. This
38、 is how shy people made good use of their power of presence：they own the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image. Shyness is often related to modesty. Not to say that limelight-seekers arent modest, but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilit
39、ies and achievements. As a result, they are able to acknowledge mistakes, imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations. Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones, theyre more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires. Shy p
40、eople are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that arent primarily apparent. Dont believe me? Maybe youll believe Albert Einstein, who once said, Its not that Im so smart, its that I stay with problems longer. Obviously, finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge
41、plus for any successful person. The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding. Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.59. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _.A. shy p
42、eople are sensitive to rewardsB. shy people care more about contentC. outgoing people are more careful about chancesD. outgoing people consider what to learn while listening60. The example of Johnny shows _.A. shy people are likely to be modestB. hardworking students speak little in publicC. some st
43、udents keep silent on purpose at schoolD. shy people may have an advantage in discussion61. We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that _.A. success results from devotionB. shyness contributes to popularityC. outside reward leads to insistenceD. uncertainty counts more than certain
44、ty62. The author supports his ideas mainly by _.A. giving definitions and presenting research resultsB. explaining problems and providing solutionsC. quoting authorities and making evaluationsD. making contrasts and gibing examplesCTelevision is a relatively stable advertising medium. In many ways,
45、the television ads today are almost the same to those two decades ago. Most television ads still feature actors, still run 30 or 60 seconds, and still show a product. However, the different medium of the Internet causes unique challenges to advertisers, forcing them to adapt their practices and tech
46、niques.In the early days of Internet marketing, online advertisers used banner (框式广告) and pop-up ads (弹出式广告) to attract customers. These techniques reached large audiences, led to many sales leads, and came at a low cost. However, a small number of Internet users began to consider these advertising
47、techniques annoying. Yet because marketing strategies relying heavily on banners and pop-ups produced results, companies invested growing amounts of money into purchasing these ad types. As consumers became more complicated, frustration with these online advertising techniques grew. Independent prog
48、rammers began to develop tools that blocked banner and pop-up ads. A major development in online marketing came with the introduction of pay-per-click ads. Unlike banner or pop-up ads, which originally required companies to pay every time a website visitor saw an ad, pay-per-click ads allowed compan
49、ies to pay only when an interested potential customer clicked on an ad. More importantly, however, these ads are not affected by the pop-up and banner blockers. As a result of these advantages and the incredible growth in the use of search engines, which provide excellent places for pay-per-click ad
50、vertising, a great number of companies began turning to pay-per-click marketing. However, as with the banner and pop-up ads, pay-per-click ads came with their shortcomings. When companies began pouring billions of dollars into this emerging medium, online advertising specialists started to notice th
51、e presence of what would later be called click fraud (欺诈): representatives of a company with no interest in the product advertised by a competitor click on the competitors ads simply to increase the marketing cost of the competitor. Click fraud grew so rapidly that marketers sought to diversify (摆脱)
52、 their online positions away from pay-per-click marketing through new mediums.Although pay-per-click advertising remains a common and effective advertising tool, marketers adapted yet again to the changing elements of the Internet by adopting new techniques such as pay-per-performance advertising. A
53、s the pace of the Internets evolution increases, it seems all the more likely that advertising successfully on the Internet will require a strategy that avoids constancy (持续性) and welcomes change.63. What is the main idea of the passage?AThe pace of the Internets evolution is increasing and will onl
54、y increase in the future.BInternet advertising fails to reach Internet users, causing ads to be blocked.CThe Internet has experienced dramatic changes in short periods of time.DRapid development of the Internet calls for new advertising strategies and mediums.64. As an advertising medium, the televi
55、sion and the Internet mainly differ in _.Athe type of individual each medium reachesBwhether the medium is interactiveCthe pace at which the medium developsDthe cost of advertising with each medium65. According to the passage, which of the following is a typical click fraud?AUsing software to block
56、competitors advertisements.BClicking on the pay-per-click ads of competitors.CClicking on the banner advertisements of opponent companies.DUsing search engine to attack the pages of competitors.66. What does the author imply about the future of pay-per-performance advertising?AIt will eventually bec
57、ome less popular just like other forms of Internet advertising.BIt will not face shortcomings due to its differing approach to online marketing.CInternet users will develop free software to block its effectiveness.DAlthough it improves on pay-per-click advertising, it still suffers from click fraud.
58、Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.A. Inaddition,virtualfriendscanofferemotionalsupport.B. When youre not face to face, its much easier to deceive people.D. Researchers also found that its not unusual for
59、 online friends to become face-to-face friends.C. Many people would agree.E. Online friends may be of help in many ways.F. Online friends, or virtual friends are people who have become acquainted with each other through the Internet.Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationshi
60、p possible: online friendship.67._ Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate. Some people believe that the Internet
61、 is the best way to make new friends. Its convenient, its fast, and it allows making contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours. Information updates and
62、 photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. Its often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. 68._ They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems. Although the Internet can enco
63、urage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. 69._ Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you cant be sure of what they really like. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone on
64、line unless youre totally sure of who that person is. Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of
65、participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies” as they do about their “offline” friends.70_ In contrast, there are many people who believe that its not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“its good to feel c
66、onnected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends.”Many people would agree. They say that its hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you dont share experiences in person. People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However,
67、 most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the add on in any relationship.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of t
68、he passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are
69、 living with their parentsAnalysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young p
70、eople find their wings attached Besides, a high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has bee so great that many students now attend local sch
71、oolsLiving at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support Her mother agreed, “It is ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent It makes sense for kids to stay at home” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all There are the quarr
72、els over bathrooms, telephones and privacy Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act But for others, it proves too difficult Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains “
73、He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away to meet them at friends? houses”It is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on Nevertheless, it is commonly recognized that lengthy homecomings are a mistake and they accidentally destroy th
74、e advantage of brief visits that will strengthen the relationship between parents and children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuc
75、k with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.V. TranslationDirections: translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 由于飞机晚点，我没能参加由那个成功商人资助的慈善音乐会。（finance） . 73. 我们要时刻提醒自己只要有足够的毅力，问题终会迎刃而解。（remind）74. 志愿者们在环保会议上提出了各种倡议，这在一定程度上提升了公众对青年一代的信心
76、。（which）75. 这部影片看似无聊，但是让我们明白一个道理：要适应社会，我们不仅要对自己的行为负责而且要脱离父母的怀抱。（as, independent） VI. Guide writingDirection: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the introduction given below in Chinese.文章必须包括以下内容：1）简单描述图片；2）就图片中所呈现的现象谈谈你的看法。21-30:at that but had been flooded where a when go su
77、pporting to spendCKEJI DBAFHKeys: CACAB DCBDC ADBCDDBA59. B 60. D 61. A62. DD C B AF A B DBecause of the flights being late, I failed to attend the charity concert financed by the successful businessman We should remind ourselves at any moment that as long as we have enough perseverance, problems wi
78、ll be readily solved eventually. Volunteers put forward varieties of proposals at the environmental protection meeting, which to some extent boosted the publics confidence to the young generation. The film seems boring, but it gets us to understand: To adapt to the society, we have to be responsible for our behaviors as well as be independent of our parents.
