1、Section Language Points()(Lesson 2 & Lesson 3).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1We would experience extreme(极度的) weather if the glaciers in the Poles melted.2Its here that the rivers flow(流淌) down into the ocean.3After the police looked at the picture，he was amazed(吃惊的) to find that the big cat turned out to b
2、e a puma.4After years of goods(货物) getting cheaper，consumers may have to start getting used to everyday higher prices.5It strikes me that what they lack in quantity(数量)，they make up in quality.6Im worried about him.He hasnt yet understood that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.7No nation，ho
3、wever large or small，wealthy or poor，can escape the impact of climate change.8The more we find out about the universe，the more confused we seem to become.9He is the author of three books on art.10Young people enjoy ball games，while older people like jogging and mountainclimbing.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1
4、similar adj.相似的；类似的similarity n相似性，类似性2excite vt.使兴奋；使激动excited adj.兴奋的；感到激动的exciting adj.令人兴奋的；使人激动的excitement n兴奋，激动3vary vi.改变；变化various adj.不同的，各种各样的variety n种类；多样化4equip vt.装备；具备equipment n配备，设备5prefer vt.宁可；较喜欢preference n较喜欢的东西，偏爱6amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)amazed adj.吃惊的；惊愕的amazing adj.令人惊异的amazement n
5、惊讶；惊异7confuse vt.使困惑confused adj.迷惑的；混乱的confusing adj.使人困惑的；令人费解的confusion n混淆；混乱.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1in order to目的是，以便2upside down 颠倒地，倒置地3turn up 出现，到场4in turn 轮流5get across 使理解(某事)6break out 发生；爆发7stand by 坚持(某种说法)8back out 决定不履行(允诺的事)9put.into prison 把关进监狱10do trade with 与做生意.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1There
6、has not been much publicity about this activity，therefore few people turned up in the hall yesterday.2Even when it rains the sloth(树懒) hangs upside down in the tree.3I had created a way to get my message across by using as few words as possible.4He has decided not to play football in order to focus
7、on his schoolwork.5He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.v.encen.v.out复合短语difference 差异；不同；争执existence 存在，实在 presence 存在；出席stand out 引人注目；杰出，出色turn out 关掉(收音机等)；生产，制造；驱逐wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭1. When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but m
8、y friends persuaded me to go through with it.我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。记句式结构so.that.如此以至于仿写促落实当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。When the football fans saw Beckham，they got so excited that they cried out2. But it is worth waiting for.但这是很值得的。记句式结构be worth doing.值得做仿写促落实他决定去瞧瞧那座房子，看是否值得买下。Hes decided to
9、get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying3. Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。记句式结构too.to.太而不能仿写促落实冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。The ice is too thin to bear your weight. in order
10、to 目的是，以便(教材P24)People do extreme sports in order to feel excited.人们做极限运动是为了感到兴奋。(1)in order to和so as to跟动词原形，此时不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。一般情况下，so as to结构不放在句首。(2)so that和in order that常与情态动词can，could，may，might，will，would连用，引导目的状语从句。so that和in order that引导目的状语从句时，如果主句主语与从句主语一致，也可以换成so as to do/in order to
11、do或to do。so that 还可引导结果状语从句，写法上可以是so.that.，表“如此以致”。Im making a note of it in order not to forget it.为了记住，我正在把它记下来。He lit a cigarette so as to calm(calm) his mind.他点燃一支香烟，镇定一下情绪。We shall make you know the details in order that you can make your arrangements.我们会让你知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。 similarity n相似性；类似性(教
12、材P24)Snowboarding has similarities with surfing.单板滑雪和冲浪运动有相似性。(1)A be similar to BA与B相似A be the same as B A与B相同A be different from B A与B不同(2)similarity between. 之间的相似处similarity in 在某方面相似The two boys look very similar.这两个男孩看上去很相似。My problems are very similar to yours.我的问题和你的差不多。 turn up 出现；到场；开大；调高音
13、量(教材P25)When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。turn around/round转身turn down 调小；拒绝turn out 证明是；结果是turn to 转向；求助于，查阅turn over 翻转；移交turn on/off打开/关闭(开关)turn in 上交turn into 变成I thanked hi
14、m for the offer but turned it down.我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.她原来是我姐姐的朋友。语境助记She turned over and went to sleep again.Then her mother turned round to turn down the TV.她翻了个身又睡着了。然后她的妈妈转身关小电视的音量。 get across(使)理解(某事)(教材P25)Its difficult to get across how exciting it i
15、s!很难理解这会有多刺激！get about四处走动get around 传播get through 接通电话；通过(考试)get off 下车get along with 相处，进展get down to(doing) 开始认真做get in 收获，抵达get over 克服How are you getting along with your spoken report?你的口头报告准备得怎么样了？News soon got around that he had resigned.他辞职的消息很快传开了。I tried to telephone you but couldnt get th
16、rough我设法给你打电话，但打不通。名师点津get across作“被理解”讲时，无被动形式。 (教材P26)Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。(1)in turn轮流，依次；反过来take turns to do sth./(at)doing sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事take ones turn 依次，轮到某人by turns 轮流，依次Its your turn to recite(recite)
17、the passage.轮到你背诵这篇课文了。We take turns to make(make) dinner.We make dinner by turns.我们轮流做饭。名师点津(1)in turn表示“轮流；反过来”，而in return (for)则表示“作为(对)回报”。(2)by turns和take turns中的turn用复数形式。(2)amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)(1)amazing adj.令人惊异的(2)amazed adj. 感到惊奇的(3)amazement n. 惊奇；惊诧to ones amazement 令某人惊奇的是in amazementwith a
18、mazement 惊讶地It was one of the most amazing films Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最精彩的电影之一。I was amazed(amaze) at his speed of working.他办事之麻利让我深感叹服。I was expressing some amazement(amaze) and wonder at her good fortune.我对她的好运既惊奇又感叹。语境助记To my amazement，they seemed amazed at the amazing news，and looked at me in ama
19、zement.令我惊奇的是，他们似乎对这个令人惊异的故事感到惊奇，他们惊讶地看着我。 confuse vt.使困惑(教材P26)He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.他也对人们用黑色的石头作燃料感到困惑。confuse A with/and B把A和B相混淆confused adj. 困惑的，不解的be confused by. 对感到困惑be confused about sth. 对某事到困惑confusing adj. 令人困惑的confusion n. 困惑，不解in confusio
20、n 困惑地，迷茫地Its wrong to confuse wealth with happiness.把财富和幸福混为一谈是错误的。The instructions on the box are very confusing(confuse)盒子上的说明让人不解。I am still confused about the reason why they did so.我还是对他们为什么这样做感到迷惑不解。语境助记The confusing question made him confused and he looked at me in confusion.这个令人困惑的问题使他很困惑，他迷
21、茫地看着我。 break out (坏事)突然发生；爆发(教材P26)Not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town.他返回之后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。break in强行闯入；打断break up 破碎；解散；分手break down 出故障；垮掉break through 突破；冲破Your health will break down if you work too hard.太劳累的话，你的身体会垮的。He broke in with some ideas of his own.他插嘴讲了自己
22、的一些想法。 quantity n数量；量(教材P27)He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.他来到一个大量生产钢铁的城市。quantity and quality数量和质量a large/small quantity of 大/少量的quantities of 大量，许多的in quantity/quantities 大量地，很多A large/vast quantity of beer was sold.大量的啤酒被售出了。Quantities of food were(be) spread out on
23、the table.许多食品被摊放在桌子上。名师点津quantity的单复数“a quantity ofn.”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词在数上保持一致。而(large) quantities of修饰的无论是可数(单数或复数)还是不可数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。 risk vt.冒的危险 n危险(教材P116)What makes people risk their lives to do them？是什么让人们冒着生命危险去从事这些活动呢？(1)risk doing.冒险做risk ones health/life 以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险(2)at
24、risk(in danger) 处于危险中at the risk of(doing). 可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)的危险at all risks 无论如何run/take a risk/risks 冒险run/take the risk of(doing). 冒(做)的危险Which team is more willing to take risks?哪一队更愿意冒险？He got wellprepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk losing(lose) such a good chance.他对这次工作面试做了充分的准备，因为
25、他不想冒失去这一次好机会的危险。He was determined to do it even at the risk of being laughed(laugh) at.他决定即使冒着被人嘲笑的危险也要做。 various adj.各种各样的(教材P116)You can find all these in the various extreme sports.你可以在各种各样的极限运动中找到所有这些(1)variety n种类，多样性a variety ofvarieties of 种种的；各种各样的(2)vary v. 不同；改变vary from.to. 由到不等vary with
26、随变化vary in 在方面变化The young boy has a variety of hobbies，such as listening to classical music and painting.那个小男孩有各种各样的爱好，诸如听古典音乐和绘画。Demands for certain products vary with the season.对某些产品的需求随季节的变化而变化。The weather varied from very cold to quite mild.天气变化很大，会从很冷变得相当暖和。 (教材P26)Although people enjoyed read
27、ing his book，many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。【要点提炼】 句中的too fantastic to be true是too.to.结构，表示“太而不能”。(1)cant/can never.too.意为“再也不过分”。(2)too.to.结构常可转换为“soadj./adv.thatclause”结构。(3)在too.to.结构中，若用ready，anxious，eager，glad，will
28、ing等形容词，则该结构不表否定意义。You cant be too careful to cross the street.过马路时你一定要非常小心。He is too old to do that work.He is so old that he cant do that work.他年龄太大了，做不了那项工作。Im too glad to see(see) you again.再次见到你我很高兴。.单句语法填空1I dont know where are my glasses，without which I can not read anything.2In China many pa
29、rents often make sacrifices (牺牲) for their boys or girls，which in turn increases their dependence.3The foreigners are amazed(amaze) by theachievements that the Chinese have made recently in socialist construction.4A large quantity of goods were burnt(burn) in the fire.5They had escaped to America sh
30、ortly before war broke out in 1939.6We firmly stand by the fundamental principles of MarxismLeninism.7Hardly could he get through this large amount of work in such a short time.8Our bodies are strengthened by workout.Similarly(similar)，our minds are developed by learning.9Parents should not show pre
31、ference(prefer) for any one of their children.10A great variety(vary) of flowers were shown in the park.单句改错1I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，that my classmates recommended to me.thatwhich 2A quantity of food were on the table.werewas3The fighting was broke out about tw
32、o hours after sundown.去掉was4At first he had a confusing look on his face.confusingconfused5The two brothers take turn looking after their father.turnturns.完成句子1He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study.他年龄太小，不能到美国去深造。2Is there anyone in your class whose mother is a doctor?你班是否有母亲是医生的同
33、学？3They are studying English in order to read Shakespeare in the original.他们在攻读英语，以便能阅读莎士比亚原著。4He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt.他的公司破产时，他就有失去房子的危险。5The division between inflation and real growth would vary from year to year通胀和真实增长率的差距每年都不同。定语从句() 先观察原句后自主感悟1.He travelled acr
34、oss Europe and Asia with his father，who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.2.There were inventions and developments in China which were not available in Europe at that time.3.Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China.4.The prisoner then wrote t
35、he stories in a book called The Description of the World，which became one of the bestselling books in Europe.以上四句均含有定语从句，引导词分别为who；which；who；which。其中例句1，4的引导词前有逗号将主句和从句隔开，这种定语从句称为非限制性定语从句。例句2，3的主句和从句无逗号隔开，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句。一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述1限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从
36、句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。2非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。He has two sisters，who are working in the city.他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。即时训练1单句语法填空The man who youre talking to is my friend.I live in a house far away fr
37、om the city，in front of which is a big tree.The engineer，whose leg was badly hurt，was quickly sent to hospital.二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1标点的运用有所不同限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个女孩是谁？He is a teacher of much knowledge，from wh
38、om much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。2从句的作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。Alice received a letter
39、from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。3关系词的选用不同限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan.(which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。He didnt giv
40、e the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达：He didnt give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.4从句所修饰的先行词有所不同限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。This is the best book t
41、hat I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的书中最好的一本。He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。5关系词的省略不同在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。I still remember the days we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/wh
42、ich)She is not the one(that) she used to be.她已不再是昔日的她了。6英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。He may be late，in which case we ought to wait
43、 for him.他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。即时训练2单句语法填空I didnt find the desk whose leg was broken.The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.She is the right girl who/whom/that/不填 we are looking for.三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，he
44、ar，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等句意上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分
45、时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的决定。即时训练3单句语法填空My hometown is no longer the same as it was.Our team lost the game，as/which was reported in the newspaper.As we all know，paper was first made in China.单句语法填空1This is all that I know about the matter.2The day will come when people all over the world win independence.3Th
46、e factory where/in which his father worked was destroyed in the flood.4We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people，most of whom are healthy.5The famous basketball star，Jordan，who tried to make a comeback，attracted a lot of attention.6Mexico City，which has a population of over 10 million，is pr
47、obably the fastest growing city in the world.7We will be shown around the city：schools，museums，and some other places，where other visitors seldom go.8As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.9English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of which uses
48、 it differently.10I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.单句改错1We walked down the village street，which the villagers were having market day.whichwhere2Which can be seen from his face，he is quite pleased.WhichAs3The young man had a new girlfriend，that he wanted to impress.thatwho/whom4All the books，that have beautiful pictures in them，were written by them.thatwhich5He has found the book that he was looking for it.去掉it